Excel规划求解法研究Cd2+与BSA的结合平衡

利用Excel规划求解方法研究了Cd~(2 )与牛血清白蛋白的结合平衡。实验中选用Cd~(2 )离子选择性电极为指示电极研究了在pH=6.0条件下,Cd~(2 )与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)浓度均为10μmol/L数量级时的结合作用。实验数据的Scatchard图分析表明:Cd~(2 )在BSA中有一个强结合部位,2个弱结合部位。然后进一步利用Excel规划求解方法对实验数据进行求解。计算得到的稳定常数值分别为K_1=2.41I×10~6,K_2=0.97×10~5,K_3=2.05×10~5。     

锂的电化学传感器的研制

用合成的新材料1,1,1—三[1′-(2′-氧杂-4′-氧代-5′-氮杂-5′-辛基)十三烷基]丙烷为中性载体,磷酸三[2-乙基己基]酯(TEHP)为增塑剂,制成了三种锂的电化学传感器:PVC 膜电极、涂碳电极和锂离子敏感场效应晶体管(Li ISFET),比较了它们的性能。PVC 膜电极的线性响应范围是5×10~(-5)～1mol·dm~(-3)(LiCl),涂碳电极和 Li ISFET 的线性响应范围分别为10~(-4)～1mol·dm~(-3)和10~(-3)～1mol·dm~(-3)。三种锂的电化学传感器中,PVC 膜电极的选择性较好,K_(Li,Na)~(Pot)为4×10~(-2),K_(Li,K)~(Pot)为8×10~(-3),Li ISFET 的选择性较差,K_(Li,N?)~(Pot)为9·6×10~(-2),K_(Li,K)~(Pot)为1.6×10~(-2)。     

Ca^2＋—ISMs应用于大鼠脑梗塞区细胞外Ca^2＋检测实验探讨

本实验用国产钙活性材料二—2—异辛基苯基磷酸钙制成液膜式钙离子选择性微电极(Ion—Selective Microelectrodes,ISMs)检测18只雄性 Wistar 大白鼠正常脑皮层及大脑中动脉凝闭(Middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)后脑梗塞区细胞外 Ca~(2+)活度变化以及对 Ca~(2+)—ISMs 的性能进行测试,结果显示:MCAO3分钟 Ca~(2+)浓度从正常的平均值1.185±0.045mM(■±SD)降低到平均值0.427±0.188mM(■±SD)。随着梗塞时间的延长,脑便塞区细胞外 Ca~(2+)浓度呈逐渐下降的趋势。电极性能测试的结果显示:在室温下 Ca~(2+)—ISMs 的线性范围在10~(-5)—10~(-1)M,平均斜率为26.4±1.3mV(■±SD),平均检测下限为9.1±0.2×10~(-0)M(■±SD)。电极在10~(-1)—10~(-4)M 标准系列液中响应时间为20—30秒,在空温下置于10~(-3)M 标准液中历时3小时电位漂移为±1mV。电极的重现性能良好,电极的平均寿命约一周。     

Cr(CO)_n(n=1-5)与C_6 H_6相互作用的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/LANL2DZ基组水平上对(η~x-C_6H_6)Cr(CO)_n(x=1-6;n=1-5)复合物体系的可能构型进行了自由优化及相互作用能的计算,研究了不同羰基数对复合物稳定性、苯和羰基铬相互作用的影响,并对苯和羰基铬相互作用进行了NBO分析。得到以下结论:(1)当n≤3时,苯与Cr(CO)_n以η~6配位;当n≥4时,苯与Cr(CO)_n以η~2配位;(2)最稳定复合物中随羰基数的增加Cr-C_(benzene)平均键长增长,最大二面角H-C-C-H偏离碳环的角度随复合物对称性降低而逐渐增大;(3)当n为奇数时,复合物相互作用主要表现为苯C-C键的π轨道和Cr-CO键的σ反键轨道;当n为偶数时,复合物相互作用主要表现为苯C-C键的π轨道或π~*轨道与Cr的孤对电子轨道;(4)复合物羰基数越多,最稳定复合物的相互作用能数值越大,稳定性越小。     

涂碳(PVC膜)十二烷基苯磺酸根离子选择电极的研制和应用

本文以乙基紫与十二烷基苯磺酸盐形成的离子缔合物为电活性物、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂研制成涂碳(PVC膜)十二烷基苯磺酸根离子选择电极。此电极线性响应范围为1×10~(-3)—2×10~(-6)M,斜率为55—57mV/PDBS-(10—18℃),检测限为5.6×10~(-7)M。用固定干扰法测试了SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Br~-、I~-、Ac~-、NO_3~-、H_2PO_4~-、CH_3—(?)—SO_3-等阴离子的选择性系数,其值均小于6×10~(-4),前六种离子的选择系数与相应的电荷—热     

龙胆苦苷与人血清白蛋白作用机制

在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光光谱,紫外光谱和同步荧光光谱法研究了龙胆苦苷(Gentiopicroside,GPS)与人血清白蛋白(HAS)的相互作用。结果表明:龙胆苦苷能使HSA发生内源荧光猝灭,属静态猝灭机理。在298K、303K和313K下,龙胆苦苷与HSA结合常数分别为2.161×10~5,1.402×10~5和7.502×10~4L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1),结合位点数n近似为1:热力学分析表明龙胆苦苷与HSA间结合力为氢键及范德华力;根据F(o|¨)rster非辐射能量转移理论求得二者结合距离为3.68 nm;同步荧光光谱表明龙胆苦苷主要与HSA中色氨酸残基发生相互作用,改变其周围的局部构象;金属离子的介入会影响龙胆苦苷与HSA的结合能力。     

脂肪族醛酮的沸点与其分子体积及甲基数的相关性研究

利用分子力学MM2以及MM 的方法,将72个脂肪族醛酮分子作构象优化,再利用化学软件HyperChem Release 7．0,获得其分子体积(V_w),同时结合分子内的甲基数(N_m),建立了双参数方法以计算脂肪族醛酮沸点(T_b)的关系式:ln(815．5- T_b)=6．49843-1．30024×10~(-3)V_w 1．24935×10~(-2)N_m。结果表明,脂肪族醛酮的沸点与其分子体积及甲基数具有很好的相关性(r=0．9963),而这两个参数(V_w和N_m)得之简便、快捷,因而在预测脂肪族醛酮的沸点方面,将有可观的应用前景。     

花椰菜二茂铁修饰碳糊电极对抗坏血酸的电催化作用的研究

研制了花椰菜二茂铁修饰碳糊电极,探讨了该电极的性能和实用性.实验结果表明:该电极在KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液(pH=5.6)中对抗坏血酸的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,峰电位Epa=+0.0V(vs.SCE),用差分脉冲伏安法测得的氧化电流与抗坏血酸浓度在1.00×10-5～1.00×10-3mol/L范围内呈线形关系,检测限为3.00×10-6mol/L,电极具有良好的重现性和选择性,响应时间短,使用寿命20天以上.用于检测果汁饮料中的抗坏血酸,结果满意.     

二茂铁修饰碳糊电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化及电分析方法研究

研究了抗坏血酸(AA)在裸碳糊电极(CPE)和二茂铁(Fc)修饰碳糊电极(Fc/CPE)上的电化学行为.研究结果表明Fc/CPE对AA的电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用.计时电流实验测得Fc在液体石蜡中表观扩散系数Dapp=2.17×10-9 cm2/s,AA在Fc/CPE上的催化反应速率常数k=3.12×104(mol/L)-1/s.催化氧化峰电流与AA在浓度4.0×10-6～9.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程:Ipa(μA)=28.295 17.581 c(10-3 mol/L),r=0.999 0,检测限为1.5×l0-6 mol/L,同时运用方波伏安法(SWV)对含AA的市售商品药进行了含量测定,测定结果令人满意.     

苯与羰基钼相互作用的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/LANL2DZ基组水平上自由优化(η~x-C_6H_6)Mo(CO)_n(x=1-6;n=1-5)复合物体系的可能构型及计算相互作用能,探索不同羰基数对复合物稳定性、苯和羰基钼相互作用的影响,并分析苯和羰基钼相互作用的NBO。结论(1)苯以η~6与Mo(CO)_n(n=1-3)配位形成的复合物比较稳定,但η~6配位复合物CO的个数越多,则越不稳定;(2)复合物1、2、3和10中,Mo(CO)_n与苯的相互作用拉动电荷由苯的π键电子向Mo(CO)_n的σ_(Mo-CO)~*键转移,而在复合物7中,苯的π键电子向Mo(CO)_n中Mo的孤对电子轨道d转移。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。