基于小波改进阈值去噪与LMD的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

为从含有强烈噪声干扰的滚动轴承振动信号中提取故障特征信息,提出了一种小波改进阈值去噪与局部均值分解(LMD)相结合的故障诊断方法。首先,根据构造小波改进阈值函数需满足的必要条件以及滚动轴承振动信号特征,提出了适应于滚动轴承振动信号的抛物线平滑阈值函数,利用其对振动信号进行去噪预处理;然后,对去噪后的振动信号进行LMD分解得到若干乘积函数分量(PF);最后,根据相关系数筛选出有效PF分量,并对其进行包络解调,提取故障特征频率。仿真分析和应用实例结果表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征信息,实现滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

复合插值包络经验模式分解及其在往复式压缩机轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对经验模式分解(EMD)分析强非平稳振动信号时包络线出现的过包络与欠包络问题,提出一种复合插值包络经验模式分解方法(CIEEMD)。该方法在定义信号非平稳系数及包络线端点衔接方法的基础上,使用单调分段三次Hermite插值(MPCHI)构造局部强非平稳信号包络,三次样条插值(CSI)构造局部平稳信号包络,形成复合插值包络线进而提高EMD分解精度。利用仿真信号分析验证了CIEEMD对强非平稳信号的适用性。以往复压缩机轴承间隙过大故障为研究对象,CIEEMD不仅分解性能优越,且包络谱的故障频率更为显著。     

基于分段幂函数的LMD方法及其在轴承故障诊断中的应用

局域均值分解是一种将复杂的多分量信号分解为若干个乘积函数的方法,每个PF分量为一个单分量调频调幅信号。传统LMD算法对所有极值点集利用滑动平均的方法计算局域均值函数和局域包络函数,易造成过平滑现象,运算量增大,并影响分解精度。本研究对传统LMD方法进行了改进,采用分段幂函数法分别计算上下极值点集的包络线,得到的包络线具有良好的光滑性和稳定性,进而计算局域均值函数和局域包络函数,避免了传统方法过平滑现象,提高了运算效率与精确度。通过对仿真信号分析和轴承故障诊断实验,结果验证了本研究所设计方法的有效性。     

基于LMD和RBF结合的齿轮箱故障诊断

局域均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)是近年来出现的一种新的时频分析方法,在机械设备故障诊断领域中的应用日益广泛。针对齿轮箱振动故障信号的非平稳性和非线性,提出了一种基于局域均值分解和径向基函数神经网络(Radial Basis Function Neural Network,RBF)相结合的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。该方法利用小波包对原始信号进行消噪;利用LMD对处理后信号进行分解,得到一系列PF分量(Product Function,PF);选取包含主要故障信息的PF分量并从中提取偏度系数等特征参数对RBF神经网络进行训练,并对齿轮箱故障进行识别和分类。通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种簇绒机故障诊断方法的研究

针对簇绒机的故障诊断问题,提出采集滚动轴承的振动信号进行故障诊断.采集的实际振动信号中往往存在噪声信号,需要去掉噪声后再进行诊断.局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,LMD)方法是一种新型的信号自适应分解的时频分析方法,并且已经应用到故障诊断中.为了进一步提高LMD的性能,提出采用分段Hermite插值替代原始的滑动平均方法.提出一种新的故障诊断方法,首先应用小波包变换分析方法,去除信号中夹杂的噪声,然后使用改进后的LMD方法进行信号的分解,选择相关系数较大的PF分量进行希尔伯特变化包络谱分析,成功提取相关的故障特征.通过仿真实例的分析和对滚动轴承的实际故障数据进行故障诊断,证明了该方法在故障诊断应用中的有效性.     

一种簇绒机故障诊断方法的研究（英文）

针对簇绒机的故障诊断问题,提出采集滚动轴承的振动信号进行故障诊断。采集的实际振动信号中往往存在噪声信号,需要去掉噪声后再进行诊断。局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,LMD)方法是一种新型的信号自适应分解的时频分析方法,并且已经应用到故障诊断中。为了进一步提高LMD的性能,提出采用分段Hermite插值替代原始的滑动平均方法。提出一种新的故障诊断方法,首先应用小波包变换分析方法,去除信号中夹杂的噪声,然后使用改进后的LMD方法进行信号的分解,选择相关系数较大的PF分量进行希尔伯特变化包络谱分析,成功提取相关的故障特征。通过仿真实例的分析和对滚动轴承的实际故障数据进行故障诊断,证明了该方法在故障诊断应用中的有效性。     

基于改进LMD的齿轮故障特征增强方法

针对齿轮发生故障时信号的调制特点,采用相关分析对局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)解调方法进行改进,并提出了基于改进LMD的故障特征增强方法。将该方法应用于实际齿轮断齿故障特征的提取,结果表明:该方法能有效地增强齿轮故障特征,其增强效果优于传统的Hilbert包络解调分析方法。     

Morlet小波包络分析在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用

齿轮箱是各种旋转机械设备中使用最为广泛的零部件之一。研究齿轮箱中轴承和齿轮的典型故障特征信息提取具有重要意义。在分析故障形成机理的同时,探讨齿轮箱振动信号预处理和故障特征提取方法,重点研究基于Morlet小波包络分析技术在齿轮箱典型故障特征提取中的应用。使用图形化编程语言平台LabVIEW编写数据采集和数据分析软件。实验验证了所提出方法在齿轮箱典型故障特征提取中的有效性和准确性。     

LMD与小波阈值降噪结合的轴承故障识别

直接小波阈值降噪会使有用信号部分失真,为更好地对轴承故障进行特征提取,提出将局部均值分解(LMD)与小波阈值降噪结合进行降噪处理,其方法是:对含噪音的信号先进行LMD分解,并仅对分离出的高频信号分量采用改进阈值函数的小波降噪,保留残余信号的完整数据,然后重构信号。通过MATLAB仿真和轴承故障特征提取实验表明,与其它几种信号降噪方法相比,基于LMD方法并改进阈值函数的小波降噪方法,能提高信噪比,能更好的对信号进行特征提取。     

小波-包络分析在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

充分利用小波在信号处理过程中无冗余、无泄露等优点,采用小波-包络分析相结合的方法,对某一单级减速齿轮箱振动信号先进行小波处理再进行包络谱分析,判断出小齿轮存在断齿故障,该方法克服了传统包络谱分析易丢失信号有用成份的不足之处,利用包络信号的细化谱能更好的凸现齿轮的周期性冲击信息.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.