国内外乙二醇的生产与消费

20 0 1年世界乙二醇生产能力约 1 4 33 2万t/a ,预计 2 0 0 5年将超过 1 60 0万t/a ;消费量约 1 1 90万t,预计 2 0 0 5年约1 50 0万t,缺口 50多万t。 2 0 0 1年中国乙二醇生产能力约 91 49万t/a ,产量 80 75万t,进口量 1 59 71万t,表观消费量 2 4 0 2 3万t;预计 2 0 0 5年将达到 1 96 4万t/a,需求量约 2 80万t。分析了国内外乙二醇的生产、消费、进出口情况以及主要生产商的竞争态势 ,建议加强高效银催化剂的研制开发 ,提高乙二醇生产技术 ,加强技术管理 ,降低生产成本。     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂

PVC是重要的合成树脂 ,在世界五大通用型热塑性合成树脂中 ,其产能及消费量仅次于聚乙烯 ,居第二位。PVC由于具有良好的物理及机械性能 ,价格比较低 ,广泛应用于农业、工业、建筑、包装、日用品等领域1998年我国 PVC总产能超过 2 1 0万 t/ a,生产厂家约 75个 ,其中生产能力在 5万 t/ a以上的有 8家 ,能力合计约 89万 t/ a,占总能力的 45%。1 998年产量1 59.9万 t,其中乙烯氧氯化法占 30 %以上。近几年 ,国内对 PVC需求旺盛 ,产量不断增加 ,进口量不断扩大 ,出口量下降 ,表观消费量增大 (见表 1 )。表 1　近几年国内 PVC消费情况　　　…     

国内外环氧氯丙烷市场分析

目前 ,世界上环氧氯丙烷的总生产能力约为 12 2万t/a,产量约为 92万t;我国环氧氯丙烷的生产能力约为 11万t/a ,产量约为 9万t,2 0 0 3年的总消费量约为 15 9万t。预计 2 0 0 5年我国环氧氯丙烷的需求量将达到2 2 1万t,产品将严重供不应求。     

丙烯腈生产现状及市场行情分析

对国内外丙烯腈的生产及需求状况进行了详细的介绍。 2 0 0 3年 ,我国丙烯腈产量为 6 0万t、进口量38万t、表观消费量为 98万t,预计 2 0 0 5年我国腈纶生产能力将达到 72万t/a ;世界丙烯腈的主要生产国和地区 ,如美国、西欧和日本等生产能力合计为 4 0 6 3万t/a,约占全球总产能的 5 9 7%。全球丙烯腈市场需求年均增长率为 2 %～ 2 5 %。同时 ,对国内外丙烯腈的市场行情进行了分析 ,评述了影响丙烯腈市场价格上扬的主要因素。     

苯乙烯的生产与市场分析

分析了国内外苯乙烯单体 (SM)的生产、供需情况及工艺进展。 2 0 0 2年全球苯乙烯单体 (SM)生产能力和需求分别为2 380万t/a和 2 1 0 0万t,预计到 2 0 0 5年全球SM生产能力将达到 2 763万t/a。 2 0 0 1年我国SM主要生产企业有 1 6家 ,总生产能力为 1 0 2万t/a ,表观消费量为 2 2 7 75万t,预计到 2 0 0 5年生产能力将达到 2 50万t/a ,表观消费量达到 396万t,需大量进口     

偏苯三酸酐的国内外市场分析

目前世界偏苯三酸酐的总生产能力约为 2 3 0万t/a ,产量约为 16 5万t/a ,消费量约为 16 0万t/a。2 0 0 3年 ,我国偏苯三酸酐的生产能力约为 4 1万t/a,产量约为 1 6万t,消费量约为 1 35万t。在我国 ,偏苯三酸酐主要用于生产粉末涂料及树脂固化剂、偏苯三酸酯类增塑剂、聚酰亚胺绝缘漆以及改性醇酸树脂等 ,另外有少量用于电影胶片絮凝剂、飞机发动机润滑油以及偏苯酸酯钠盐阴离子表面活性剂等。预计 2 0 0 5年我国偏苯三酸酐的消费量将达到约 1 75万t。     

世界苯酚供需预测

2 0 0 1年全球苯酚生产能力 778万t a ,消费量 62 1万t,主要用于生产双酚A、酚醛树脂和己内酰胺 ,分别占 39%、2 7%和 1 6 %。世界苯酚需求将以年均 4 3 %的速度增长 ,预计到 2 0 0 6年全球苯酚消费量将达到 786 1万t。我国苯酚需求增长快速 ,2 0 0 1年产量为 2 5 0万t,进口量为 2 0 5万t,表观消费量为 45 5万t。预计未来数年国内双酚A装置的建设将处于高速发展阶段 ,双酚A所消耗苯酚将占苯酚总消费量的 2 8%以上 ,而我国苯酚消费量将以每年 9%的速度递增     

国内外苯酚生产及市场分析

1999年世界苯酚生产能力667.9万t/a,开工率89%,苯酚的消费量为611.6万t.2000年随着一些新装置的投产,世界苯酚生产能力达到789.4万t/a,预计20 03年全球苯酚生产能力将达897万t/a,届时需求量为717万t.2000年我国苯酚实际生产能力达到34.85万t/a,产量约23.6万～24.6万t,进口量9.69万t,表观消费量约33万～34万 t.预测我国对苯酚的需求量将持续增长,2005年我国苯酚需求量可望达到37万～40万t.     

国内外聚酯纤维市场分析与展望

分析了国内外聚酯纤维市场的生产、供应、需求和结构调整状况。 1 991～ 2 0 0 1年世界聚酯纤维能力、产量和需求量的年均增长率均在 7%以上 ,2 0 0 1年产量为 1 92 8万t。聚酯纤维工业的快速发展主要是受亚洲地区产需大幅增长所带动。近 1 0年我国聚酯纤维产量和进口量的年均增长率分别为 1 7 9%和 1 4 4% ,2 0 0 1年产量为 633万t,进口量 81万t,表观消费量 71 1万t。预测到 2 0 0 5年世界聚酯纤维能力将达 2 80 0万t/a ,需求量约 2 4 0 0万t;未来几年我国聚酯纤维需求增长速度仍较快 ,到 2 0 0 5年需求量将达 90 0万～ 950万t。建议国内聚酯纤维企业应进行结构调整 ,提高通用产品的质量 ,增加差别化品种 ,保持聚酯链上下游协调发展 ,提升中国合纤行业整体竞争力     

我国合成橡胶市场分析

分析我国合成橡胶的生产、供需、进出口和价格情况。我国合成橡胶产量已由2006年的184.52万t增长到2013年的408.97万t,表观消费量由2006年的306.90万t增长到2013年的542.03万t。2014年第1季度,我国合成橡胶产量114.93万t,表观消费量153.86万t,进口量38.93万t,自给率达74.70%。来自韩国、美国和日本的合成橡胶进口量占我国合成橡胶进口量的50%以上,对亚洲国家和地区的合成橡胶出口量占我国合成橡胶出口量的50%以上。随着我国合成橡胶产量增长,丁二烯和苯乙烯价格下降,我国合成橡胶价格持续下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。