低热值C2H4-AIR-N2预混气体在多孔介质内的燃烧特性研究

利用自行设计的多孔介质实验台,对C_2H_4-AIR-N_2预混气体在多孔介质燃烧器内的燃烧特性进行了实验研究,分析燃料当量比、预混气体流速以及N_2稀释比对预混气体的可燃极限、火焰传播方向、火焰温度分布以及污染物排放的影响。研究表明:随着稀释比的上升,预混气体的可燃极限范围缩小,火焰向上游传播的工况逐渐减少;燃烧器内最高火焰温度与当量比以及气体流速正相关,与稀释比负相关;CO的排放量随着稀释比的上升而增加,与当量比以及气体流速负相关;实验中的NO排放量小于20 mg/m~3。     

惰性多孔介质中预混燃烧的研究进展

预混气体在惰性多孔介质中的燃烧具有燃烧速度快、燃烧效率高、温度分布均匀、贫燃极限宽、节约能源、污染物排放低等优点。介绍了惰性多孔介质中预混气体单向流动燃烧和往复流动燃烧的原理和特点,详述了火焰传播与驻定的机理,以及火焰传播中的不稳定现象,分析了影响火焰传播的因素,讨论了数值模拟中的物理模型、控制方程、边界条件、反应机理和求解方法,回顾了预混气体多孔介质燃烧技术的应用情况,分析指出了有待进一步研究的问题。     

有序堆积床内预混气体燃烧特性实验研究

为研究预混气体在多孔介质燃烧器中的火焰燃烧特性,设计了一种新型多孔介质燃烧器,其中多孔介质区域由氧化铝圆柱体有序堆积而成.分别研究了当量比和入口速度对甲烷/空气预混气体在多孔介质燃烧器中的火焰温度分布、火焰最高温度以及火焰传播速度的影响.结果 表明:在当量比0.162～0.324、入口速度0.287～0.860 m/s...     

预混火焰热声振荡的高速摄像分析

对多孔介质稳焰机理以及预混火焰发生动力学失稳的原因进行了理论分析,并利用振动噪声分析仪和高速摄像仪研究了贫燃、贫氧预混火焰发生热声不稳定时燃烧室内的声压振荡特性及火焰热释放的脉动规律.当化学当量比Φ≥1.24时,贫氧预混火焰因连续点火源消失而发生动力学失稳;当Φ≤0.80时,贫燃预混火焰则因预混可燃气流速与火焰传播速度...     

多孔泡沫陶瓷中预混火焰燃烧速率的试验研究

本文对在多孔泡沫陶瓷中的甲烷／空气预混燃烧的燃速特性进行了实验研究，用一专用燃烧器对两种材质不同孔径尺寸的多孔介质分别测定了它们的预混燃烧速率。所得结果表明，其燃速与层流无多孔介质的自由火焰相比有显著的提高，并且受到材质和孔径大小的影响。同时，当量皆可燃稳定上下界限也有相应扩大。     

封闭矩形直管内的天然气/空气预混火焰传播

采用高速-纹影摄像和压力测试技术,对不同当量比的天然气/空气预混火焰结构、传播速度特性以及压力特性开展了实验研究.分析了预混火焰传播过程及Tulip火焰形成机理,并与同等条件下甲烷/空气预混燃烧过程进行了对比.结果表明,当量比对预混火焰传播有重要影响,直接表现在火焰结构变化、形状演化和传播速度等方面;Tulip火焰的形成伴随着火焰传播速度的骤降;二元可燃气体中加入活性较强的气体组分,将加快火焰传播速度,危险性更大.     

热厚材料表面的近极限火焰传播特性

利用窄通道实验系统对低速气流中聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)平板表面逆风传播火焰的熄灭极限和传播速度进行了研究,主要实验参数为气流速度(≤10,cm/s)和氧气体积分数(≤50%,).实验发现,当气流速度和氧气体积分数接近火焰熄灭边界时,连续火焰分裂成为独立的、可稳定传播的小火焰,该现象的存在使材料的可燃范围扩大到连续火焰边界之外.分析表明,经典的热区火焰传播理论不能很好地预测火焰在低速流动中的传播速度,其偏差随着气流速度和氧气体积分数的减小而增大.     

室内可燃气体泄漏过程中的着火与火焰蔓延

采用小尺度箱体及液化石油气模拟室内燃气泄漏的条件,通过电火花点火,实验研究了在燃气泄漏过程中的着火与火焰蔓延的现象与规律.实验结果表明,火焰首先在燃料燃烧的浓限和稀限之间的可燃区域传播,并且在化学恰当比附近区域的传播速度最大,因此燃气的动态浓度场决定了火焰蔓延的形状.并表明可燃区域是一个逐渐发展的区域,最终其高度与窗沿高度相当,在此区域内点火最容易成功,因此是气体燃料泄漏后发生火灾的最危险的区域.实验结果还揭示了在火焰蔓延过程中,存在着由火焰面推进传播向空间整体燃烧过渡的现象.     

多孔介质中预混火焰猝熄及自稳定性研究

分析了多孔介质中预混火焰的猝熄效应,试验测定了一系列工况下泡沫陶瓷的猝熄直径和自稳定范围,为多孔介质燃烧器的开发设计提供了依据。通过分析发现,猝熄直径受到多个参数的影响,包括：混合气体的流速u、预混气体的层流火焰传播速度SL、燃烧室空管Re、预混气体的导温系数a、当量比φ以及多孔介质固体温度Ts。通过对多孔介质中燃烧的自稳定性试验研究,发现了多孔介质燃烧器中火焰稳定极限(吹脱极限和回火极限)与多孔介质平均孔径和气流速度及燃烧当量比的关系。     

随机堆积床内过滤燃烧特性的实验研究

本文提出了一种可视化燃烧室,用于对3种尺寸的随机堆积结构开展过滤燃烧实验,该结构分别由直径为5,10,15 mm的氧化铝颗粒堆积而成。通过搭建燃烧平台,研究了不同颗粒直径堆积床中火焰的燃烧波高度、火焰传播速度、火焰温度及排放特性。结果表明：在可燃工况下,颗粒直径5 mm堆积床中火焰最高温度随火焰传播过程减小,火焰传播速度变快;而在颗粒直径10和15 mm堆积床中火焰最高温度随火焰传播过程增大,火焰传播速度变慢。     

Combustion and flame spread on fuel-soaked porous solids

Fires caused by accidental spillage of flammable liquids have been a major safety concern in industries and urban areas. There has been a recent surge of interest in the research concerning the combustion and flame spread over an inert porous media soaked with flammable liquid. This interest has been driven by the need to better understand fire and its behaviour under these conditions and improve the relevant fire safety and prevention technologies. A review of key studies in this subject area has been conducted and summarised, focussing mainly on the theory plus a notable experimental findings about combustion and the flame spread phenomena of fuel-soaked porous media. The review covers topics such as flame spread behaviour, physical flame propagation aspects, heat transfer, temperature distribution; and fuel consumption over inert porous media. The review concludes with some practical safety and environmental considerations for decontamination of land soaked with flammable liquid.     

Flame spread behaviour of blended fuel droplet array

Experimental investigation of the effect of blended fuel on flame spread along droplet array has been conducted. Flame spread rate is measured using high‐speed chemiluminescence images of an OH radical. The flame spread is observed with the initial droplet diameter, droplet spacing, and the mixing ratio of n‐heptane and n‐hexadecane. The mode of flame spread is categorized into two types: a continuous mode and an intermittent one. It is seen that flame spread rate is sensitively dependent on the relative flame position to droplet spacing. For a large droplet, the flame spread time is governed by a volatile fuel (heptane), but for a small droplet, it is controlled by a less volatile fuel (hexadecane). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flame spread over aviation kerosene with an obstacle in liquid phase

The phenomena of flame spread over aviation kerosene with an obstacle in liquid phase are investigated experimentally through surface temperature measurement by using infrared camera,schlieren images of subsurface flow in front of and behind obstacle and residence time of flame obtained from video recording.Experimental results reveal that obstacle has no effect on gas phase controlled flame spread.But for liquid phase controlled flame spread,flame can be stopped by an obstacle with its top edge flush with oil surface,and the residence time decreases with the increase of initial temperature of fuel.That conduction and radiation only play a subsidiary role in flame spread over liquid fuel was proved by schlieren images and surface temperature profiles.     

钝体绕流及其燃烧特性的研究

在火灾中常见到一些钝体可燃物，与迎风面相比，其北风面烧毁的程度要严重得多，以及仅在背风面有过火痕迹等燃烧现象，如森林火灾中的树干，建筑火灾中的柱体也有类似问题本文针对这些火灾特性，进行了钝体绕流及其燃烧特性的实验和计算机模拟研究，并对这一现象进行了分析。     

预混气体在多孔介质中往复流动下超绝热燃烧的理论探讨

预混合气在多孔介质中往复流动下的超绝热燃烧技术(简称RSCP)被称为划时代的燃烧技术，文章探讨了RSCP燃烧器的工作原理，全面阐述了多孔介质和换向装置在其中的作用；从能量守恒定理出发，通过数学分析给出了超绝热火焰产生的理论依据，提出超绝热现象是多孔介质中积累的热量的热传播波与混合气燃烧时的燃烧波叠加的结果。     

预混气体在多孔介质中往复式超绝热燃烧的数值研究

根据气、固两相局部非热平衡假设,建立了RSCP系统的二维非稳态数学模型,对于固体能量方程中的辐射源项采用辐射传递的有限体积法求解,研究了当量比、换向半周期、混合气流速对温度分布、辐射热流量和放热率的影响,考察了最高温升和可燃极限与这些参数之间的关联．研究表明,燃烧室内温度呈梯形分布,高温区较宽;气体的最高温度明显高于绝热火焰温度;贫可燃极限显著扩展,对提高燃烧效率和节约能源有重要作用。     

生物质炭催化裂解焦油的性能研究

采用管式反应器研究了生物质炭作为焦油裂解催化剂的性能,选用白云石和石英砂作对比试验。通过对焦油转换率、裂解产物、裂解气气体组分和动力学参数的分析对比可知:在所选用的3种材料中,生物质炭作为催化剂的焦油转化率最高,裂解产物中气体所占比重最大,且可燃气体的组分较高,反应动力学参数最小。生物质炭的催化性能显著高于石英砂,稍好于白云石,是一种高效的焦油裂解催化剂。     

On a porous medium combustor for hydrogen flame stabilization and operation

In this study, the characteristics of hydrogen flame stabilization in porous medium combustor were investigated. The flame was observed in a quartz tube. The porous medium was oxide-bonded silicon carbide (OB-SiC) or aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) with 60 PPI and 30 PPI pore size distributions. The results indicated that under a low equivalence operation, the flame would transform from surface combustion to interior combustion with an increased heating value. Under a high equivalence ratio, both interior combustion and flashback transition existed at the same time. The thermal conductivity of silicon carbide is higher than that of aluminum oxide. Thus, interior combustion region was more extensive under a low equivalence ratio operation with a high premixed gas velocity. Flashback was apparent for Al₂O₃ under high an equivalence ratio with low a premixed gas velocity. Consequently, hydrogen flame stability could be controlled by the pore size distribution and thermal conductivity of the porous media, input heating value and input equivalence ratio.     

Propagation and extinction mechanisms of opposed-flow flame spread over PMMA for different sample orientations

To understand the propagation and the extinction mechanisms of flame spreading along a combustible solid, opposed-flow flame spread along a thick slab of PMMA was experimentally investigated for four different sample orientation angles from 0° (horizontal) to −180° (ceiling flame spread) in several airflow rates. The detailed temperature distribution in the condensed phase during flame spread was measured using holographic interferometry (HI) and infrared thermography (IR). The particle-track laser sheet (PTLS) technique was employed to measure the local entrainment velocity to the flame front at the leading edge. This study found that a flame spread rate with a constant speed is proportional to the net total heat transfer rate. The heat transfer rate from the gas phase, Qy, is about 60% of the total heat transfer rate, QT, under the no-imposed-flow horizontal flame spread condition (). However, the heat transfer rate through the condensed phase, Qx, increases with increasing airflow above 80% of QT near the extinction limit. The radiative heat loss from the surface, QR, increases with increasing opposed-flow rate and reaches a maximum of 13% of QT at , while the heat transfer rate in ceiling flame spread is different than in horizontal or downward flame spread under nonopposed and slow-opposed flow conditions. The Qy in nonopposed flow ceiling flame spread is double that in horizontal flame spread, and is 85% of QT. Despite adequate heat feedback to the condensed phase near the flame leading edge, the flame spread rate decreases rapidly as it approaches the extinction limit. In order to interpret the absence of flame spread or the extinction mechanism, we introduce the Damköhler number including the local air entrainment velocity and the burning rate at finite flame thickness. PTLS showed that the local entrainment velocity at the flame leading edge increased the opposed-flow rate. This leads to a decrease in the Damköhler number. When the Damköhler number reaches a critical value (at most <1), the flame cannot spread, retreats, and then is finally extinguished.     

Interactions for flames in a coaxial flow with a stagnation point

The possible burning structures existing in two co-flowing combustible mixtures with different compositions, and their implications to the field of turbulent combustion are examined in this study. A coaxial burner with a quartz plate was used to experimentally investigate the flames of methane/air and propane/air mixtures propagating in a coaxial flow impinging onto a stagnation surface. The possible burning structures were observed to be: (1) a single-flame (a lean or rich premixed flame); (2) a double-flame (two lean or rich premixed flames, or a rich premixed flame and a diffusion flame); and (3) a triple-flame (a rich premixed flame, a diffusion flame and a lean premixed flame). An inner (or outer) mixture, far beyond the flammability limit, can still burn if a stronger outer (or inner) flame supports it. The extinction limit of the top part of the inner hat-shaped premixed flame is nearly independent of the burning intensity of the outer flame. It was found that the inner flame has a wider flammable region than the outer flame, and that the latter has a narrower flashback region than the former. Both propane and methane flames may exhibit flame-front instability, although the former displays much more clearly than the latter. Cellular and polyhedral instabilities can exist individually or appear simultaneously in the inner flame. However, only polyhedral (stripped-pattern) instability was observed in the outer flame. Finally, the experiments were analyzed theoretically using a simple geometrical model incorporated with the numerical simulations. The predicted shapes and locations of the flames are in good agreement with the experimental observations qualitatively.