Effect of B_2O_3 on Melting Temperature of CaO-Based Ladle Refining Slag

B2O3 is selected as fluxing agent of CaO-based ladle refining slag to decrease the melting temperature as well as to improve the speed of slag forming and the refining efficiency.The effects of B2O3 on the melting temperature of two series of refining slags including the low basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 3-4)and the high basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 5-8.75)were investigated.The slag melting temperature was measured using the hemisphere method.The results indicate that the fluxing action of B2O3 is better than that of CaF2 and Al2O3.For the CaO-based refining slag with low basicity,the melting temperature is decreased effectively when B2O3 is used to substitute for equal mass of CaF2,Al2O3 and SiO2,respectively.For the CaO-based refining slag with high basicity,when CaF2 is substituted by B2O3,the melting temperature can be decreased remarkably.Especially,when the mass ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 are in the range of 1.1-4.0 and 5.25-8.0,respectively,the slag melting temperature is lower than 1300 ℃.Therefore,the B2O3-containing refining slags with high ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 have ultra low melting temperature.     

Smelting Oxidation Desulfurization of Copper Slags

 According to the mechanism of sulfur removal easily through oxidation, the process of smelting oxidation desulfurization of copper slags is studied, which supplies a new thinking for obtaining the molten iron of lower sulfur content by smelting reduction of copper slags. Special attention is given to the effects of the holding temperature, the holding time and CaF2, CaO addition amounts on the desulfurization rate of copper slags. The results indicate that the rate of copper slags smelting oxidation desulfurization depends on the matte mass transfer rate through the slag phase. After the oxidation treatment, sulfur of copper slags can be removed as SO2 efficiently. Amount of Ca2+ of copper slags affects the desulfurization rate greatly, and the slag desulfurization rate is reduced by adding a certain amount of CaF2 and CaO. Compared with CaF2, CaO is negative to slags sulfur removal with equal Ca2+ addition. Under the air flow of 0. 3 L/min, the sulfur content of copper slags can be reduced to 0. 00467% in the condition of the holding time of 3 min and the holding temperature of 1500 ℃. The sulfur content of molten iron is reduced to 0. 0008% in the smelting reduction of treated slags, and the problem of high sulfur content of molten iron obtained by smelting reduction with copper slag has been successively solved.     

Model for Evaluating Density of Molten Slag With Optical Basicity

 A new model based on optical basicity is proposed to estimate the density of molten slag. Successful applications to the density calculations of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 and Al2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2 slag systems show that this model works well. It is also found that the ionic band percentage of “M-O” band in MOx oxide is the intrinsic origin of the phenomenon that the slag with a high optical basicity has a large sensitivity to temperature.     

Measuring and Modeling of Density for Selected CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Slag With Low Silica

 The densities of the selected quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag with low silica were measured by the Archimedean method in a wide temperature range from 1773 to 1873 K. Nine different slag compositions were chosen based on three different levels of CaO content and three different levels of SiO2 content. wMgO was equal to 7.0%. wCaO were varied from 40.04% to 50.64%, for wSiO2=10.25%-20.70%. The effects of temperature, SiO2 content and optical basicity were studied. It is shown that density decreases approximately linearly with an increase in temperature. Under the same CaO content, the density decreases with increasing of SiO2 content, and increases with optical basicity increasing. Based on the experimental data as the boundary of the homogenous phase region predicated by FACTSAGE software, the mass triangle model is used to calculate the density of selected limited homogenous phase region. The results showed that the mass triangle model works well.     

Crystallization Behavior in Fluoride-Free Mold Fluxes Containing TiO2/ZrO2

  The time temperature transformation (TTT) diagrams of fluoride free mold fluxes containing TiO2/ZrO2 were constructed through the confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) technique. It was found that the crystallization temperature of F free mold fluxes containing TiO2 or ZrO2 increases, while incubation time decreases with increasing basicity. The crystallization tendency increases with the zirconia addition in slag melt, as it may be thought that the addition solubility is limited in molten slag and the solid particles act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Three types of crystal morphologies were observed, corresponding to different crystallization mechanisms. CaSiO3 and Ca3Si2O7 precipitate in the slag with low basicity, and Ca2SiO4 was formed with increasing basicity. The addition of TiO2 promotes the precipitation of CaTiO3. The logarithm of crystal growth rate increased with increasing isothermal temperature, suggesting that the crystal/melt interface reaction is the controlling step in the present experiment.     

Effect of Boron Mud and CaF2 on Surface Tension and Density of CaO-SiO2-B2O3 Ternary Slag Systems

The effect of boron mud and CaF2,which were used as fluxing agents,on surface tension and density of CaO-SiO2-B2O3 ternary slag systems was investigated.The surface tension and density were measured by using the ring detachment method and Archimedean method,respectively.The results indicated that surface tension and density of the slag systems decreased with increasing temperature in the range of 1380-1480℃.When 5%-10% CaF2 was employed as fluxing agent,the surface tension and density of slag were decreased with increasing CaF2 content,and the surface tension changed from 0.3to 0.6N/m,while the density changed from 3.4to 4.1g/cm3.However,when using 5%-10%boron mud as fluxing agent,the surface tension was enhanced,whereas the density decreased with the increase of boron mud content,and the variation range was 0.4-0.6N/m for surface tension and 3.2-3.9g/cm3 for the density.As a conclusion,using boron mud as fluxing agent to substitute for CaF2 did not cause significant changes in slag surface tension and density.     

Phosphorous Enrichment in Molten Adjusted Converter Slag：Part II Enrichment Behavior of Phosphorus in CaO-SiO_2-FeO_x-P_2O_5 Molten Slag

 The enrichment behavior of phosphorus in CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 slag was studied by making an investigation on the distribution of phosphorous content in the CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 molten slag. The research results showed that the 2CaO·SiO2 solid particles existing in molten slag were the condensation sites for the phosphorus enrichment. The enrichment process of phosphorus in the molten slag can be recognized as three substeps: mass transfer of phosphorus from bulk slag to the surface of 2CaO·SiO2 particle, superficial solid solution reaction of phosphorus around the 2CaO·SiO2 particle, and diffusion of phosphorus through the product layer of 2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution to the inner of 2CaO·SiO2 particle. Moreover, higher temperature is favorable to the phosphorous enrichment from molten bulk slag to the 2CaO·SiO2 particles.     

Characteristics and Mechanism of Reduction and Smelting-separation Process of Copper Slag

The characteristics and mechanism of the reduction and smelting-separation process of the copper slag were studied by investigating the variation rule of metallization ratio,yield as well as carbon content of iron nuggets.The formation of molten slag is necessary for slag-iron separation,and iron is in half-molten state during smelting-separation process,the carbon content of which is about 1.25%.Carburization occurs through direct contact between carbon and iron in essence,no matter in solid or molten state.The carburization rate is slow below 1 200 ℃,which is inhibited by the existence of slag.Residual FeO in molten slag tends to form fayalite with SiO2 in the copper slag,which is the root cause for the low melting temperature of copper slag.The addition of CaO improves the reducibility of the copper slag,but Al2O3 addition has no obvious effect.The melting temperature of slag affects the carburization extent in solid state,while the content of FeO in molten slag affects that in molten state,both of which co-determine the carbon content in iron nuggets.     

Desulfurization Characteristics of CaO-SiO2-BaO-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO Refining Slag

The desulfurizationcapability,as one of the mosti m-portant indexes of refining slag,has great influence onquality of steel.Desulfurization of molten steel with refi-ning slags has become a focal problemconcerned all overthe world[1-4].However,there weref…     

Slag for Decopperization and Sulphur Control in Molten Steel

 Decopperization in molten steel with FeS Na2S slag was investigated in the laboratory. It was found that with an increase in FeS content of the FeS Na2S slag, the decopperization ratio increased. The decopperization ratio could reach the maximum of 716% in hot metal. The decopperization ratio was closely related to the carbon content, and the higher the carbon content, the higher was the decopperization ratio. Sulphur addition was found in the process of decopperization, and the increase in sulphur content of molten steel was about 02%-042%. However, by adding 30%-50% of BaO to the FeS Na2S slag, the addition of sulfur content in molten steel could be reduced by about 50%. The finer slag system composition was FeS∶Na2S∶BaO=40∶20∶40.     

Wettability of Molten Steel／Na2O-Li2O-SiO2-B2O3 Slag System

Thewettability phenomenonbetweenmoltensteelandmetallurgicalslagisoneofthemostimpor tantsubjectsinsteelmakingprocess.Theformationofsteel slagemulsions ,andtheformationandelimina tionofnon metallicinclusionsinsteelaretypicalex amples.Theinterfacialtensionan…     

Study of Interfacial Tension between Molten Steel and Na_2O-Li_2O-SiO_ 2-B_2O_3 Slag

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w(SiO2)/w(V2O3)对含钒炉渣熔化温度及黏度的影响

摘要：为了对转炉提钒冶炼过程含钒炉渣熔化和流动性进行合理的控制，采用半球点法和内旋转黏度法分别测试了含钒炉渣熔化温度和黏度，采用XRD测试了含钒炉渣的物相，并采用综合碱度（BI′）反映渣中酸碱氧化物平衡关系。结果表明，在FeO质量分数一定的条件下，随着w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）增大，综合碱度由BI′>1单调下降至BI′<1，含钒炉渣熔化温度先降低后升高；随着FeO质量分数的增加，熔化温度最低点对应的w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）增大。随着w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）增大，黏度随温度变化的趋势变缓，高温熔融态含钒炉渣黏度增大，低温阶段黏度减小。综合考虑黏度对钢渣界面反应和钒渣流失的影响，FeO质量分数为44%时含钒炉渣w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）应控制为0.7。     

CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO渣系物相组成的热力学计算

摘要：在含铬铁水转炉冶炼过程中,Cr很容易被氧化成Cr2O3进入渣中,并与渣中其他成分反应生成高熔点含铬尖晶石。采用FactSage热力学软件计算了CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO转炉渣系在冶炼温度1300～1700℃下的物相组成,研究了Cr2O3、FeO和碱度对炉渣中尖晶石相含量的影响规律。研究结果表明,温度和渣系成分都会影响炉渣的物相组成。渣系中含有Cr2O3时,物相中均含有MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4和MgFe2O4尖晶石相,尖晶石相的总含量随着Cr2O3和碱度的增加而增加,随着炉温的升高而减少。温度为1300～1500℃时,炉渣中尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而增加;温度为1500～1700℃时,尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而略有减少。在温度小于1500℃的转炉冶炼前中期,炉渣物相组成中尖晶石相所占比例较大,易造成化渣不良或者炉渣粘稠,影响转炉冶炼工艺的顺行。     

Na2O对高磷硅锰合金脱磷的影响

 为研究碱性渣中添加Na2O对硅锰合金脱磷的影响,在1 400 ℃,采用含有少量Na2O的CaO-SiO2-CaF2碱性渣对[w(P)]为0.95%的高磷硅锰合金进行了脱磷热力学试验。重点研究了渣中添加Na2O对渣金间磷分配比[(LP)、]磷容量[(CP)]以及Na2O替代CaO时渣系碱度对磷分配比的影响。研究结果表明,脱磷渣的磷分配比和磷容量随[w(Na2O)]的增加而增加,当终渣中[w(Na2O)]大于1.75%时,磷分配比和磷容量基本保持不变。随着Na2O替代CaO质量分数的增加,磷分配比逐渐增加;当Na2O替代CaO的量超过3.19%时,渣中的[O2－]浓度达到饱和,磷分配比基本保持不变。     

Novel Approach to Studying Influences of Na2O and K2O Additions on Viscosity and Thermodynamic Properties of BF Slags

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The present work calculated the heat capacity, enthalpy change, and slag temperature of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags after adding Na2O or...     

硫容量模型和在五元渣系CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 FetO中的应用

 硫容量和硫平衡分配比是衡量炼钢过程中渣系脱硫能力的重要指标。通过光学碱度模型和KTH模型计算了五元渣系CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 FetO的硫容量,并与文献的实验测定值进行了比较。结果表明用KTH模型计算的硫容量比用光学碱度模型计算的硫容量更接近实验值,因此KTH模型可用来预测不同组元渣系的硫容量。还详细研究了硫容量和硫平衡分配比的影响因素,结果表明硫容量随炉渣碱度和温度的增加而增加,硫平衡分配比随着钢液中铝、碳、硅含量的增加而增加。     

Al2O3和Na2O对高磷铁水脱磷的影响

 在1350℃,采用无氟CaO-FetO-SiO2渣系,以少量Na2O和Al2O3作助熔剂,对磷含量0.42%(质量分数,下同)的铁水进行了脱磷热力学试验。 结果表明：Na2O和Al2O3含量分别为0.7%~3.1%和2.5%~7.9%时,脱磷率为81.4%~90.7%,lgLP为1.50~1.92,lgγP2O5在-15.6~-16.6之间,lgCP为19.9~20.5。脱磷率、lgLP和lgCP 随Na2O含量的增加而增加。lgγP2O5随Na2O含量的增加而降低。Al2O3对脱磷效果的影响与Na2O正好相反。采用半球点法对CaO-Fe2O3-Na2O-Al2O3无氟脱磷剂进行了熔点测试。 发现以Na2O和Al2O3作助熔剂均可使脱磷剂熔点降至1200℃以下,满足高磷铁水转炉脱磷温度要求。     

Al2O3对酒钢低铝渣黏度的影响及热力学分析

为进一步分析Al2O3含量对低铝渣黏度的影响,以酒钢高炉渣成分为基础,通过试验和FactSage热力学软件分别研究了不同Al2O3含量炉渣的黏度、液相线温度、活度和冷却结晶过程的物相变化。结果表明,在本试验的低铝渣范围内,随Al2O3含量增加,炉渣黏度增大,在1 450 ℃以上黏度低于0.45 Pa·s,炉渣流动性和稳定性良好。Al2O3活度随Al2O3含量的增加而增大,相反,SiO2活度降低也证明炉渣聚合度的增大。炉渣的冷却结晶过程则表明,在液相线温度以上时,炉渣黏度主要与炉渣结构的复杂程度有关;在液相线温度以下时,黏度受液相炉渣结构和固相颗粒含量的共同影响。