聚氯乙烯/炭黑/镀铜纳米石墨微片导电复合材料的研究

利用超声作用制备粒径为10μm,平均厚度约为100nm的纳米石墨微片（nano-Gs）,然后采用无钯无SnCl2化学镀铜新工艺对nano-Gs表面进行化学镀铜。通过熔融共混法制备聚氯乙烯（PVC）/镀铜nano-Gs和PVC/导电炭黑（CB）/镀铜nano-Gs复合材料。结果表明,当镀铜nano-Gs含量达到逾渗阈值12%（质量分数,下同）时,PVC/镀铜nano-Gs复合材料的体积电阻率达到了最低值104Ω·cm,但其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度较纯PVC均有所下降;当镀铜nano-Gs含量达到10%,CB含量达到2%时,PVC/CB/镀铜nano-Gs的体积电阻率达到了最低值103Ω·cm,比PVC/镀铜nano-Gs降低了一个数量级,且其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度较纯PVC均有所提高。     

高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末SBR研究Ⅰ.粉末化条件与粒径分布

用SBR胶乳、高耐磨炭黑为原料,高分子树脂为炭黑表面改性剂兼包覆剂,以凝聚共沉法制备了炭黑填充型粉末SBR;研究了粉末化条件对产物粒径分布的影响因素.结果发现,由SBR胶乳、改性炭黑和Tg为35℃的包覆剂构成的粉末化体系在85℃处理1h可形成无接触污染性的、粒径小于0.9mm的炭黑填充型粉末SBR.SEM分析表明,炭黑粒子被包埋在SBR基体中,无游离炭黑存在.     

高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末SBR研究—I．粉末化条件与粒径分布

用SBR胶乳、高耐磨炭黑为原料，高分子树脂为炭黑表面改性剂兼包覆剂，以凝聚共沉法制备了炭黑填充型粉末SBR；研究了粉末化条件对产物粒径分布的影响因素。结果发现，由SBR胶乳、改性炭黑和Tg为35℃的包覆剂构成的粉末化体系在85℃处理1h可形成无接触污染性的、粒径小于0.9mm的炭黑填充型粉末SBR。SEM分析表明，炭黑粒子被包埋在SBR基体中，无游离炭黑存在。     

基于炭黑导电碳层电镀制备泡沫铜

以聚氨酯泡沫为基体,先浸渍炭黑浆料在聚氨酯泡沫表面制备导电碳层,再依次通过预镀铜和酸性镀铜得到镀铜层,最后焚烧得到泡沫铜。利用数码显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察聚氨酯泡沫表面导电碳层和镀铜层的形貌,研究了炭黑浸渍次数对聚氨酯泡沫导电性的影响,以及预镀铜工艺参数对电镀泡沫铜形貌的影响。结果表明:通过浸渍2次炭黑浆料制备的导电碳层可明显增加聚氨酯的导电性。预镀铜的较佳工艺条件为:CuSO_4·5H_2O 100 g/L,NaCl 0.6 g/L,浓硫酸25 mL/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.05 g/L,PEG600 0.15 g/L,DETU 0.01 g/L,电流0.5 A,温度25°C,搅拌速率10 r/min。在最优条件下,通过15 min的预镀铜和10 min酸性镀铜后,铜层厚度为60~110μm。本工艺利用炭黑浆料浸渍法制备导电层,可简化泡沫铜的制备过程。     

镀铜石墨粉烧结材料的研制

本文叙述了以化学镀覆方法在石墨粉末表面上镀覆铜和镀铜石墨粉复合材料烧结制品的制备。 对直径小于44μm的石墨粉表面镀铜,铜含量以重量百分比计算,在40～80％范围内可控。镀后石墨粉直接压制、焙烧。焙烧产品的金相照片显示了理想的结构,铜贯穿于整个复合材料,形成了连续的三维金属网络。烧结产品的电阻系数及摩擦、磨损性能明显优越于传统工艺生产的材料。     

支化型苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物超细包覆碳黑的制备

采用相分离技术在炭黑表面包覆支化型苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(BPSMA)制备超细包覆炭黑,探讨了相分离剂滴加速度、BPSMA用量、pH、炭黑质量分数以及分散时间对超细包覆炭黑粒径的影响。FTIR、TEM和对水接触角测试结果证实,炭黑表面包覆了BPSMA,超细包覆炭黑较佳的制备工艺为:相分离剂滴加速度3 mL/min,BPSMA用量为炭黑质量的20%,pH=10,炭黑质量分数为8%,超声波处理时间10 min。与线型苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物包覆炭黑分散体相比,相同条件下,BPSMA超细包覆炭黑分散体的粒径较小,稳定性较高,其印花织物的K/S值和摩擦牢度较高。     

铜包石墨润滑涂料的制备与性能研究

以石墨、硫酸铜和锌粉为原料,羧甲基纤维素钠和锂基膨润土为增稠剂和悬浮剂,制备了滑板用石墨及铜包石墨润滑涂料。研究了铜包石墨颗粒的表面形貌,铜包石墨涂料的稳定性和黏度,以及涂层的干燥速度和抗氧化性。结果表明:1)铜呈细小颗粒状,聚集附着在铜包石墨的表面。2)铜包石墨涂料的稳定性比未包铜石墨涂料的高,而其剪切黏度较低,这表明铜包覆层有效地改善了石墨表面的疏水性,提高了石墨在水中的分散性。3)铜包石墨涂料在室温条件下的干燥速度与未包铜石墨涂料的相近;铜包覆层有效地降低了石墨颗粒与空气的接触面积,从而显著提高了涂层的抗氧化性。     

石墨纤维表面电镀铜工艺研究

研究了石墨纤维表面氧化处理,镀液组分对石墨纤维表面电镀铜效果的影响以及控制电压、电镀时间、搅拌等工艺条件对镀铜速率的影响。550℃空气氧化处理石墨纤维10min能够有效去除纤维表面有机胶膜,增加表面粗糙度。在50 g/L CuSO4.5H2O,180 g/L H2SO4的镀液中电镀,得到均匀连续的铜镀层,基本消除"结块"现象。恒电压供电方式适合用于石墨纤维表面电镀铜。     

用于电磁屏蔽与吸收材料的镀镍石墨粉的研究

采用阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂解决石墨粉与水的浸润问题,使用H2SO4和K2Cr2O7溶液对石墨粉末进行氧化,增强镀覆金属与石墨粉的结合力.利用AgNO3和PdCl2溶液对石墨粉末进行活化,在石墨粉表面化学镀铜和化学镀镍;石墨粉末镀铜可以增强其导电性,铜表面再镀镍可以提高其导磁性能.讨论了化学镀铜工艺条件,开发出一种导电导磁性能好、密度小和价格低的镀镍石墨粉类导电填料.     

金属包覆炭黑填充的弹性体

用两段工艺生产金属包覆炭黑（MCCB），首先由金属复合物水解得到的母体沉积在炭黑（CB）表面，然后在高温下通过氢化作用将母体还原成金属。利用浆料的膨胀沉淀条件控制了炭黑添加量及粒径。通过初始盐母体的浓度控制CB表面上的金属量。铁磁体复合材料所需的填料为铁和镍包覆炭黑。这是由于其具有高的导磁性、低的剩余磁化强度和高的饱和磁化强度。     

Grafting modification of carbon black by trapping macroradicals formed by sonochemical degradation

Polymers were grafted onto the surface of carbon black (CB) by the trapping of macroradicals formed by sonochemical degradation of a polymer solution. Long chain radicals of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) formed by sonochemical degradation were successfully trapped by CB and grafted onto its surface. Results showed the method to be suitable for all kinds of CB, even for furnace black with few functional groups. The crushing effect of the ultrasonic forces caused the PVA grafted CB to have a much smaller aggregate particle size and narrower particle size distribution than that of the original CB, as indicated by dynamic light scattering. The PVA grafted CB could be well dispersed in water and a polymer matrix. The compatibility between CB and polymer was significantly improved.     

炭黑粒度对CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的影响

用燃速测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光电子能谱仪(EDS)研究了炭黑粒度对复合改性双基(CMDB)推进剂燃烧性能和熄火表面的影响.结果表明,将炭黑与铅、铜盐催化剂复配使用能够大幅度提高CMDB推进剂的燃速并降低压强指数,且炭黑粒度越小效果越显著,这可能与炭黑对铅、铜盐凝聚的阻滞作用有关.     

不同粒径炭黑填充的氯化聚乙烯/氯丁橡胶共混胶的性能

采用不同粒径的炭黑填充氯化聚乙烯/氯丁二烯(CM/CR)共混胶,研究了炭黑粒径对其分散性、共混胶硫化特性、物理机械性能、动态力学性能和耐油性的影响。结果表明,随炭黑粒径的增大,CM/CR共混胶的门尼黏度减小,正硫化时间延长;粒径太小或太大均不利于炭黑在共混胶中的分散;不同粒径炭黑的填充胶均表现出Payne效应,粒径越小的炭黑对共混胶的增强效果越好,填充胶的耐油性越好,但Payne效应也最明显。     

压力对炭黑附聚体结构的影响研究

为了研究炭黑附聚体含量对橡胶补强的影响,本文在165MPa下将炭黑进行不同次数的压缩.采用SPM扫描了原样及压缩4次后的炭黑形貌;利用激光粒度分布仪测定了它们的粒径.讨论不同压缩次数下炭黑吸油值、吸碘值、CTAB及氮吸附值的变化规律.结果表明,从形貌图上看,压缩前后粒子的分布更加均匀.压缩后的颗粒粒径明显减小.随着压缩次数的增加,炭黑的吸油值都减小,且结构越高,减小值越大.炭黑的其余三个参数都随着压缩次数的增多而增大;其中,CTAB值和吸碘值的增幅较小,而氮吸附值增幅较大.     

Thermal properties of copper-coated carbon foams

Carbon foams, with 97% porosity, were electroplated with copper for different periods of time to achieve desired copper thicknesses and foam porosity. A light flash diffusivity instrument was used to measure the thermal conductivity of the coated samples. An analytical model was developed to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of the coated foams. It was observed that the copper-coated carbon foam with 50% porosity can attain a thermal conductivity of 180 W/m K. The results from the analytical model were compared to the experimental results and they were in a very good agreement. The above analyses demonstrated the significance of copper coating in tailoring carbon foam thermal properties. The developed analytical model was adopted to predict the thermal conductivity of the copper-coated carbon foams.     

Adhesion Between Rubber Compounds and Copper-film-coated Steel Plates

Three copper-film-coated steel plates (abbreviated hereafter as copper-coated plate) with different thicknesses of copper film 30 to 90 nm were prepared and their adhesion properties to rubber compounds were examined. The high adhesion of copper-coated plates to the rubber compound containing resinous bonding additives was obtained at normal and over-cure conditions The copper-coated plate containing an amount of copper coating sufficient to plate the surface with a uniform copper layer showed better adhesion than that having a small amount of copper coating on its surface. The stability against green humidity aging and the cause for the high adhesion of the copper-coated plate were discussed compared with those of the brass plate.     

Adhesion Between Rubber Compounds and Copper-film-coated Steel Plates

Three copper-film-coated steel plates (abbreviated hereafter as copper-coated plate) with different thicknesses of copper film 30 to 90 nm were prepared and their adhesion properties to rubber compounds were examined. The high adhesion of copper-coated plates to the rubber compound containing resinous bonding additives was obtained at normal and over-cure conditions The copper-coated plate containing an amount of copper coating sufficient to plate the surface with a uniform copper layer showed better adhesion than that having a small amount of copper coating on its surface. The stability against green humidity aging and the cause for the high adhesion of the copper-coated plate were discussed compared with those of the brass plate.     

炭黑对TPI及其并用胶性能的影响

研究炭黑对反式 1,4 聚异戊二烯 (TPI)及其并用胶性能的影响。结果表明 ,填充炭黑后 ,TPI混炼胶的结晶度和物理性能下降 ;采用粒径较小的炭黑补强的TPI硫化胶、NR/TPI和SBR/TPI并用硫化胶的物理性能较好 ,但动态性能较差 ,采用粒径较大的炭黑补强的这 3种胶料的动态性能较好 ,但物理性能较差 ;采用炭黑N3 3 0补强的NR/TPI和SBR/TPI并用胶综合性能较好 ,可用作高速低滚动阻力轮胎胎面胶。     

改性碳纳米管与锶铁氧体复合材料的制备及性能研究

利用H2O2和浓H2SO4的混合溶液、浓硝酸分别对碳纳米管（CNTs）进行改性处理,并用改性CNTs与一定量的硝酸铁、硝酸锶反应．制备出了改性碳纳米管与锶铁氧体复合材料。利用IR、VSM、TEM等检测了材料的性能。结果表明,改性后的碳纳米管表面主要引入了羟基、羰基,其水溶性明显增强;复合材料的磁性能较好,但加入CNTs后,复合材料的矫顽力呈降低趋势,且随着CNTs含量的增加,矫顽力降低越大。空白实验表明,锶铁氧体的粒径在20nm左右,这也是复合材料磁性能较高的主要原因。