铸造涡轮叶片叶型优化设计研究

从满足相同设计工况和降低涡轮叶片铸造难度角度,选取更适于铸造的叶型,确定影响叶片叶型的4个几何参数,即前缘楔角Φ_1、后缘楔角Φ_2、前缘半径r_1和后缘半径r_2。推导优化目标与4个叶片几何参数之间的隐式函数关系,建立基于MATLAB的涡轮叶片叶型优化数学模型,确定了易于铸造的涡轮叶片叶型的优化设计。对优化叶片进行水力性能和结构强度数值模拟分析,结果验证了该优化方法的可行性。     

大扭曲叶片整体涡轮电解加工工艺设计与试验

介绍大扭曲整体涡轮的结构特点、应用及加工现状，对叶片型面离散型数据进行分析处理，设计电解加工阴极、流场及夹具。根据整体涡轮叶间通道的特点及加工要求，设计电解加工多轴联动进给方案，完成数控编程并进行大扭曲整体涡轮电解加工试验，为生产应用创造了工艺条件。     

闭式叶轮的CAD/CAM技术

将传统的叶轮设计方法与现代设计制造技术相结合,从二维水力模型图中的教据出发,在UG软件环境下,探讨了三维扭曲叶片的曲面拟合方法并对叶片与前后盖板的定位装置进行了设计,对叶片模具设计及制造中的关键环节进行了研究,为精密铸造技术在叶轮制造上应用奠定了基础。     

叶片造型网格扭曲的校正方法研究

叶片曲面造型中的网格扭曲严重影响其性能，使得叶片数控加工质量降低。本文分析了叶片造型扭曲的原因，提出了一种叶片造型网格扭曲的校正方法。详细论述了叶片截面线数据点离散、截面数据点参数域变换、近似弧长参数化等关键问题的解决措施，通过在叶片高效螺旋铣数控编程中的应用实例，对本方法进行了验证。结果表明：本方法能有效地消除叶片造型中的网格扭曲现象，显著提高叶片曲面的品质和数控加工质量。     

服役环境对涡轮导向叶片热障涂层失效模式的影响

目的 基于服役环境下热障涂层失效行为的复杂性,分析服役环境对涡轮导向叶片热障涂层的影响,并总结涡轮导向叶片热障涂层的失效模式。方法 针对服役环境下某型民用航空发动机涡轮导向叶片,使用UG软件建模,并且采用FLUENT软件对其进行三维共轭传热计算,结合热障涂层宏微观形貌、钙镁铝硅酸盐（CMAS）侵蚀行为、热生长氧化物（TGO）的生长情况,以及孔隙率和硬度的变化,通过引入涂层损伤系数,建立一种新的热障涂层区域失效评估模式,综合分析服役环境对涡轮导向叶片热障涂层区域化失效模式的影响。结果 在经历了8500h服役后,涡轮导向叶片表面热障涂层的失效模式因服役环境的局部差异而不同。叶片前缘区域最高温度达到1 501.69 K,发生了严重的低熔点氧化物侵蚀,导致陶瓷层的孔隙率降至11.909%,TGO等效厚度生长至1.870μm。后缘区域的最低温度为980.46 K,未见CMAS侵蚀,陶瓷层的孔隙率降至13.701%,TGO等效厚度生长至2.676μm。叶盆、叶背表面平均温度分别为1363.47K和1 264.14 K,发生了轻度低熔点氧化物侵蚀,陶瓷层的孔隙率分别降至12.176%和13.371%...     

燃气轮机涡轮零部件及材料热腐蚀行为与评价方法研究

对金属材料的热腐蚀机理及危害进行了探讨。在对不同热腐蚀评价方法对比分析的基础上,以某发动机涡轮工作叶片和导向叶片及其所用材料为研究对象,采用燃气热腐蚀试验方法,开展涡轮零部件及材料抗热腐蚀能力评价方法的研究。结果表明,该方法是最为接近海洋环境下涡轮零部件实际工作状态的实验室评价方法,适合于评价涡轮零部件及材料的抗热腐蚀性能,能为改进涡轮零部件的防腐设计和防腐加工工艺提供较为客观、准确的试验评价依据。     

铸造高温合金涡轮叶片热冲击疲劳行为研究

为了研究不同材料涡轮叶片热冲击疲劳性能,采用感应加热热冲击试验装置对三种铸造高温合金涡轮叶片进行了试验研究。利用光学相机、视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对叶片表面裂纹形貌、叶片横截面和断口形貌进行观察。结果表明：单晶涡轮叶片热冲击疲劳寿命长于定向晶涡轮叶片热冲击疲劳寿命。定向晶涡轮叶片中添加Re元素延长了热冲击疲劳寿命。热冲击疲劳导致裂纹萌生于叶片中截面考核区并沿叶高方向扩展。裂纹的扩展方式与叶片合金成分及铸造工艺有关。     

基于CFD技术脱硫泵的设计与试验

采用经验系数设计法对脱硫泵进行水力设计,适当增大叶片出口宽度,以改善颗粒通过性和叶轮出口的磨损情况.应用FLUENT软件,采用欧拉多相流模型,分别计算了颗粒直径为0.06,0.08和0.10 mm,体积浓度为11%工况下脱硫泵的两相流内部流场.得到以下结论:叶轮流道内,工作面上的静压值明显高于背面上的静压值;最低压力点出现在叶片进口背面侧,容易发生汽蚀;随着粒径的增大,颗粒逐渐向叶片工作面迁移.叶片的磨损主要发生在叶片进口处和叶片的出口段.通过试验验证:设计的脱硫泵效率为82.0%,性能曲线平坦,高效范围宽,各项技术指标均满足设计要求.     

航空发动机涡轮叶片缺陷弱磁检测方法研究

针对航空发动机涡轮叶片边缘裂纹缺陷难以进行检测的难题,提出了一种基于弱磁检测技术缺陷判定方法的新算法.首先从理论上分析了弱磁检测技术对涡轮叶片边缘裂纹缺陷检测的可行性,其次,为减少检测提离高度设计了扫查工装并在地磁场环境下对人工刻伤的涡轮叶片进行弱磁检测,最后通过磁梯度法与极值法相结合的方法对原始信号进行数据处理,提取...     

涡轮叶片精铸模具辅助机构参数化研究

涡轮叶片精铸模具是航空发动机涡轮叶片类零件精密铸造过程中的关键工装,其设计过程繁琐,使得采用现有通用软件系统进行模具设计时,只能依靠设计经验丰富的人员手工操作实现,自动化程度不高,严重制约了其设计周期。通过分析涡轮叶片的结构特征以及现有涡轮叶片精铸模具的结构特点,提取精铸模具的设计方案及模具辅助机构生成的设计知识,采用构建精铸模具模板库的方法,基于UG平台对涡轮叶片精铸模具辅助机构进行参数化设计,提高了设计效率,缩短了生产周期。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。