向列液晶在聚酰亚胺LB膜上的表面取向(英文)

本文研究了液晶和聚酰亚胺分子在聚酰亚胺LB膜上的取向效果。聚酰亚胺链在LB膜中的取向程度低于强摩擦膜表面聚酰亚胺链的取向,这可能由于聚酰亚胺分子的结构线性不好所致。9或11层LB膜可以很好地排列液晶分子,但液晶在聚酰亚胺LB膜上的取向效果劣于强摩擦膜表面的情形。     

不对称取代萘酞菁化合物的LB膜及二阶非线性光学特性研究

近年来,人们对萘酞菁类化合物的研究兴趣不断增加,这主要是由于萘酞菁类化合物比酞菁类化合物具有更大的共轭体系,共轭π-电子更为丰富,因此它们在许多方面的性能比相应的酞菁化合物优越得多.萘酞菁化合物巨大的共轭π-电子体系容易被极化,有利于产生非线性光学效应.利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术能够制备纳米尺度上精确可控的、有序排列的、非中心对称结构的超薄膜,实现大的宏观二阶非线性极化率. 实验所用的两种不对称取代萘酞菁化合物是由中科院感光化学所合成的,分别为三叔丁基萘酞菁(简写为NPC1)、三叔丁基氰基萘酞菁(简写为NPC2).LB多层膜的制备是在德国R&K公司制造的Langmuir槽制膜系统上完成的. 实验表明,两种不对称取代萘酞菁化合物均能在气液界面上形成稳定的单分子膜,并能很好地转移到固体基板上形成LB多层膜;它们在稀溶液中主要以单体分子的形式存在,而在LB膜中则主要是以聚集体的形式存在;尽管这两种萘酞菁化合物均能产生二次谐波信号,但是由于它们的结构不同,其二阶非线性极化率系数的大小相差较大,三叔丁基氰基萘酞菁的二阶非线性极化率系数χ(2)为3.7×10-8 esu(或超极化率β为7.2×10-30 esu),约为三叔丁基萘酞菁的37倍.这主要是由于氰基具有很强吸电子的能力,使NPC2分子内形成了较大的偶极矩,LB膜使得分子有序排列,因而LB膜宏观的偶极矩也较大,从而具有较大的二阶非线性极化率.(OB16)     

朗谬尔（LB）热电薄膜及其在热电器件方面的应用

LB膜是一种由有机高分子定向排列组成的单分子层或多分子层薄膜材料。通过沉积两种不同种分子的交替层,可以形成非中心对称结构的热电性LB膜,是制作红外检测系统用热电元件的新型有机薄膜材料。本文主要叙述LB膜的制法、热电性膜的制法、热电性LB膜的进展概况及其在热电器件方面的应用和性能评价。     

LB膜与AFM技术研究磷脂酰乙醇胺单分子膜结构

用LB膜技术对磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)单分子膜的影响因素进行了研究。实验发现溶液浓度、亚相温度、pH值以及胆固醇含量等因素对磷脂酰乙醇胺单分子膜成膜条件有一定的影响。当溶液浓度为0.32 mg/mL,加入量在100~500μL范围内,随着加入量的增多,磷脂分子越易形成致密的单分子层;温度升高对单分子膜有一定的破坏作用,在39.1℃时,亚相的pH值在中性或接近中性的弱酸条件下,PE分子排列更有序;胆固醇的加入降低了PE分子膜的流动性,对单分子膜有显著的稳固作用。用Y型LB提膜法将单分子膜转移到新解离的云母表面,用原子力显微镜技术对其进行了分子结构的观察研究,实验结果表明,膜压低于1 mN/m时,液面上磷脂分子的烃链自由弯曲运动,取向性呈无序随机排列。但在大于1 mN/m时,PE分子较易形成有序分子膜,膜压为33 mN/m,形成高质量的LB膜。     

LB膜取向的混合排列向列型(HAN)液晶盒的性质研究

本文利用酞菁LB膜实现了液晶分子的混合排列,对其取向和电光性质进行了研究,发现混合向列排列(HAN)型液晶盒不存在阀值电压,具有较好的色彩分离,证实酞菁取向膜具有相当好的热稳定性,有一定的实用价值。     

向列液晶-聚酰亚胺LB膜的方位表面锚定能的研究(英文)

利用我们研究组提出的力矩平衡的方法,测定了向列液晶在聚酰亚胺LB膜上的方位表面锚定能。向列液晶在聚酰亚胺LB膜上的方位表面锚定能低于强摩擦聚酰亚胺膜的情形。液晶和聚合物分子间的相互相用对于聚合物表而的液晶排列是非常重要的。     

NMOB分子LB膜的光谱及其非线性光学特性研究

通过稳态和时间分辨荧光及二次谐波产生(SHG)的方法研究了2-硝基-5-(N-甲基-N-十八烷基)氨基苯甲酸(NMOB)分子朗缪尔-布罗基特(Langmuir-Blodgett,LB)多层膜的光谱及非线性光学特性。LB膜的稳态荧光谱较溶液红移大。而纯的NMOBY型LB多层膜与NMOB/花生酸交替的LB多层膜之间差别较小;由于分子间的相互作用,使得NMOB分子在溶液中比在LB膜中的荧光衰减时间大。在LB膜中,纯的NMOB和NMOB与花生酸交替的LB多层膜的荧光衰减时间相差不大,说明NMOB分子层内的相互作用较大,而层间的相互作用较小;由于苯环两侧的不对称取代,分子内部形成固有的偶极矩,使得NMOB/花生酸交替的LB多层膜具有较大的宏观偶极矩,因而具有大的二阶非线性极化率,其超分子极化率约为β=4×10-29esu。     

以拉曼散射展示超声气流

用瑞利散射和激光感生荧光之类的技术可实现通过喷嘴气流的成像。荷兰奈梅亨大学应用物理系M.Sijtsema等人发展了另一种方法 ,它采用拉曼光谱术。整个气流密度可通过瑞利散射成像 ,但找出特定分子密度分布要求使用激光感生荧光或拉曼散射之类的技术 ,这两种技术都提供与特殊分子有关的特定光波长。虽然拉曼技术的散射效率远低于激光感生荧光或瑞利散射 ,但它有另外的优点。拉曼信号是分子特有的 ,可用光谱方法从强反射中分离或从其它类型散射中分离。其信号强度与分子密度成正比。与此相反 ,激光感生荧光的信号强度受分子中温度和压力差 (…     

4-羧基-4'-氨基偶氮苯LB膜的光谱及其二次谐波产生特性研究

采用紫外可见吸收谱和二次谐波产生的方法研究了一种新型偶氮化合物分子的LB膜及非线性光学特性.4-羧基-4'-氨基偶氮苯分子在水表面可以形成稳定的单分子膜并且可以较好的转移到固体基板上形成LB多层膜.测量了LB膜二次谐波产生随入射基频光入射角的变化关系,二次谐波信号强度最大值在入射角约为60°的地方,LB膜具有非常大的二次谐波信号强度,其分子超极化率约为β=1.17×10-29esu.     

4-羧基-4′-氨基偶氮苯LB膜的光谱及其二次谐波产生特性研究

采用紫外可见吸收谱和二次谐波产生的方法研究了一种新型偶氮化合物分子的LB膜及非线性光学特性。4-羧基-4′-氨基偶氮苯分子在水表面可以形成稳定的单分子膜并且可以较好的转移到固体基板上形成LB多层膜。测量了LB膜二次谐波产生随入射基频光入射角的变化关系,二次谐波信号强度最大值在入射角约为60°的地方,LB膜具有非常大的二次谐波信号强度,其分子超极化率约为β=1.17×10-29esu。     

Micro‐Raman Scattering Imaging of Langmuir–Blodgett Surface Relief Gratings

Surface relief gratings (SRGs) recorded on Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of an azobenzene homopolymer were visualized using micro‐Raman imaging. Raman scattering (RS) was achieved using the 780 nm laser line while pre‐resonance Raman scattering (pre‐RRS) and resonance Raman scattering were achieved using the 633 and 514.5 nm laser lines, respectively. Pre‐surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (pre‐SERRS) and surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) were collected for the LB films covered with a 6 nm thick silver island film. The SRG could be chemically identified by the spatial variation in the Raman signal scattered by the film due to a concentration gradient. The pre‐SERRS provided signals of the same intensity along and across the grooves, indicating that the molecular architecture at the SRG surface is the same at the peaks as in the valleys.     

表面单分子膜取向确定的垂悬液滴图像理论分析

本文建立了用于表面单分子膜研究的垂悬液滴球体球模型,据此模型,对具有荧光生色团的表面活性剂荧光分析,计算了荧光分析的偶极矩强度分布,分子密度分布以及荧光图象强度分布,具有对单轴对取向性的分子,推导出了全部Ｒａｍａｎ散射活性矩阵元,计算并绘制了Ｒａｍａｎ图象的光强分布和偏振光强比分布,给出了确定取向的荧光图像方法以及Ｒａｍａｎ图象方法。     

粗糙基底上涂层的极化双向反射分布函数

为了有效检测光学基底和镀膜后的光学元件质量,根据微面元电磁散射理论建立了一阶极化光散射模型,推导求解出其极化双向反射分布函数,获得了极化双向反射分布函数PP项与散射角和方位角的三维关系。数值模拟分析了入射角、基底粗糙度及不同涂层厚度对极化双向反射分布函数的影响。数值结果表明:极化双向反射分布函数与入射角、相关长度、均方根高度及涂层厚度均成反比。P极化入射产生的P极化双向反射分布函数强烈依赖于入射角、散射角和方位角。布鲁斯特角的位置随着入射角的增加逐渐向散射方位角小的方向移动。     

Direct Measurement of Raman Scattering Tensor of Orientation‐Fixed Single Iodine Molecules

Raman spectroscopy is the most widely used noninvasive analytical technique. Apart from the fingerprint Raman frequency for identifying vibrational mode of certain functional groups, the Raman scattering tensor can also be used to determine the corresponding vibrational symmetry as well as the orientation of this functional group with respect to the rest of the molecule. For gaseous single molecules, only limited structural information can be obtained from Raman spectroscopy owing to their freely rotating and randomly oriented nature. Here, a method, for the first time, is developed to directly determine the Raman scattering tensor on orientation‐fixed single iodine molecules, which are confined inside the nano‐sized channels of zeolite AlPO₄–11 (AEL) single crystal. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on a density functional theory. The optical transparency and appreciable size of the crystal facilitate the Raman exploration and the 3D manipulation. It is also demonstrated that iodine molecules' orientations are randomly distributed inside the nano‐channels of AlPO₄–5 (AFI) crystal, which indicates that by carefully choosing the relevant zeolite crystal, the big family of zeolites can be utilized as directing template database for orienting a large number of guest molecules to estimate their structures by polarized Raman spectroscopy.     

单层二氧化钛薄膜的偏振散射特性

为了用散射法研究单层薄膜表面粗糙度的变化规律,以光学薄膜矢量光散射理论为基础,分析了单层二氧化钛薄膜分别在完全相关和完全非相关模型下的偏振双向反射分布函数,以及P偏振入射光引起的P偏振的BRDFpp随散射方位角的变化关系。理论研究结果表明:随着散射方位角的变化,P偏振入射光引起的P偏振的BRDFpp强烈依赖于膜层界面粗糙度的相关特性。在完全相关模型下,随着入射角的增加,BRDFpp随着散射方位角变化时所出现的谷值会随着入射角的增加而减小。     

Propagation and depolarization of an arbitrarily polarized waveobliquely incident on a slab of random medium

The problem of how a slab of random medium affects the propagation and polarization of an arbitrarily polarized obliquely incident electromagnetic wave is investigated. The general formulation is given by using vector radiative transfer theory. The multiple scattering solution is compared with the analytical first-order solution when the optical distance is small and the comparison shows that the results are consistent with each other. The multiple scattering results for a left-handed circularly polarized incident wave show that the transmitted wave is still right-handed near the backscattering direction. The scattering signature obtained shows that for normal incidence one can obtain a maximum backscattered power if an arbitrarily oriented linearly polarized incident wave is chosen and that for an incident angle of 30°, a minimum backscattered power can be obtained if a linearly polarized incident wave is oriented at 45° or 135°     

Formation of silicon nanocrystals with preferred (100) orientation in amorphous Si:H films grown on glass substrates and exposed to nanosecond pulses of ultraviolet radiation

Using Raman scattering, it was ascertained that silicon nanocrystals with sizes exceeding 2 nm are formed in amorphous silicon films exposed to nanosecond ultraviolet laser radiation with energy densities ranging from 75 to 150 mJ/cm²; it is shown that these nanocrystals have sizes no smaller than 2 nm and have preferred (100) orientation along the normal to the film surface. In a system of mutually oriented Si nanocrystals, anisotropic behavior of the Raman scattering intensity was experimentally detected in various polarization configurations, which made it possible to determine the volume fraction of oriented nanocrystals. The orientational effect is presumably caused by both the macroscopic fields of elastic stresses in the film and the local fields of elastic stresses around the nanocrystals.     

Analyzing nanostructures in mesogenic host–guest systems for polarized phosphorescence

Feasibility of polarized phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) had been previously demonstrated by combining a discotic Pt(II) complex with a glassy-nematic oligofluorene host to form a mesogenic host–guest phosphorescent emitting system. Previous photophysical studies suggested that in the host–guest film, the Pt(II) complex tended to aggregate into columnar stacks, exhibiting metal–metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) emission. Both host molecules and guest aggregates in the host–guest films could be oriented by a conductive alignment layer, giving rise to polarized phosphorescence from the Pt(II) aggregates. Nevertheless, film morphologies and nanostructures of the mesogenic host–guest systems have remained to be elucidated. In this work, grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) was carried out to analyze nanostructures in both neat films of the discotic Pt(II) complex and mesogenic host–guest mixture films. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was also utilized for visualization of the morphologies of mesogenic host–guest systems. The columnar axes of nanostructured Pt(II) stacks lying on the alignment-treated surfaces were found to be preferentially oriented perpendicular to the rubbing direction, which is responsible for the observed linearly polarized phosphorescence.     

Dependence of rotational and vibrational Raman scattering onfocusing geometry

Stimulated rotational and vibrational Raman scattering in H₂ was investigated with a circularly and a linearly polarized XeCl laser beam and the influence of the focusing geometry on the threshold for rotational and vibrational scattering, respectively, was studied. It is shown that with a circularly polarized pump beam a high-angle focusing geometry allows to get only rotational Raman scattering, whereas a low-angle focusing geometry provides only vibrational Raman scattering for gain suppression effects     

Stimulated Raman Scattering in Nanorod Silicon Carbide Films

When the film is excited by a very low excitation energy, the spontaneous Raman scattering emerges. The intensity of Raman scattering is proportional to the excitation power below the threshold excitation. When the excited power reaches the excitation threshold, the intensity of Stokes light strongly increases. Meanwhile an anti Stokes light at 495 nm and multiple order but small Stokes peaks occur. The intensity of Stokes light is much larger than that of anti Stokes. The full width of half maximum (FWHM) of Stokes peak is reduced from 0.4 nm to less than 0.2 nm, the scattering angle between both Stokes and incident lights becomes less than 1°, and the angle between the Stokes and anti Stokes lights is about 3°. When the exciting power is in excess of the threshold, anti Stokes and multiple Raman scattering peaks reappear. These experiments can be unlimitedly repeated. From this experiment, we can exclude the possibility of spontaneous Raman scattering. It is suggested that the nanorods are a quantum line dimension having a large surface. There will be Raman differential scattering section so long as the nanorod films become very strong scattering media; the surface enhanced Raman scattering will be produced, the nanorod films of SiC will form a strong multiple scattering resonance cavities so as to form the stimulated Raman scattering oscillation.