CaO—SiO2—MgO—Al2O3精炼渣的脱硫性能

在实验室用模拟装置研究了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３精炼渣脱硫的性能。碱度和助溶剂ＣａＦ２含量对硫分配比Ｌｓ影响较为显著，并分析了ＭｇＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３对脱硫反应的作用。     

BaO—CaO—Na2O—CaF2—Cr2O3渣系的不锈钢脱磷

测定了１５００℃时磷在ＢａＯ－ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＣａＦ２－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３渣子和０．１２Ｃ－０．７１Ｓｉ－１８Ｃｒ不锈钢熔体之间的分配比，试验结果表明，该渣系的不锈钢脱磷能力比ＣａＯ基渣好，与ＢａＯ基渣相当。     

Cao—SiO2—CaF2—FeO—Na2O渣系铁水脱磷,脱硫预处理

本次研究了含２０％，ＣａＦ２，ＣａＯ／ＳｉＯ２＝４的ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＣａＦ２８渣系脱磷和脱硫的能力，同时也确定了该脱硅量。本研究过程中用ＦｅＯ（４－８％）和Ｎａ２Ｏ（１－６％）来改变铁水的氧化势。试验是在１０ｋｇ敞口感应电上进行的，炉子为ＡＩ２Ｏ３耐火材料，温度为１３５０－１４００℃。试验过程中用伽伐尼电池连续测定铁水的氧化势，共范围为１０＾１３。４ａｔｍ（试验前）至１０＾１２．０ａｔｍ（试验后     

CaO—SiO2—Na2O三元渣系的挥发率

采用失重法对ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｎａ２Ｏ三元渣系在不同温度下的挥发率进行了测量。结果表明，在烧结温度下，低熔点渣的挥发率呈三段式变化，而高熔点渣无此特性；当修正碱度Ｒ′＞１、成分固定时，只有在温度超过其流动温度时才能显著提高挥发率；温度一定时，挥发率随着碱度Ｒ及Ｎａ２ＣＯ３含量的增加而提高；当Ｒ′＜１时，温度、碱度、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３含量对挥发率的影响都不大。     

铁水预处理温度下CaO—SiO2—FeO—P2O5—CaF2渣系中CaO饱和溶解量

对１３００℃和１３５０℃的铁水预处理温度下ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＦｅＯ－Ｐ２Ｏ５－ＣａＦ２渣系中ＣａＯ饱和溶解量进行了测定。实验结果表明，温度升高对提高ＣａＯ饱和溶解量有利，渣中ＣａＦ２，ＦｅＯ含量增加，ＣａＯ饱和溶解减少，当渣组成们于ＣａＯ＋Ｌ和Ｌ交界上时，与其它区域相比，ＣａＯ达到饱和所需溶解时间最短。     

CaO—CaF2—SiO2渣系碳酸盐容量和硫化物容量的关系

根据文献报道１４７３－１７７３Ｋ的ＣａＯ－ＣａＦ２－ＳｉＯ２渣系碳酸盐容量和１４７３－１６２３Ｋ硫化物容量的数值，考查了ＸＣａＯ、ＸＣａＯ／ＸＳｉＯ２、ＸＣａＯ／（ＸＳｉＯ２＋ＸＣａＦ２）、（ＸＣａＯ＋ＸＣａＦ２）／ＸＳｉＯ２及光学碱度五种表达炉渣成分的参数与碳酸盐和硫化物容量的关系，研究了该渣系碳酸盐容理和硫化物容量的关系，结果表明：碳酸盐容量与ＸＣａＯ／ＸＳｉＯ２，（ＸＣａＯ＋ＸＣａＦ２）／Ｘ     

CaO—Al2O3—CaF2—SiO2—MgO五元精炼渣系的起泡性能

采用二次回归正交试验方法测定了１５３０℃下ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＦ２－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ五元精炼渣系的起泡性能。得出炉渣起泡指数与炉渣光学碱度、渣中Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＣａＦ２含量间的回归方程。结果表明：炉渣的光学碱度和ＣａＦ２含量对起泡指数有较大影响,而Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量对起泡指数影响很小。具有最佳发泡性能的炉渣成分中ＣａＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣａＦ２,ＳｉＯ２,ＭｇＯ的质量分数分别为：４４．０６％,３０．００％,７．００％,８．９４％,１０％。研究结果还表明：炉渣起泡指数与炉渣粘度成正比,而与表面张力和密度的平方根成反比。     

磷在CaO—BaO—CaF2渣系与锰铁熔体间的平衡

通过ＣａＯ－ＢａＯ－ＣａＦ２渣系和Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｃ－Ｐ熔体间的平衡分配实验，研究了ＢａＯ、ＣａＦ２、温度及锰铁中碳、锰含量对磷、锰平衡分配的影响，并计算了ＣａＯ－ＢａＯ－ＣａＦ２渣系的磷酸盐容量及Ｐ２Ｏ５的活度系数。     

CaO—BaO—CaF2—CaCl2渣对铬铁系合金的氧化脱磷

通过ＣａＯ－ＢａＯ－ＣａＦ２－ＣａＣｌ２渣和Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｃ－Ｐ熔体间的分配平衡实验，研究磷、铬在该渣中的行为。结果表明，在一定范围内，增加渣中的ＢａＯ和ＣａＣｌ２含量，磷酸盐容量增加，铬酸盐容量的变化则较小。根据实验结果的综合分析说明，该渣对Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ熔体具有较理想的脱磷体铬能力。在此基础上，在实验室内用该渣对含铬３０％的Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ合金进行了氧化脱磷的应用性试验，试验结果表明，适当的低温和ＢａＯ和     

电炉炉底用MgO—CaO—Fe2O3合成砂的研制与应用

ＭｇＯ－ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３合成砂构筑的电炉炉底，表面形成的氧化层不断地消失和再生，体现了陶瓷结合相进入主晶相和形成高熔点矿物的结构特征，从而实现长寿命炉底。     

基于两温两密度法的FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2三元渣系成分软测量模型

针对火法冶炼熔渣成分含量与其物理性质强耦合的特点,以渣系温度和密度为软测量辅助变量,采用泰勒级数三次展开回归算法,建立基于两温两密度法的三元渣系成分软测量数学模型. FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2渣系的实例验证表明,回归计算精度高,平均相对误差（绝对值）仅为0.412%,多组软测量预测命中率高,且渣系组分含量适应范围较宽.依此模型计算绘制的密度-温度特性曲线分析表明,该模型能较好地反映三元渣系密度与组分含量、温度间的内在规律,为实现三元渣系组分含量预测提供了良好的软测量模型.     

Al_2O_3-CaO-CaF_2渣系性能的研究

对Al_2O_3-CaO-CaF_2渣系的初晶温度、电导率以及物相组成进行了研究。研究结果表明:向CaO-Al_2O_3二元系中分别添加10%、15%以及20%的CaF_2时,Al_2O_3-CaO-CaF_2系的渣样电导率随着CaF_2含量的增加而增大,初晶温度不断降低;随着渣系的温度升高,该渣样的电导率也不断增大,当添加20%CaF_2时,Al_2O_3-CaO-CaF_2渣的初晶温度为1 468℃。A_2O_3-CaO-CaF_2渣系中主要物相组成为CaAl_2O_4、Ca_2Al_3O_6F、Ca_2AlF_7以及AlF_3。CaF_2添加量为10%时,熔渣中有大量的CaAl_2O_4物质,随着CaF_2添加量的增加,CaAl_2O_4物质越来越少,而Ca_2Al_3O_6F和Ca_2AlF_7物质越来越多。     

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In order to accurately control the rare earth content in liquid steel in electroslag remelting (ESR) process, according to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) of slag structure and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic calculating model for the evaluation of mass action concentrations (designated by Ni for structure unit i) for La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 slag system was formulated. The results show that the calculated values of NLa2O3 are in good agreement with the reported measured values, indicating that this calculating model can wholly embody the characteristics of the slag system. The activity of La2O3 decreases with the increasing of the Al2O3 and CaF2 content, and Al2O3 is stronger than CaF2 in decreasing the activity of La2O3. But the activity of La2O3 increase with the increasing in temperature at the composition range of 30% La2O3, 20% Al2O3, 50% CaF2. Above all, the activity of La2O3 in La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 slag system can be quantitatively analyzed by this thermodynamic model, and this model can provide a theoretical basis for precisely controlling the lanthanum content in molten steel in ESR process.     

CaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3熔渣的热力学计算模型

根据CaO-SiO2、CaO-B2O3和SiO2-B2O3二元相图确定了熔渣的结构单元,利用熔渣的分子离子共存理论建立了CaO-SiO2-B2O3三元熔渣活度模型。通过对模型求解,可以计算出熔渣中CaO、SiO2、B2O3、CS、C2S、C3B、C2B、CB和CB2的组分活度。分析了熔渣碱度、B2O3含量及温度对熔渣组分活度的影响,其中熔渣碱度的影响最大,B2O3含量的影响次之,温度的影响最小。     

环保型高磷铁水预处理脱磷剂的试验研究

为开发高效环保的高磷铁水预脱磷剂,利用FactsageTM软件绘制了Fe3O4-CaO-B2O3和Fe3O4-CaO-K2O三元相图,根据相图确定出B2O3系和K2O系脱磷剂成分的质量分数,然后在实验室进行脱磷试验,并与以CaF2为助熔剂的高磷铁水预脱磷试验结果进行了比较。结果表明:B2O3能够完全替代CaF2作为助熔剂进行高磷铁水的脱磷预处理,控制w(P)<0.1%,此时w(B2O3)/w(CaO)=0.16,用此种脱磷剂进行脱磷时,化渣良好且不产生泡沫渣,脱磷率也最高。而K2O系脱磷剂的脱磷效果较差。     

Catalytic Reduction of SO2 on CeO2-La2O3 Rare Earth Mixed Compounds

Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers were all γ-Al2O3, were used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst and the impact of temperature and reactant concentration on the activation process were investigated. Using X-ray diffraction, the structure characteristics of catalyst before and after reaction were analyzed to reveal the change of phase structure. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixtures composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, diminish activation temperature 50～100℃ less and have higher activity than a single oxide CeO2 or La2O3. The reason possibl is that La2O3 goes into in the lattice of CeO2 to form solid phase complex CeO2-La2O3 and increases the capability of CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to store oxygen, which supplies the redox of CeO2 reaction with a better condition. At the same time, elemental sulfur formed in the redox reaction impels La203 to be transformed to activation phase La2O2S in a lower temperature, which can be explained with the synergism between redox reaction and COS intermediate mechanism reaction.     

Polythermal sections of the Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3 phase diagram

Polythermal sections of the Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ phase diagram confirm that the system is quasibinary and enable one to give a complete phase diagram for the system. The ternary eutectic Al₂O₃ + ZrO₂ (solid solution) + Y₃Al₅O₁₂ has the lowest melting point in the system, whose temperature is 1715°C. No single-phase regions for the ternary solid solutions have been identified, which indicates that Al₂O₃ is not soluble in solid solutions based on F-ZrO₂ and C-Y₂O₃. This gives theoretical evidence for the scope for making new ceramics in this ternary system, which may have a high level of mechanical characteristics.     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系脱磷行为

利用Factsage软件计算了Al2O3含量对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系熔点和黏度的影响,并通过实验研究了在1 400℃时,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系对高磷铁水脱磷行为的影响.结果表明:渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间时,随着A12O3含量的增加,渣系的熔化温度迅速降低,进一步增加渣中的A12O3含量,渣系的熔化温度逐渐增加;Al2O3对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系的黏度影响不大;渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间变化时,渣系脱磷能力变化不是很大,脱磷率维持在91％左右,进一步增加渣系中A12O3的量,脱磷率逐渐下降;Al2O3对脱磷率产生影响可能是其改变了炉渣中液相所占比例,进而影响磷从铁水中向液相渣的传质过程.     

Oxygen pressure dependence of Cu2O-CuO-Gd2O3 phase diagram

The phase diagram of the Gd-Cu-O system has been investigated under various oxygen partial pressures by thermal analysis. In this system, only one ternary compound Gd₂CuO₄ exists stably, depending on the oxygen partial pressure. This compound decomposes to Gd₂O3 and Cu₂O under low oxygen partial pressure at high temperature. The incongruent melting and decomposition temperatures of Gd₂CuO₄ and the temperature of eutectic reaction have been investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure. The present ternary system includes two invariant reactions:L + Gd₂O₃ ⇆ Gd₂CuO₄ + Cu₂O at 1376 K under 0.07 atm O₂ (7.09 kPa) andL⇆ Gd₂CuO₄ + CuO + Cu₂O at 1321 K under 0.42 atm O₂ (42.56 kPa). The thermodynamic properties of the system have also been considered.     

阴极气膜微弧放电沉积ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层

采用阴极气膜微弧放电沉积制备ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层，利用水溶液中阴极气膜放电产生的等离子体的能量，使在阴极表面形成的沉积物直接烧结为陶瓷涂层。研究了沉积涂层的影响因素和涂层形貌及结构。SEM，EDS和XRD分析结果表明，获得的ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层表面光滑、与基体结合致密、成分和相结构均匀，是一种由Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2陶瓷涂层。通过测试阴极气膜放电过程中电流随时间的变化以及电位在两电极间分布，分析了阴极气膜放电沉积陶瓷涂层的机制。