短电弧机床加工电源的反馈环路设计

为使短电弧加工过程中电弧放电通道更容易、有效地建立,使其电源电气特性满足试验要求,通过分析短电弧加工脉冲电源系统的增益特性,设计出满足短电弧加工试验所需的电源反馈环路,并建立基于Matlab的电源反馈环路仿真模型,通过仿真验证了设计的电源反馈环路具有输出电压平稳,受外界干扰小,响应速度快等优点,具有良好的可行性及稳定性. 最后通过电源空载及短电弧切削加工试验,验证了设计的电源反馈环路能够满足短电弧加工试验所需要求,为短电弧加工机理研究提供了重要的技术支持.     

基于BP神经网络和遗传算法的大功率脉冲电源优化设计

短电弧脉冲电源的性能指标对短电弧加工工件工艺性有着十分重要的影响.文中通过建立脉冲电源的Matlab仿真模型,利用模型仿真数据对电源神经网络模型进行训练,结合基于目标加权法的遗传算法对电源参数进行优化,指导短电弧样机电源参数的修改,并进行了启动性试验和负载突变试验.结果表明,采用BP-GA算法优化的短电弧电源不仅可以减少了系统调试时间、节约调试和试验成本,并且具有输出电压平稳,受外界干扰小,响应速度快等优点.     

短电弧切除铆钉系统建模与仿真

针对手持式铆钉切除工具的实际操作,建立了伺服进给机构、脉冲电源及加工过程等的模型,搭建了短电弧切除铆钉系统模型,并仿真模拟进给速度、步进电机型号、控制算法中参考电压对加工效率的影响,由仿真分析结果初步得到最优加工参数,为后期确定参数提供了指导.     

外骨骼关节驱动神经网络滑模力控制研究

针对外骨骼机器人液压关节驱动系统具有非线性、不确定参数等特性,导致模型建立困难以及负重时具有不确定冲击扰动的问题,基于电液伺服系统特性,建立以弹性负载为外负载的数学模型。为减小负重时冲击扰动项对力控制的影响,引入径向基（RBF）神经网络对干扰项进行补偿,设计一种基于RBF神经网络的滑模力控制策略。通过系统特性进一步验证模型可行性,并进行仿真试验对比。结果表明：与PID控制相比,所设计的控制策略响应时间更短,跟踪误差缩小70.5%;变负载工况下,所设计的控制策略具有更好的跟随能力、更强的鲁棒性能,可以满足外骨骼机器人关节驱动的力控制要求。平台试验进一步验证了仿真结果的有效性与正确性。     

基于粒子群算法的EPS系统控制策略

电动助力转向控制是EPS系统的基本控制策略。针对EPS系统的稳定性和快速性的要求,通过EPS系统各部分动力学方程,建立了基于MATLAB/Simulink的仿真模型,对常规PID控制和基于粒子群算法的PID控制进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明：基于粒子群算法的PID控制策略,使EPS控制效果得以改善,系统响应时间快,鲁棒性好,趋于稳定所用时间短,为实现EPS的稳定性和快速性提供了理论依据。     

基于粒子群算法的EPS系统控制策略（英文）

电动助力转向控制是EPS系统的基本控制策略。针对EPS系统的稳定性和快速性的要求,通过EPS系统各部分动力学方程,建立了基于MATLAB/Simulink的仿真模型,对常规PID控制和基于粒子群算法的PID控制进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明:基于粒子群算法的PID控制策略,使EPS控制效果得以改善,系统响应时间快,鲁棒性好,趋于稳定所用时间短,为实现EPS的稳定性和快速性提供了理论依据。     

短电弧磨削蜂窝环热源公式研究及温度场仿真

为预测不同电压下常规短电弧磨削蜂窝环加工深度的影响,对短电弧磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真热源公式进行了研究。针对热源系数与电压的关系,通过ANSYS软件研究得出的热源公式,并对短电弧磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真。研究了适用于不同电压下短电弧常规磨削蜂窝环的热源公式,通过温度场仿真结果,分析了不同电压磨削蜂窝环的温度分布及变化趋势。结果发现：得出的热源公式适用于不同电压下短电弧磨削蜂窝环加工的温度场;仿真温度云图的变化规律以及分布情况符合短电弧磨削加工的实际情况,仿真结果误差在5.9%以内,吻合度较好,为预测加工深度提供了理论依据。     

基于蚁群优化的神经网络智能PID控制策略研究

提出了一种基于蚁群优化、BP网络学习和RBF网络辨识的智能PID控制策略,有效地克服了BP算法训练过程中收敛慢和易陷入局部极小值的缺陷.利用该控制策略,对PID参数进行在线调整,并应用于材料试验机电液位置伺服系统.仿真结果表明,与各种传统PID控制策略相比,采用该智能PID控制器控制的系统具有更好的动态响应特性和抗扰动能力.     

基于单神经元PID策略的液压折弯机同步控制研究

液压折弯机的同步控制直接影响其加工精度,提出一种新的基于单神经元PID的交叉耦合控制方式控制策略,利用AMESim与Simulink软件对折弯机液压系统进行联合仿真,并比较了在"主从方式"和"交叉耦合控制方式"下PID控制效果。仿真结果表明:神经元PID交叉耦合控制策略控制精度高、系统响应快,其控制性能要优于PID控制。     

电弧离子镀脉冲负偏压电源及其特性的研究

一种脉冲负偏压电源是由多个脉冲分量形成的电路串联构成，脉冲的频率和占空比直接的高压侧调节。介绍了电源的结构和关键技术，并结合薄膜沉积试验中的电压、电流波形和计算机仿真分析，探讨了电源和电弧离子镀的等离子体负载间的匹配，提出了电弧离子镀脉冲负偏压电源的设计要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.