基于新型RBF神经网络的四缸发动机活塞-轴系仿真研究

将一种新型的RBF神经网络和可视化等技术引入四缸发动机活塞-轴系的动力学建模申,建立了四缸发动机的活塞-轴系的仿真模型。提出的神经网络考虑了发动机运行具有周期性和不同缸存在点火相位差等特点,能重构发动机各缸燃烧气体作用于活塞的压力和其它方法难以再现的由二维雷诺润滑方程计算得到的油膜力,其有效性也被证明。再对神经网络进行训练、模块化并耦合到四缸发动机活塞-轴系动力学模型中,开发了MATLAB／SIMULINK环境下的四缸发动机活塞-轴系动力学仿真模块。这种方法也适合于其它类型发动机建模。     

基于缸盖振动信号的活塞环腔压力径向基神经网络识别研究

介绍了利用气缸盖振动信号,借助径向基神经网络（RBFNN）,进行活塞环腔气体压力识别的方法。以1100柴油机为试验对象,测得其缸盖振动位移和气缸内气体燃烧压力,将缸盖振动信号作为识别的输入信号,利用径向基神经网络和ARMA时间序列分析法对气缸燃烧压力和环腔内气体压力进行了识别。结果表明：利用径向基网络和ARMA时间序列分析法,均能较为准确地识别活塞环环腔气体压力和气缸内气体燃烧压力;径向基神经网络的识别方法比ARMA时间序列识别方法更加准确。     

气缸振动对活塞裙润滑的影响

利用迭代算法分析了存在油膜惯性时气缸振动对活塞裙润滑特性的影响。通过Navier-Stocks方程和雷诺方程的交替求解，新的迭代算法能追踪油膜惯性存在下的速度场和压力场随时间的变化。据此导出了正弦激励下和油膜惯性作用下的混合润滑雷诺模型，计算结果表明：在正弦激励下，随着气缸振动频率的增加，油膜承诺力和摩擦力出现明显波动，性能曲线光滑性也出现波动，而且这种波动在缸体挤压运动时比分离时更为明显，随着振幅的增加，当缸体做分离运动时，在吸气行程下止点附近，油膜承载力和摩擦力发生显著变化；当缸体做挤压运动时，排气运程中部附近有较大的油膜承载力和摩擦力变化。     

基于混沌RBF神经网络的汽油机瞬态工况油膜参数辨识研究

提出了基于混沌径向基(RBF)神经网络的汽油机瞬态工况油膜参数辨识方法。利用混沌优化算法确定隐含层高斯函数径向基中心和输出层连接权值,使其达到全局最优,有效地提高RBF神经网络的收敛速度;同时,利用混沌算法训练RBF神经网络,使目标函数取全局最小值或逼近全局最小值,有效地提高辨识模型的辨识精度,并与BP神经网络模型及最小二乘法辨识进行了分析和比较。仿真结果表明:混沌RBF神经网络模型收敛速度快,具有更强的非线性辨识能力,能够有效地提高油膜动态参数的辨识精度,进而得出不同工况下的油膜参数动态特征。     

基于振动测量的发动机气缸压缩压力检测方法

提出了一种通过测量发动机气缸盖振动信号来间接检测气缸內气体压缩压力的方法.同步测量了在发动机倒拖过程中的气缸压缩压力信号、气缸盖振动信号和发动机机体振动信号,利用自适应滤波方法滤除了气缸盖振动信号中包含的机体振动信号形成的噪声干扰,利用配气相位从时间域分离出由气体压缩压力激发的振动信号并计算了其包络谱.建立了RBF神经网络模型,以气缸盖振动信号的包络谱作为网络输入,以气缸压缩压力作为输出,实现了气缸压缩压力的间接检测.     

可变燃烧室(VCC)活塞设计及其动力学特性

介绍了可变燃烧室(VVC)活塞的主要设计特性,包括钢珠-型面结构和连杆复位凸轮。采用VCC活塞的动力学仿真和发动机性能仿真的耦合迭代计算,预测了VCC活塞的动态响应特性;分析了影响VCC活塞动力学特性的关键控制参数及其它们之间的相互关系。研究结果表明:VCC活塞具有控制工作循环内气缸压力的快速动态响应,能有效控制5000r/min范围内100%负荷工况时过高的气缸压力;VCC活塞发动机能够在部分负荷工况保持较高的气缸压力,50%以下负荷工况的气缸压力与压缩比12.0的发动机几乎相同;钢珠-型面设计能够将弹簧变形量放大3倍,有效增加燃烧室容积变化;实际的动态预紧力远大于静态预紧力,适当减小碟簧预紧力可改善VCC活塞的动态特性。     

自由活塞发动机活塞环-气缸套的润滑及摩擦特性

自由活塞发动机(FPE)工作过程中缸内负载特征、活塞运动规律与曲轴式发动机(CE)不同,为研究FPE活塞环润滑及摩擦特性,利用流体润滑方程与微凸体接触方程建立了FPE活塞环润滑及摩擦模型,并通过试验验证了仿真模型的有效性.通过数值仿真对比了相同结构活塞环在FPE与CE两种工作模式下最小油膜厚度、摩擦力及摩擦功率周期历程,分析了FPE活塞环摩擦学参数对润滑及摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:相对于CE,FPE活塞环在上止点附近最小油膜厚度较大,处于边界润滑状态时间历程较短,摩擦力峰值与摩擦损失较小,但摩擦功率峰值明显高于CE;FPE活塞环桶面高度由2,μm增至4,μm,上止点附近最小油膜厚度降幅为47%,,摩擦力峰值增幅为20%,,摩擦损失降幅为4.6%,;FPE活塞环桶面由-50,μm偏移至50,μm,最小油膜厚度在活塞上行过程减小,下行过程增加,膨胀行程的摩擦力峰值及其作用时间减小,摩擦功率峰值降幅为32%,,摩擦损失降幅为5.2%,.     

对置活塞二冲程内燃机折叠曲轴系统动力学分析

运用理论力学和发动机动力学的基本理论,对所提出的折叠曲轴系统建立了运动学和动力学分析模型,并利用MATLAB/Simulink建立仿真模型进行动力学特性分析。结果表明:与传统发动机相比,该内燃机活塞运动学关于上止点具有明显的非对称性,相同转速下使膨胀时间延长而压缩时间缩短,提高了上止点附近气流湍动能,有利于增强上止点附近的气体紊流强度,燃烧等容度也有所增加;但换气时间变短,影响换气质量;动力学上,活塞侧压力较传统二冲程发动机大幅度减少,有利于减少气缸壁的磨损。     

利用转速波动信号在线识别内燃机气缸压力的研究

提出一种利用转速波动信号在线识别内燃机气缸压力的方法,通过分析曲轴飞轮系统的动力学特性,建立一个简明实用的内燃机动力学模型,揭示瞬时转速波动信号与气体力抟矩及各缸气体压力之间的本质联系,给出气缸压力波形成的在线识别方法及其快速实现算法,试验及分析结果表明这种方法的可行性和有效性,为进一步诊断内燃机各缸工作不均匀性及单缸或多缸失火故障奠定了基础。     

内燃机轴颈摩擦学行为与系统动力学耦合分析

提出了一种包括摩擦学行为和系统动力学耦合仿真虚拟样机实现方法。该方法使用机械系统动态仿真程序ADAMS作为基本平台进行机构动力学仿真计算,并使用Fortran编程后得到的Matlab文件对机构进行控制,共同作用对机构进行联合仿真。由于系统动力学与油膜动力耦合作用使零部件的动力学特性发生了较大变化,因此在内燃机零部件设计时,考虑摩擦学与系统动力学的耦合是非常必要的。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996