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1.
Both European and Asian historical records report that Jesuits were at the origin of enamelling technology transfers from France (and Italy) to Asia at the 17th–18th century turn. A mobile Raman set-up equipped with a high magnification (×200) microscope objective with long working distance is used to identify the use of European (arsenic-rich) cobalt in 17th and 18th century porcelains: twenty soft-paste porcelains from Rouen (L. Poterat’ Factory), Saint-Cloud, Paris (Pavie’, Hébert’, Chicanneau’, and Bellevaux’ factories), Lille, Mennecy, and Vincennes factories, of which almost all were produced before 1750, belonging to the Cité de la Céramique Collection (formerly Musée national de Céramique, Sèvres), have been analysed in order to get a more representative view of the type of cobalt ore used. A large proportion of blue decors exhibit signs of lead arsenate, even for productions after ~ 1750, which proves the wilful interest given to arsenic phases in magnifying blue hues. Different lead arsenate signatures are observed, one assigned to the product of reaction of As-rich cobalt ore with lead-based glaze and another characteristic of added arsenic. At least two groups of glaze are identified: a lead-rich one and a mixed lead-alkali glaze. Porcelains made during the second half of the 18th century exhibit the very strong As-O modes characteristic of the voluntary addition of a lead-arsenate forming compound. Comparisons are made with Qing Chinese productions exhibiting similar Raman signatures and expected to have benefited from transfers of technologies.  相似文献   

2.
Twenty‐one glazed red stoneware objects, with gilded or gold‐painted decor from different collections (Cité de la Céramique, Sèvres, France; Art Institute of Chicago, USA; a private collection) attributed to 18th century Böttger, Meissen (Saxony) have been analyzed with a portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and portable or fixed Raman micro‐spectrometer in laboratory/museum/collector rooms. Analysis was aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the technology of production of the gilding and black glaze, to augment what is known from the limited literature. Three different techniques to obtain a golden décor emerged as a result of this study: (i) a true gilding with gold, (ii) gold with mercury, and (iii) an alloy of copper and zinc.  相似文献   

3.
Ceramic pigments with the structures of diopside and anorthite are obtained from natural wollastonite. It is demonstrated that the reactions of synthesis of diopside structure occur in several stages with formation of intermediate products. Mineralizing additives are required for a more complete phase formation of the anorthite structure. The obtained pigments have a vivid color and can be used to decorate porcelain, faience, and majolica products. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 2, pp. 18 – 20, February, 1999.  相似文献   

4.
A selection of 50 red stoneware objects, polished, unpolished, partially polished or glazed, from different collections (Département du Patrimoine et des Collections de la Cité de la Céramique, Sèvres, France; Art Institute of Chicago; a private collection), attributed to 18th century Böttger, 20th century Meissen (Saxony) and Chinese productions have been analyzed with a portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer in museum/collector rooms. The comparison of major (Si, Al), minor (K,Ca,Fe), and trace (Ti, Mn, Zr, Rb, Sr) element ratios was made to assist with the classification of the different artifacts as a function of their production technology and raw materials. The results are discussed in light of historical reports on the characteristics of Böttger production and criteria of identification are proposed to distinguish between “classical” Böttger (early 18th century) and other productions.  相似文献   

5.
A technology of industrial decoration of majolica, faience, porcelain, and pottery using polymer-powder pigments is developed and implemented. The technological schemes of single-color and multi-color decoration of ceramics using such pigments are considered. Polymer-powder pigments can be used to decorate a wide range of ceramic products using an energy-saving technology. Two decoration technologies can be combined in the following order: glazing – polymer-powder decoration.  相似文献   

6.
Results for wollastonite from the Koitashskoe deposit used as a component for manufacturing faience and porcelain products, glazes, and refractory materials are presented. The use of wollastonite gives a positive economic effect, which is seen in the reduction of energy costs and rejection rate, and in the replacement of expensive or not readily available materials without impairment of product quality.  相似文献   

7.
In the present work, the possibility of transferring in the ceramic tiles production the know-how developed in the field of the paints by using the Kubelka–Munk theory, in the form used for opaque surface coatings, have been evaluated. Five different target colors have been chosen as target and tried to reproduce with an industrial glaze in a cycle for fine porcelain stoneware tiles. Four industrial pigments have been chosen as basic stains for the formulations. The results show a good efficiency of the color matching algorithm applied to pigments for glazes for fine porcelain stoneware tiles. All the formulations, in fact, have allowed to obtain a value of ΔE* lower to the accepted limit.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this work was to design a transparent glaze for matching single-crystalline anorthite porcelain. Excessive amounts of quartz were used in glaze to improve surface hardness. Technological properties including hardness and thermal shock resistance were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were also carried out to analyze the microstructure. The phases found in glaze were aluminosilicate glass, quartz and cristobalite crystals. The Vickers hardness of the transparent glaze was about 2.48 GPa, which was much higher than that of commercial soft glaze and was close to hard porcelain glaze due to forming dispersed crystal particles (quartz and cristobalite) in the glass matrix. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze was slightly lower than that of porcelain body which was easy to produce compressive stress in glaze surface to increase the strength of porcelain. And no cracks were observed on glaze surface after heat exchange three times from 220 °C to 25 °C, presenting excellent thermal shock resistance.  相似文献   

9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):1673-1681
Shards of Blue-and-White Ming porcelain from shipwrecks of Portuguese ships found on the coasts of South Africa plus a shard from Mombasa (Kenya) were analyzed by optical microscopy, SEM-EDS and Raman microspectroscopy (458 nm). Whereas the Raman signature of porcelain body paste compositions which are based on mullite, quartz and an amorphous phase with the minor presence of anatase and feldspar are very comparable whatever the variable alumina content, at least two types of glazes are observed: a high-temperature soda-potassium glaze, and glazes richer in calcium and similar to a celadon glaze (with the possibility of wollastonite formation). The blue decoration is obtained with a material rich in manganese typical of the Ming productions. Some shards exhibit a two-layer glaze and the blue decoration is either placed under-glaze, or in-glaze as found in the Vietnamese productions of the same period. Previous assignments of the Raman signature of feldspar to cobalt aluminate are now not favoured (blue colour is obtained with Co2+ ions dissolved in the glassy silicate) and several black spots exhibit the characteristic spectrum of an epsilon Fe2O3 phase being present.  相似文献   

10.
A Raman study of a Sèvres soft paste (frit) porcelain plate allowed the identification of both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Cristobalite and pseudowollastonite gave main Raman signatures in the body where also tridymite, amorphous alkali silicate glass and lead arsenate apatite were detected. Na0.4K0.1Ca0.5Pb4(AsO4)3 lacunar apatite is identified as opacifier in blue and green overglaze enamel. Pb-Sb-reach pyrochlore (Naples Yellow) pigment was found in yellow and green overglaze enamels. The orange hue is obtained by superposing a hematite bearing red paint stroke over the yellow. These results are compared to those previously obtained by detailed OM, SEM, XRD and XRF analyses. Some of the phases identified by XRD (quartz, tridymite) are hardly detected by Raman and vice versa cristobalite was not found by XRD, most probably due to its low amount.  相似文献   

11.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(23):32817-32827
Black glaze and brown glaze porcelains were an important part of ancient Chinese iron-based high temperature glazes. The excavation of black glaze and brown glaze porcelains from the Yuan and Ming dynasties at the Qingliang Temple kiln site in Baofeng, Henan, China, in 2014, enriched the firing history of this kiln site and history of Chinese ceramics. In this study, black glaze and brown glaze porcelain samples from the Qingliang Temple kiln site from the Yuan and Ming dynasties were selected and analysed via optical microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy combined with EDS and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to determine their microscopic morphology, microzone composition, microstructure and chemical composition. Moreover, the main wavelength range of the brown glaze porcelain samples were measured by UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer systems. The main conclusions of this study are as follows. The brown glaze porcelain from the Yuan and Ming dynasties at the Qingliang Temple kiln site has two different colour layers, with the surface is brown and the bottom is black. The presence of a glass phase and α-Fe2O3 phase in the black glaze porcelain samples, and a rare ε-Fe2O3 phase in the brown glaze porcelain samples. The brown colour was a result of ε-Fe2O3 precipitation, whilst the black base layer also enhanced the brown-colouring effect. Different glaze formulations were used for brown glazed porcelain, some of which were similar to those used for black glaze porcelain and derived from the transformation of black glaze porcelain through different firing atmospheres and cooling rates. Although the formula of the brown glaze porcelain samples exhibited differences, the main wavelength difference was not large, was within the 645–682 nm range and belonged to the visible red region.  相似文献   

12.
The basic trends in production of ceramic pigments based on silicates of different crystal structure are examined. The features of synthesis of the pigments and formation of chromophore phases are demonstrated. The use of natural silicate and aluminosilicate materials will allow expanding the raw materials base, reduce the temperature of synthesis, and produce pigments of a broader palette for decorating porcelain and faience articles.  相似文献   

13.
The French manufacture of Sèvres, famous for its production of fine porcelain artifacts, has been synthesizing pink pigments mainly composed of the spinel phase ZnAl2?xCrxO4 with x varying from 0.25 to 0.41 since the middle of the 19th century. This kind of pigment is mixed with an uncolored frit to obtain decorations for porcelain artifacts. However, the pink color of the pigment is altered in a particular uncolored frit and a brownish color appears. The mechanism of this color change was investigated. Observations under a scanning electron microscope revealed the formation of a phase rich in Cr resulting from reactions between the uncolored frit and the pigment during firing. X‐ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinements and X‐ray absorption near edge structure measurements at the Cr K‐edge showed that the new formed phase belongs to the same spinel phase ZnAl2?xCrxO4 than the pigment, but with a higher Cr content x. We showed that its formation and thus the stability of the pigment is driven by the Al content in the uncolored frit.  相似文献   

14.
秦颍  陈茜  李小莉  陈千万 《硅酸盐学报》2012,40(4):567-568,569,570,576
运用显微观察、X射线衍射物相分析、X射线荧光分析成分测试和烧成实验等手段,对湖北枣阳郭家庙曾国墓地出土"石英珠"(釉砂)胎体及表面釉层进行了分析,以研究其烧制工艺。结果表明:这些"石英珠"是选用粉碎过的纯石英作原料,掺和少量黏合剂等塑型后,表面施以低铁的黏土与石灰或草木灰及含铜着色物混合配制的釉料(类似原始瓷的上釉工艺),置于窑炉中烧制而成的釉砂;实验模拟了其可能的制作工艺。  相似文献   

15.
《Ceramics International》2015,41(4):5505-5512
Hard porcelain body with wollastonite additive was produced by the slip casting method using quartz, potassium feldspar and kaolin raw materials. Wollastonite powders were added to the porcelain formulation by replacing the potassium feldspar up to 5 wt% to explore its effect on the sintering behaviour and also technological properties of as sintered end products. By means of rheological behaviour optimization of ceramic suspensions using several dispersants and sintering enhancement by wollastonite addition, hard porcelain of higher strength at lower firing temperature was obtained. By studying the effect of the additive concentration, on the firing temperatures of the hard porcelain, it is found that reducing firing temperature 25 °C without compromising its quality and thereby producing energy saving was achieved by 1 wt% wollastonite addition.  相似文献   

16.
Mi-se porcelain provided a step change in the history of Chinese porcelain making and influenced kiln production of later generations as well as the aesthetic orientation of society. This work compares the microstructure of ordinary Yue celadon and Mi-se porcelain. The Mi-se porcelain glaze was found to be simpler and more uniform than ordinary Yue celadon, with only some bubbles existing in the glaze. Compared with ordinary Yue celadon, the residual quartz and pores in the Mi-se porcelain body were smaller. Mi-se porcelain production is more standardized than ordinary Yue celadon. The presence of calcium phosphate in the glaze indicates that grass wood ash was used in the Yue kiln. Our research confirms that Mi-se porcelain was not the best porcelain as selected from the Yue kiln products, but it is a type of celadon that was specially fired using fine raw material processing and certain firing techniques.  相似文献   

17.
铜红釉是以含铜物质为着色剂,在还原条件下烧制出的红色釉,彻底改变了以往青釉类瓷器的单色格局.铜红釉在不同时代根据当时的技术发展出了不同的种类,主要包括钧红、祭红、郞窑红等.本文根据铜红釉在各个时代不同的技术梳理其发展脉络,并对其特征进行阐述.  相似文献   

18.
高雅春  耿谦 《陶瓷》2003,(5):24-26
针对釉层龟裂缺陷,探讨了釉应力与瓷坯残余石英量、釉层厚度及热稳定性的相互关系与规律。希望能对实际生产具有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

19.
《Ceramics International》2016,42(14):15349-15357
Reduction of metal precursors within the molten glaze is a rather complex route to obtain coloured glaze. “Sang de bœuf”, “pigeon blood” or “flammé” first discovered glazes by the Chinese potters of the Song Dynasty (10th c.) are produced by atmosphere controlled firing of copper-containing glaze on porcelain and stoneware body. Lustre pottery, an Abbasid potters’ innovation (9th c.), offers to the eyes of the connoisseur an iridescent reflection, which is only visible at specular position. For centuries connoisseurs’ interest in these objects has been continuous and the development of transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) associated with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) allows us an in depth study of the micro and nano-structure of these objects. A porcelain with red “pigeon blood” decor made by the late famous French-American potter Fance Franck, and lustre stonewares made by the French potter Eva Haudum, have been investigated by TEM-EDX and nanochemical analysis in order to better understand the key parameters controlling the microstructure and the colour of glazes. Although some authors assigned the red colour of pigeon-blood to Cu2O, our results clearly demonstrate that the colour only arises from Cu° nanoparticles. Phase separation of the glassy phase was observed close to the surface. Concerning the lustrewares, analysis confirmed that the alternating reducing and oxidising conditions during the firing lead well to the formation of metal-free/metal-rich alternate layers in the lustre decor.  相似文献   

20.
沈毅  顾大海 《中国陶瓷》2000,36(6):10-11
以建筑陶瓷所用普通熔块为基础釉,通过加硅灰石、石英、Y2O3、烧滑石、苏州土,长石等生料,从而研制出一种适合于等静压成型骨质瓷用的高白度、高光泽度釉料。  相似文献   

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