基于惯性系的旋转式惯导系统快速对准算法

针对船舶大幅角晃动和线运动等复杂干扰,导致旋转式捷联惯导系统初始对准性能下降的问题,设计了基于惯性系的旋转式捷联惯导系统快速初始对准算法.针对旋转式捷联惯导系统的误差特性,设计了基于惯性系的粗对准方案;并提出了一种改进的罗经对准算法,达到缩短对准时间和提高对准精度的目的.仿真实验证明:该方法可以实现快速初始对准,7 min航向精度达到1.35′.     

单轴旋转SINS惯性系对准方法研究

针对复杂情况下车载捷联惯导初始对准抗干扰能力差,对准精度不高的问题,提出一种基于单轴连续旋转调制的惯性系初始对准方法。阐述了单轴连续旋转捷联惯导初始对准的误差抑制原理,利用惯性凝固思想建立了惯性系双矢量对准模型,进一步利用惯性系多矢量定姿方法结合旋转调制实现初始对准。通过仿真及设备实验验证,单轴连续旋转调制能够有效抑制惯性器件误差,提高对准精度,惯性系多矢量定姿方法相比于双矢量定姿方法能够更加充分利用测量矢量信息,抑制外界干扰,提高对准性能。     

小波域阈值滤波在基于惯性系对准中的应用

当对准环境中存在不确定的角晃动和线振动干扰时,针对直接利用加速度计在不同时刻输出的比力信息进行基于惯性系的初始对准,姿态误差收敛过程振荡剧烈、对准精度低等问题,提出将2代小波半软阈值滤波方法应用到初始对准中以减小环境噪声对载体惯性系量测矢量的影响。实验结果表明,小波域阈值滤波可以有效地抑制量测矢量的高频噪声,惯导系统对准在受到较大干扰时,大约在4 min时能达到极限精度,且与传统方案相比方位误差角收敛过程平稳。     

基于HMM/ KF 滤波的捷联惯组快速标定方法

提出一种快速标定捷联惯组常值零偏的六位置测试法.首先在传统解析式粗对准的基础上引入HMM/KF滤波器,利用HMM/KF滤波器滤除对准环境中的干扰噪声,实现捷联系统粗对准;然后分析利用粗对准的对准精度与惯性器件误差之间的关系,推导出求取捷联惯组常值零偏的数学表达式.对比实验分析结果表明,采用滤波技术的对准方法能够提高方位对准精度,而且能够快速有效地标定和补偿上一标定阶段残留的惯性器件常值零偏,改善导航性能.     

车载惯性导航仪快速初始对准技术

为了完成车载惯性导航仪在静基座下的对准与标定,提出采厢两位置对准方案.在惯性导航仪粗对准的基础上,建立了含有解算速度项的初始对准模型,并选取水平速度作为观测量.为了兼顾对准时间,采用自适应Kalman滤波器对失准角、惯性器件常值误差和随机误差进行实时估计,完成初始对准和标定.通过多次水平转台对准试验,表明在400 s对准时间内,方位角误差减小到0.7°以内,水平姿态角误差减小到0.04°以内,同时对系统中水平惯性器件的常值误差做出了估计,更加有利于导航精度的提高.     

晃动基座下捷联惯导的抗干扰自对准算法

针对捷联惯导(SINS) 晃动基座下, SINS 难以快速实现自对准的问题, 提出SINS 的抗干扰自对准算法. 该算法通过将初始对准问题转化为Wahba 求解问题来消除角运动干扰的影响; 利用惯性坐标系重力矢量和晃动干扰加速度的频率特点, 通过设计低通滤波器对比力在惯性坐标下的投影进行滤波来消除线振动干扰的影响. 仿真结果表明, 该算法不需要进行粗对准, 能够在角运动干扰和线振动干扰同时存在的情况下快速实现自对准.

     

惯性测量组合的优化设计与误差补偿算法研究

设计了九加速度计惯性测量组合用于测量飞行体的姿态和位置。通过理论分析和计算机仿真,结果显示由9个加速度计的输出可解算出载体运动角速度和线加速度,但由于加速度计的测量误差引起的角速度的解算误差会随飞行时间的增长而累积,采用误差补偿算法可有效地减小误差。另对加速度计位置误差进行了理论分析和仿真,结果表明,由加速度计组合的惯性测量方案对加速度计位置误差非常敏感。     

一种小型惯性测量单元的精确标定技术

研究了一种基于MEMS陀螺和加速度计的惯性测量单元(IMU)的系统标定技术,建立了陀螺和加速度计的温度漂移和非线性误差模型,采用逐步线性回归法对以上模型进行了简化,并设计了补偿算法;实时补偿效果表明,在-40℃~60℃的温度变化范围内,惯性测量单元的零位偏值、偏值稳定性和非线性度都达到较高精度,这种误差标定方法可有效解决MEMS-IMU惯性器件误差的标定与补偿问题。     

捷联惯导欧拉角误差模型二位置对准方法

在捷联惯导初始对准优化的研究中,由于存在非线性,很难描述误差特性。为提高捷联惯导系统初始对准的精度,缩短对准时间,根据欧拉角误差的传播规律,推导了惯导系统角度和速度误差微分方程,建立了非线性的对准模型。非线性模型的计算一直是难点问题,一般采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF),为减小计算量,采用了超球面采样点变换(SSUT)的采样策略,结合线性的量测方程,对滤波算法进行了改造和简化。根据全局可观性理论,为提高系统观测度,以二位置静态对准为条件,并对提出的方法进行了仿真和实验验证。结果表明,模型具有很高的精度,并能有效估计惯性器件误差。改进方法对大失准角下的系统初始对准及惯性器件测漂具有较好的参考价值。     

考虑转台定位误差时的快速自对准方法研究

捷联惯导初始对准精度直接影响到惯导系统的工作精度,传统自对准方法对转台定位精度要求较高,转台存在定位误差时严重影响自对准精度。提出了一种考虑转台定位误差条件下的捷联惯导快速两位置自对准方法,根据对准位置与旋转过程中的惯导相邻时刻输出信息小幅慢变的特点,通过引入中间坐标系,实现实际旋转角度的精确跟踪和导航误差实时更新计算,辨识出初始姿态角误差,并根据对准精度要求对辨识结果迭代修正,从而实现动态条件下的高精度寻北。对该算法在静、动态环境下的寻北性能进行了实验验证,实验结果表明:静态环境下寻北精度的1倍标准差为18.3248″,动态环境下寻北精度的1倍标准差为32.633 07″,对准精度与计算速度均满足要求,能够有效克服转台定位误差对自对准精度的影响,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.