稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+合成氯乙酸正丁酯

以稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+为催化剂,氯乙酸与正丁醇为原料合成氯乙酸丁酯,系统地研究了原料量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验结果表明,SO2-4/TiO2/La3+是合成氯乙酸正丁酯的良好催化剂,n(丁醇)/n(氯乙酸)=2.0,催化剂的用量为酸质量的2.5%,环己烷的用量为反应液总物质的量的15%,反应时间2.0h,反应温度125～139℃,氯乙酸正丁酯的收率达到88%.     

La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化合成衣康酸二丁酯

研究了固体超强酸La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化衣康酸与正丁醇合成衣康酸二丁酯的酯化反应,考察了催化剂种类,确定以La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2为催化剂,催化剂La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的最佳焙烧温度为450℃。并考察反应物配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定最佳工艺条件:n(衣康酸):n(正丁醇)=1:3,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的4.5%,反应时间3.0h。在该条件下,衣康酸转化率达95.7%,产物衣康酸二丁酯收率为93.3%。并对La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的重复使用性能进行考察,结果表明,与SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2相比,La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2重复使用5次后,仍具有较高的催化活性,衣康酸转化率为92.3%,衣康酸二丁酯收率90.8%,说明稀土元素La的添加对于增加固体超强酸的寿命起了主要作用。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化剂的制备和催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+),并通过十四酸正丁酯酯化反应的酯化率考察催化剂制备因素对催化活性的影响。结果表明固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化剂的最佳制备条件为:沉淀pH=9、n(La~(3+)/Ti~(2+))=1∶6、硫酸浸渍浓度为1.8 mol/L,焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为3 h,十四酸正丁酯合成的平均酯化率均98%。     

稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3＋合成氯乙酸正丁酯

以稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3 为催化剂，氯乙酸与正丁醇为原料合成氯乙酸丁酯，系统地研究了原料量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明，SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3 是合成氯乙酸正丁酯的良好催化剂，n(丁醇)／n(氯乙酸)=2．0，催化剂的用量为酸质量的2．5％，环己烷的用量为反应液总物质的量的15％。反应时闻2．0h，反应温度125-139℃，氯乙酸正丁酯的收率达到88％。     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2/USY催化合成氯乙酸正丙酯的研究

采用沉淀法制备SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2/USY催化剂,以氯乙酸和正丙醇为原料,催化合成氯乙酸正丙酯,考察反应时间、带水剂种类、带水剂用量、醇酸物质的量比及催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,环己烷为氯乙酸正丙酯合成反应较适宜的带水剂,SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2/USY在酯化反应中具有良好的催化活性。在氯乙酸0.25mol、n(醇):n(酸)=1.5、反应时间3.0h、带水剂环己烷7.5mL和催化剂用量1.0g条件下,酯化率达95.72%。催化剂重复使用6次,酯化率仍可达94.91%,催化活性基本不变,具有良好的重复使用性能。SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2/USY具有反应条件温和、催化活性高、重复使用性能好和环境污染小等优点,具有较高的开发价值。     

硫酸根/氧化钛—氧化镧催化合成苯甲醛1,2—丙二醇缩醛

以稀土改性固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2—La_2O_3为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和1,2—丙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛1,2—丙二醇缩醛,探讨了SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2—La_2O_3对缩醛反应的催化活性,研究了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间等对产品收率的影响。实验表明,SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2—La_2O_3是合成苯甲醛1,2—丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,在n(醇):n(醛)=2.25:1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.50％,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间50min的优化条件下,苯甲醛1,2—丙二醇缩醛的收率可达80.8％。     

高活性、高稳定性的SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化合成聚合松香

采用共沉淀法和浸渍法制备固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+),通过用Hammett指示剂法进行酸强度的测定。将制备的材料用于催化合成聚合松香,结果表明SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)具有较好的催化活性。较适宜的反应条件为:松香25.00g,甲苯37.5g[m(松香)∶m(甲苯)=1∶1.5],催化剂m(SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+))=1.50g,反应温度120℃,最佳c(浸渍硫酸)=1.0mol/L。La元素的引入使该催化剂具有较好的重复使用性。在该条件下合成的聚合松香的软化点可以达到125.4℃,得率达到85%。     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)合成氯乙酸异辛酯

以稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/La3+为催化剂,氯乙酸与异辛醇为原料合成氯乙酸异辛酯,系统地研究了原料量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明:SO42-/TiO2/La3+是合成氯乙酸异辛酯的良好催化剂,在n(异辛醇)/n(氯乙酸)=1.3,催化剂的用量为酸质量的3.0%,环己烷的用量为反应物总摩尔数的10%,反应时间3.0,氯乙酸异辛酯的收率达到89.2%。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化合成乙酰水杨酸

以固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2为催化剂,水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料合成乙酰水杨酸。研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度的影响。结果表明,固定水杨酸质量为7.0 g时,乙酸酐为11.4 g,催化剂用量为0.8 g,反应时间为25 min,反应温度为80℃的条件下,乙酰水杨酸的收率为88.7%。催化剂重复使用5次收率还能够达到86.1%。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2催化α-蒎烯合成龙脑

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂,用XRD,XPS和NH_3-TPD对其结构进行表征与分析,结果表明:该催化剂为非晶态结构,具有超强酸位。以α-蒎烯,草酸的酯化皂化反应为探针,首先研究了Ti/Si摩尔比、硫酸浸渍浓度对SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2催化性能的影响,得到适宜的SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂制备条件为:Ti/Si摩尔比1∶3,硫酸浸渍浓度1.5 mol/L。以适宜条件下制备的SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2为催化剂,研究了工艺条件对合成龙脑的反应的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件为反应时间7 h,反应温度75℃,催化剂用量为α-蒎烯的6%,n(α-蒎烯)∶n(草酸)=1∶0.4。在此条件下,α-蒎烯的转化率达到100%,龙脑的收率可达58.14%。该催化剂重复使用5次后,催化活性无明显下降。SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2固体超强酸显示出良好的催化活性和稳定性。     

Fe~(3 )、Zn~(2 )、Mn~(2 )、Cu~(2 )、Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 )等离子共存体系中Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 )的测定

叙述了Fe3 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Cu2 、Ca2 、Mg2 等离子共存体系中采用六次甲基四胺 -铜试剂沉淀除去Fe3 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Cu2 等干扰离子 ,用EDTA滴定钙镁的方法 ,该方法钙的回收率在 99.7%～ 10 0 .3 % ;镁的回收率在 10 0 .0 %～ 10 0 .4% ,标准偏差为 0 .0 2 2。     

Ag(I)(Et(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2))(2)]NO(3): An Antimitochondrial Silver Complex

The silver(I) complex [Ag(eppe)(2)]NO(3) (eppe = Et(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2)) is shown by X-ray crystallography to be tetrahedral with Ag - PEt(2) and Ag - P Ph(2) bond lengths of 2.482 and 2.518 A, respectively. The complex is selectively antimitochondrial and inhibits the growth of a number of yeast strains in non-fermentable media at concentrations as low as 2.5 muMu and induces the mitochondrial mutation petite The effect is largely reversed by the presence of aspirin. The complex is shown to be stable in the cell culture media and in the presence of glutathione, but readily reacts with disulfides of oxidized glutathione and serum albumin. Surprisingly, neither [Au(eppe)(2)]Cl nor [Au(eppe)(2)]Cl (dppe = Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2)) showed any mitochondrial selectivity in the same screening protocol.     

Interaction of [Rh(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)(H(2)O)(2)] and [Rh(2)(O(2)CCH(OH)Ph)(2)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](O(2)C-CH(OH)Ph)(2) With Sulfhydryl Compounds and Ceruloplasmin

The interaction of binuclear rhodium(II) complexes [Rh(2)(OOCCH(3))(4)(H(2)O)(2)], [Rh(2){OOCCH(OH)Ph}(2)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] {OOCCH(OH)Ph}(2), [Rh(2)(OOCCH(3))(2)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](OOCCH(3))(2) and [Rh(2)Cl(2)(OOCMe)(2)(bpy)(2)](3H(2)O) with ceruloplasmin, cysteine, glutathione and coenzyme A have been investigated using. UV-Vis and CD spectroscopies. The complexes containing phen or bpy at pH = 7.4 and 4.0 are readily reduced with sulfhydryl compounds, while rhodium(II) acetate is relatively stable in these conditions. Complex [Rh(2){OOCCH(OH)Ph}(2)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] strongly changes structure of ceruloplasmin leading to the decrease of of alpha-helix content and loss of oxidase activity.     

Copper (2+), Zinc (2+), and Nickel (2+) Uptake by Activated Sludge

Abstract

This paper reports the results obtained on copper, zinc, and nickel uptake by activated sludge in a completely mixed unit. Removal of these heavy metals from wastewater occurs by uptake and by precipitation, the latter being particularly important in the cases of copper and zinc. The amount of heavy metal taken up by the microorganisms at equilibrium varies with influent concentration for the three metals studied. The values obtained range from 2.3 mg/g VSS for copper at 1 mg/L in the influent to 57.4 mg/g VSS for nickel at influent 25 mg/L. Soluble metal removal from wastewater increases in percentage with influent concentration, being higher for copper and lower for nickel. Experiments with mixtures of these metals have also been carried out.     

氨噻肟酸与AE—活性酯

我国氨噻肟酸的总产量为300-400t/a,产品大部分用于生产AE-活性酯,部分直接出口。在氨噻肟酸生产中如何对反应过程进行实时监控,利用液氯替代价格较高同时危险性较大的液溴,以及如何控制氨噻肟酸产物中顺反异构体的比例、阻止二聚体的生成是今后有待解决的问题;在AE-活性酯的生产中,利用价格较低的原料代替昂贵的三苯基膦将对降低生产成本起到决定性的作用。     

N（2—甲苯基）—2—（2—甲苯氧乙酰基）氨基脲的合成

以固体氢氧化的钠作催化剂,用Ｎ－（２－甲苯基）三氯乙酰胺与２－本氧乙酰肼反应,合成一种新的氨基脲。     

H(2)O(2) in CO(2): sustainable production and green reactions

Hydrogen peroxide is a "green" oxidant whose relatively high cost has prevented it from being applied to commodity chemical processing. Interestingly, those attributes of the current H(2)O(2) process that contribute to the high cost also contribute to its nonsustainable features. We have consequently explored the generation of hydrogen peroxide both by the AQ route and directly from hydrogen and oxygen using liquid CO(2) as the solvent, because CO(2) provides some unique advantages to H(2)O(2) synthesis.     

2-(2-氯苄基)-2-(1-氯环丙基)环氧乙烷的合成

报道了丙硫菌唑中间体2-(2-氯苄基)-2-(1-氯环丙基)环氧乙烷的合成方法。以1-氯-N,N-二甲基环丙基甲酰胺和邻氯氯苄为原料,经格氏反应制备2-氯苄基-(1-氯环丙基)酮;后者再与硫叶立德试剂反应得到相应的环氧化物。     

A new binuclear Cr(III) citrate anion: Synthesis,characterization and crystal structure of [Cr(CO(NH2)2)6]2[Cr2(CO(NH2)2)2(C6H4O7)2]3

The new anion [Cr₂(CO(NH₂)₂)₂(C₆H₄O₇)₂]^2 − has been isolated in the complex [Cr(CO(NH₂)₂)₆]₂[Cr₂(CO(NH₂)₂)₂(C₆H₄O₇)₂]₃. The crystals of this complex were obtained by a one-pot synthetic method using 1:1 molar ratio of hexaureachromium(III) chloride and trisodium citrate in aqueous medium. It was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in space group R‾3 of the trigonal system with three formula units in a cell of dimensions a = b = 24.7461(4) Å, c = 13.7204(3) Å and γ = 120°. The crystal structure comprises the columns consisting of [Cr(CO(NH₂)₂)₆]^3 + cations surrounded by a cylinder of complex anions, [Cr₂(CO(NH₂)₂)₂(C₆H₄O₇)₂]^2 − which are packed in a honeycomb-like manner. This supramolecular architecture is formed and stabilized by inter- and intramolecular NH⋯O hydrogen bonds.