小型管式炉

某公司最近生产了一种烧成温度达 15 0 0～ 16 0 0℃的管式炉系列 (有单管式和多管式 ) ,其中单管式的炉温较均匀 ,在炉子加热长度范围内的温差不超过 10℃。该管式炉系列所用的发热元件是碳化硅棒 ,其热量能直接辐射到炉管上而使炉温迅速升高。由于整个炉体装置采用低蓄热值的隔热材料 ,因此炉子的热效率高 ,且温度波动小。该管式炉有立式和卧式两种类型小型管式炉@柴剑玲     

攻克环氧丙烷技术难关

沈阳化工学院的吴剑华教授与他的团队研究的“单管四旋静态混合管式氯醇法环氧丙烷生产技术及装备”课题,获得了国家科技进步二等奖。该技术包括新型高效单管四旋静态混合管式氯醇化反应器、静态混合次氯酸反应器及丙烯速溶装置及反应液预溶丙烯、丙烯溶液与次氯酸反应新工艺等     

Φ1000轴径向冷管式氨合成塔改造后运行情况小结

Φ１０００轴径向冷管式氨合成塔改造后运行情况小结陆庆福（河池化学工业集团公司广西河池市，５４７００４）我公司φ１０００氨合成塔原内件是单管并流交叉换热的双层催化剂筐，于１９８９年１２月系统大修时，采用华东理工大学设计、南化公司化机厂制造的轴径向冷管式...     

单管折流式甲醇合成塔内套的数值计算

<正> 目前,我国各大中小型甲醇厂的合成塔内套多用单管并流式,也有用∪形管式或其它形式的,但单管折流式内套的使用尚未见报导。西安氮肥厂甲醇车间系年产万吨装置,因操作工况不良等原因,欲将原来的单管并流式内套改为单管折流式内套。从结构特点上看,单折式内套兼有单管并流式和∪形管式内套二者的优点。但究竟如何?笔者查阅了有关资料,研究了单折式内件的特点和性能,以上述合成塔内套的改造为背景,在本文中,给出了单管折流式甲醇合成塔内套设     

如何降低PR单管反应器生产DAP的氨损

结合云南红磷化工有限公司磷铵厂单管反应器生产DAP的特点,从管式反应器、干燥过程、洗涤过程3个方面分析为降低氨耗所采取的措施,并结合该公司10万t/aDAP装置运行情况,提出降低氨耗应注意的问题。     

预中和-单管二次氨化技术生产DAP/NPK复合肥工艺

分析常压两步中和喷浆造粒工艺、预中和-转鼓氨化工艺、管式反应器工艺生产DAP/NPK的弱点,介绍为克服这些弱点而研究开发的预中和-单管二次氨化技术的主要工艺过程及该工艺的技术特点和比较优势.提供了贵溪化肥厂的试生产及其效益情况,若月产NPK产品2.5万吨,每月可增加经济效益140万元.     

多管水力除砂器内液-固两相流的数值模拟

通过数值模拟的方法,采用RSM湍流模型对多管式水力除砂器内液-固两相流场进行了研究。研究表明:进液室的流场分布、压力分布影响各单管入口流量及速度分布;除砂器内颗粒运动的轨迹包括储料室捕集和集液室逃逸;将1000个颗粒同时射入除砂器总入口,跟踪每个颗粒得到颗粒的入管比例和分离效率,单管的颗粒入管比例与流量呈正相关,单管分离效率受速度分布影响出现差异;随着颗粒粒径增大,从单管分离出的颗粒在储料罐内的沉降速度也增大;综合各单管的颗粒入管比例和分离效率对除砂器分离系统的结构提出改进方向。     

管式反应器在氧化铝生产中的应用

管式反应器具有体积小、传热性能好、效率高等优点,在氧化铝生产中得到了很好的应用.目前国际上普遍采用的管道化溶出技术有单流法、多流法、单管预热-高压釜溶出等技术,近10年来,通过改进和创新,一水硬铝石管道化溶出技术在我国得到应用, 实践证明,该项技术符合中国国情,可在一定程度上解决我国氧化铝生产工艺能耗高的问题.     

绕管式换热器应用于天然气处理装置的价值分析

本文结合实际工作经验,以绕管式换热器为主要研究对象,并就绕管式换热器的结构设计、功能特点以及在天然气处理装置中的具体应用等多个方面的内容进行了分析与探讨。     

AZF工艺生产粒状磷酸一铵的可行性研究

介绍利用AZF工艺生产粒状磷酸一铵的工艺流程.通过对造粒、干燥系统进行物料、热量衡算,分析生产的可行性,确定工艺控制参数.结果表明,利用AZF双管式反应器流程生产粒状磷酸一铵,较单管式反应器流程生产磷酸二铵产能更大、能效更高、技术可行,可提高装置灵活性.     

钢质T形翅片管的池沸腾传热研究

<正>1 引言 随着对传热过程这一客观规律认识的深化以及加工制造技术的进步,人们已能研制开发出各式各样的强化换热元件,并在工程实践中取代传统的光滑管从而取得省材节能的双重效果。T.C.Canavos曾预言:到目前为止,强化换热元件的工作还仅仅是个开始,但是它的好处是那样地明显,以至于普通光滑管之被淘汰只不过是一个时间的问题了。多年来的实践证明这种预言是正确的,在强化换热元件中,强化液体泡核沸腾的元件的研究进展尤为突出,自60年代末期以后,先后有4种管型实现商品化,其中一种就是T形翅片管（Gewa-T）。T形翅片管自1978年问世于原联邦德国的Wieland Worke公司以后,国内外已有多项研     

Development of a Continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor and the “Scale‐out” Concept – In Search of Perfect Powders

The synthesis of powders with controlled shape and narrow particle size distributions is still a major challenge for many industries. A continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR) has been developed to overcome homogeneity and scale‐up problems encountered when using batch reactors. Supersaturation is created by mixing the co‐reactants in a micromixer inducing precipitation; the suspension is then segmented into identical micro‐volumes by a non‐miscible fluid and sent through a tube. These micro‐volumes are more homogeneous when compared to large batch reactors leading to narrower size distributions, better particle morphology, polymorph selectivity and stoichiometry. All these features have been demonstrated on single tube SFTR for different chemical systems. To increase productivity for commercial application the SFTR is being “scaled‐out” by multiplying the number of tubes running in parallel instead of scaling‐up by increasing their size. The versatility of the multi‐tube unit will allow changes in type of precipitate with a minimum of new investment as new chemistry can be researched, developed and optimised in a single tube SFTR and then transferred to the multi‐tube unit for powder production.     

The effect of vapour shear and condensate drainage in condensers using roped tubes

It is well known that the heat transfer performance of a condensing heat exchanger can be improved by using roped or spirally indented tubes. Most of the published work refers to experiments carried out on single tubes in closely controlled laboratory experiments. If such tubes are to be used in practical situations the designer must know how they will perform in tube bundles. One of the main problems in condensers is the effect of condensate drainage (inundation) and vapour shear on the performance of that condenser. A series of experimentals have been carried out in three different tube bundles of 21 tubes in order to investigate the above phenomenon. One of the bundles was of plain tubes the other two were of roped tubes of the same diameter, groove pitch and groove depth but of differing helix angle. These values were 11mm., 0.2mm. and 6.4mm. respectively. The tubes were all 0.69.m long. The main experimental variables were cooling water velocity and logarithmic mean temperature difference.The results show that, as would be expected, condensate inundation reduces heat transfer in condensers. In addition, the flow pattern of the vapour in the condenser has a significant effect on the heat transfer performance of tubes in the bundle. Experiments with the roped tubes show that their performance is not as adversely affected by condensate drainage as is the plain tube bundle.     

循环冷却水处理配方的改进

介绍研制以有机膦、磺酸盐类共聚物、锌等为主剂的缓蚀阻垢剂的过程。经现场应用证明:JN-984缓蚀阻垢剂综合性能远优于原来的钼磷锌系缓蚀阻垢剂,适用于目前石化公司循环水运行状况。     

管壳式鼓泡降膜塔的流体力学研究

本文提出了管壳式鼓泡阵膜塔的结构构思与操作工况.该塔的列管具有两种流体分布器,上端口的液体分配器与降膜塔相似,下端口的气体分布器与鼓泡塔相似,以实现列管内上半段降膜、下半段鼓泡的鼓泡降膜联合操作.文中阐述了在φ16—36mm单管和多管(塔径φ200mm)中水-空气系统的流体力学实验结果.实验表明,该塔具有良好的操作性能:气液负荷大,操作弹性大,两相流状态稳定,鼓泡层返混较小,兼具鼓泡塔和降膜塔的特点.实验并为这种新型反应器提供了必要的设计数据.     

Characteristics and properties of electrodeposited chromium from aqueous solutions

The characteristics and properties of chromium deposited from sulphate-catalysed chromic acid solutions of varying composition over both a current density and temperature range have been examined. An attempt to interpret the mechanical test results on the basis of inherent crack incidence and crack length within the deposit has also been presented.Comparisons between laboratory and commercial platings have established the viability of extrapolating the laboratory results, enabling test gun tube performance to be related to the various coating structures produced in the 120 mm barrel by the varying current density conditions experienced. These current density variations have been predicted using the boundary element numerical method which demonstrates the inherent problems associated with gun tube geometry.This paper was presented at a workshop on the electrodeposition of refractory metals, held at Imperial College, London, in July 1985.     

焦炉煤气横管初冷工艺的改进

叙述了焦炉煤气横管初冷工艺中轻质焦油洗萘的操作情况,指出了改造后初冷工艺的特点、效果及存在问题。     

Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement of Water/Salt Mixtures on Roll‐Worked Enhanced Tubes in Compact Staggered Tube Bundles

An experimental study was performed for the boiling heat transfer enhancement of water/salt mixtures on both plane and roll‐worked enhanced tubes in compact staggered tube‐bundle evaporators under atmospheric and increased pressure conditions. The effects of tube spacing, position of tubes, test pressure and salt‐water concentration on the boiling heat transfer characteristics in restricted spaces of compact tube bundles consisting of plane and roll‐worked tubes were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the single roll‐worked tubes in a bulk liquid have a greater boiling heat transfer promotion than the single plane tubes. For the plane tubes in compact tube bundles, the effect of tube spacing on the boiling heat transfer is very significant. The boiling heat transfer has a maximum enhancement when the optimum tube spacing is selected. For the roll‐worked tubes in compact bundles, the effect of tube spacing on the boiling heat transfer is also significant as the tube spacing is small. The boiling heat transfer still has a maximum value and a compound enhancement effect of the boiling heat transfer from both the optimum tube spacing and the surface treatment is observed for the enhanced tube bundles.     

浅谈一段蒸汽转化炉顶部燃烧器燃料气管两次改造

一段蒸汽化炉炉顶保温层的整体更换造成燃烧器的砖孔中心偏移和燃烧器对中固定困难,保温层更新造成炉顶砖标高的增加,使燃烧器连接管过长造成软连接管过度弯曲,且不能保障金属软管安全使用结果造成燃烧器烧炉砖、烧燃烧器扩口管、回火和火焰调调整困难等问题,根据产生的不同原因先后提出由硬管连接结构改为"S型"软管连接结构、再由"S型"软管结构改为倒"L型"的软管结构的解决方案,通过两次的连接管改造解决了炉顶保温更换和更新带来的问题。     

Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts

The paper presents an experimental investigation on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics by using single, double, triple, and quadruple twisted-tape inserts in a round tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wal . The investigation has been conducted in the heat exchanger tube inserted with various twisted-tape numbers for co-and counter-twist arrangements for the turbulent air flow, Reynolds number (Re) from 5300 to 24000. The typical single twisted-tape inserts at two twist ratios, y/w=4 and 5, are used as the base case, while the other multiple twisted-tape inserts are at y/w=4 only. The experimental results of heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), respectively, reveal that Nu increases with the increment of Re and of twisted-tape number. The values of Nu for the inserted tube are in a range of 1.15–2.12 times that for the plain tube while f is 1.9–4.1 times. The thermal enhancement factor of the inserted tube under similar pumping power is evaluated and found to be above unity except for the single and the double co-twisted tapes. The quadruple counter-twisted tape insert provides the maximum thermal performance.