高固含丙烯酰胺共聚物反相微乳液的合成及絮凝性能

采用反相微乳液聚合技术合成了高固含、低油水比的丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸钠-功能单体共聚物反相微乳液(简记为:Floc),测得反应的单体转化率高达99.5%;用稀溶液粘度法测得其粘均分子量超过107。比较了自制Floc、国产PAMT、Nalco9779和Alclar665对我国一水硬铝石拜耳法溶出赤泥的沉降分离效果。结果表明,自制Floc的絮凝性能优异,沉降速度与Nalco9779、Alclar665相当,明显优于国产PAMT,而且上清液澄清度比国外产品好。赤泥浆液固含为60g/L~65g/L,Floc添加量为35ppm时,前5分钟平均沉降速度为1.32m/h,上清液浊度为221NTU,添加量为100ppm时,上清液浊度降到186NTU。     

新型絮凝剂合成及其赤泥沉降性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法成功合成了不同分子量的系列丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸钠-β-衣康酸单甲酯共聚物絮凝剂(标记为:ASAM).比较了自制ASAM与国产商品PAMT和进口商品絮凝剂Alclar665对河南一水硬铝石型铝土矿(铝硅比约为7)拜耳法溶出矿浆的赤泥沉降分离效果.结果显示:ASAM添加量为100mg/L、干赤泥含量119.7g/L时,前5分钟平均沉降速度为1.24m/h,是Alclar665的1.57倍,是PAMT的4倍;底流液固压缩比仅为2.93,并且沉降后上清液的浊度低.所有结果都表明自制絮凝剂絮凝性能优异.     

铝土矿选矿尾矿性质及沉降性能研究

采用沉降法研究了细粒铝土矿选矿尾矿在水介质中的絮凝行为,考查了pH值、阳离子型、阴离子型和非离子型聚丙烯酰胺有机高分子絮凝剂及阴离子型絮凝剂的分子量变化对细粒尾矿沉降性能的影响。测试了加入絮凝剂前后颗粒表面Zeta电位、界面高度的变化。结果表明,介质pH在7～7．2时,阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺对细粒尾矿的絮凝效果最好;阳离子型和非离子型聚丙烯酰胺对细粒尾矿的絮凝效果较差;阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的最佳药剂用量为25g／t。     

含异羟肟酸基团的高分子絮凝剂的制备

以水溶性聚丙烯酸钠粉体为原料,甲醇作分散剂,先后与硫酸二甲酯和盐酸羟胺进行非均相酯化反应和肟化反应,制备了含异羟肟酸基团的聚丙烯酸钠改性产品,并采用红外及元素分析对产物进行了表征。以10g聚丙烯酸钠粉末为基准,实验确定的较优酯化条件为:反应温度50℃、反应时间3h、甲醇用量40g、硫酸二甲酯用量0.04mol;较优的肟化条件为:反应温度35℃、反应时间3 h、pH 7、盐酸羟胺用量为酯化产品中酯基摩尔数的2倍;通过改变硫酸二甲酯的用量还可得到不同肟化取代度的产品,其中肟化取代度为11.43%的产品仍具有较高的特性粘度(15.32 dL/g)。在赤泥沉降实验中,所制含异羟肟酸基团的高分子絮凝剂在适宜体系可产生比未改性聚丙烯酸钠絮凝剂更好的赤泥沉降速度,并且上清液的澄清度更高。     

混合絮凝剂对赤泥沉降效果的探讨

研究发现,当聚丙烯酰胺类A型絮凝剂和氧肟酸类H3型絮凝剂按合适的比例混合使用时,赤泥沉降沉速提高,上清液浮游物显著降低.而且,混合絮凝剂的添加量比单一絮凝剂的也要低.     

PAS-1絮凝剂的选择和专门处理技术研究

文章分析了拜耳法赤泥与离子型高分子絮凝剂的键合作用,针对铝土矿溶出矿浆的絮凝沉降过程以静电中和作用和氢键吸附作用为主,选择强阴离子型粉状絮凝剂为最优处理絮凝剂;在考察分子量对赤泥沉降分离效果的试验中,发现絮凝剂分子量在２００～９００万范围内,随着分子量的增大,絮凝沉降速度逐渐升高,分子量超过９００万左右时,则出现因线状高分子不能充分伸展,赤泥聚沉效果逐渐降低的反常现象;粗选出适当离子类型的高分子絮凝剂,试验得出国产新型ＰＡＳ１絮凝剂用于沉降分离的各项技术指标均达到了国外最优絮凝剂标准。通过对絮凝剂的专门处理技术研究,得出：新型ＰＡＳ１絮凝剂溶解性能优良,其使用应预先配成０１‰左右浓度,随用随配,溶解搅拌线速度以２ｍ／ｓ左右为宜;ＰＡＳ１絮凝聚沉降分三个不同阶段,即分散期,絮凝反应期和沉降期,其对应的混合搅拌条件相差较大,应严格控制操作区域。     

平果铝土矿洗矿泥沉降分离絮凝剂筛选试验研究

选用了碱式氧化铝、聚丙烯酰胺、木薯淀粉等二十多种絮凝剂对平果铝土矿矿泥进行沉降分离试验。试验结果表明，分子量大于６００万的阴离子及非离子型聚丙烯酰胺适用于平果铝土矿洗矿沉降分离，采用单一的非离子型聚丙烯酰胺ＡＭ－Ⅱ（分子量６００至９００万），当用量为４５ｇ／ｔ（原矿）时，即要获得很好的沉降效果，沉降速度为２６．８ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ。     

全尾砂絮凝沉降的影响因素

全尾砂絮凝沉降过程是膏体充填工艺的重要环节。为考察多因素耦合条件下尾砂絮凝沉降规律,开展全尾砂静态絮凝沉降实验,应用Design-Expert软件分析并筛选影响全尾砂絮凝沉降的重要因素,探究单位面积处理量最大时各重要影响因素的最优值。结果表明:不同影响因素耦合条件下,各絮凝沉降曲线形态基本一致,呈现先迅速下降后趋于水平的趋势。影响絮凝沉降的重要因素为尾砂入料浓度、絮凝剂用量、絮凝剂溶液浓度,其最优值分别为16.02%、28.35 g/t、0.1541%,此时单位面积固体处理量最大,为3.04 t/(m2·h)。     

生物法制备聚合硫酸铁及其应用研究

研究生物法制备铁系絮凝剂及其影响因素。以FeSO4·7H2O为原料,利用驯化后的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（T·f）在酸性条件下的催化氧化作用制备生物聚合硫酸铁（PFS）,并确定最佳制备条件。实验表明：在反应液初始pH值1.5、硫酸铵用量0.5g/L、初始Fe2＋浓度45g/L、接种量10%、温度30℃时,在转速为120r/min的恒温水浴摇床中连续培养5～6d、可以制出pH1.5～2.2、盐基度17.5%～22.7%、全铁含量43.87～45.24g/L的产品。实验通过处理3种废水来考察其絮凝性能,结果表明：当PFS投加量一定时,COD去除率可达70%以上,脱色率达90%,Zn2＋去除率达99%,说明PFS是一种絮凝效果优异的水处理剂。     

工艺参数对Mo/Cu粉末凝胶注模成形的影响

本文采用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）-1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯非水基凝胶注模体系制备了浓Mo/Cu粉末浆料。研究了分散剂用量、单体含量和固相体积分数对浆料流变行为的影响。并研究了单体含量、单体/交联剂比例、引发剂用量、温度等工艺参数对固化行为和坯体抗弯强度的影响。结果表明,固相体积分数对浆料就变行为的影响最大,其次是引发剂用量和单体含量。随着单体含量的增加和单体/交联剂比例的减小,坯体抗弯强度增加;引发剂用量对坯体抗弯强度的影响较小。根据上述结果,Mo/Cu粉末非水基凝胶注模的合理工艺参数如下：HEMA含量为25 vol.% ~ 30 vol.%, 单体/交联剂比例为10：1 ～ 15：1,引发剂用量为1.5 vol.% ~ 2.5 vol.%,固化温度在60℃与80℃之间。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。