碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀过程热应力分析

为了评价防热材料的烧蚀性能,利用有限元软件ANSYS对碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀过程中热应力的分布与演化规律进行了数值模拟.计算了恒定热流边界条件下材料的瞬态温度场和热应力场,采用蔡-希尔准则对材料热解区进行了破坏分析.数值计算结果与试验测试及图像分析结果的比较表明,随烧蚀过程的进行,材料热影响深度逐渐增大,温度梯度减小;材料热解区存在因热膨胀引起的热应力峰值,并随烧蚀过程逐渐后移,热应力是导致材料裂纹产生并扩展的主要原因.     

防热复合材料高温体积烧蚀模型

分析了防热复合材料在高温烧蚀过程中所发生的物理－化学变化;根据能量和质量守恒定律,建立了防热复合材料的体积烧蚀模型,并对某碳／酸醛复合材料的烧蚀过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,材料的烧蚀不仅与温度而且与升温速率相关;升温速率越大,达到相同烧蚀温度时的烧蚀量减小,烧蚀过程中温度的渗透速度减慢,温度梯度减小。材料内部孔隙中气体的压力影响区域较温度的影响区域小,最大压力点随时间增加逐渐内移,最大压力相应增大。     

不同入口流速下生物质锅炉尾部烟气凝结的数值研究

生物质燃料燃烧后所产生的烟气中含有大量的水蒸气, 在锅炉尾部添加冷凝换热器回收冷凝热可以有效提高系统热效率。选用的生物质燃料烟气中水蒸气的体积分数为27.9%, 基于Mixture模型并选用Lee模型作为冷凝传质模型对尾部烟气凝结的传热传质特性进行了数值模拟研究。假设流动为稳态, 湍流模型采用标准k－ε模型, 求解选用Simple算法, 研究了烟气侧不同入口流速下(1~4 m/s)温度场、流场及液态水体积分数的变化规律, 对翅片管换热器的表面传热系数及换热量进行了对比分析。计算结果表明, 随着入口流速的增加, 烟气出口温度逐渐升高, 壁面凝结速率不断增大, 而冷凝水量逐渐减少, 同时翅片管换热器的表面传热系数及换热量逐渐增加。     

基于纯声子散射模型的纳米薄膜热传导分析

起粘结作用的薄膜结构厚度达到纳米尺度时,应用由微尺度观点建立的非傅立叶热传导模型分析其性能。文章采用纯声子散射模型分析绝缘薄膜结构的温度场和热应力,并与用在宏观尺度下的傅立叶热传导模型所得结果进行比较,同时研究绝缘薄膜结构热物理性能参数对温度场和热应力的影响。研究表明：采用纯声子散射模型分析结果与傅立叶热传导模型所得结果有明显区别,绝缘薄膜结构热物理性能参数对温度场和热应力也有显著影响。     

Zonal method solution of radiative heat transfer in a one-dimensional long roller-hearth furnace in CSP

A radiative heat transfer mathematical model for a one-dimensional long furnace was set up in a through-type roller-hearth furnace （TTRHF） in compact strip production （CSP）. To accurately predict the heat exchange in the furnace, modeling of the complex gas energy-balance equation in volume zones was considered, and the heat transfer model of heating slabs and wall lines was coupled with the radiative heat transfer model to identify the surface zonal temperature. With numerical simulation, the temperature fields of gas, slabs, and wall lines in the furnace under one typical working condition were carefully accounted and analyzed. The fundamental theory for analyzing the thermal process in TI＇RI-IF was provided.     

金属蜂窝夹芯板辐射导热耦合问题

针对金属蜂窝夹芯板,研究了其在气动加热条件下的非稳态传热行为.基于高温传热学原理,通过传热机制分析,建立了蜂窝夹芯板的导热-辐射一维瞬态耦合传热数学物理模型.在此基础上,采用控制容积法,结合蒙特卡罗法,发展形成了求解该类辐射导热耦合传热问题的数值方法,并给出了蜂窝夹芯板当量热导率和典型边界条件下金属蜂窝夹芯板瞬态温度场、非加热面热响应的计算方法,进行了典型算例计算和实验验证.结果表明,所建立的数值计算模型在预报蜂窝结构热响应方面是有效的,而且较之Swann-Pittman半经验关系式,提高了计算精度.     

固定床中煤与热载体颗粒混和热解规律的试验研究

本文对大同烟煤在热载体固定床（移动床）中的混和传热干馏规律进行了试验研究，获得一系列挥发份气体析出特性曲线和颗粒混和热解的总体传热系数．对煤粒径、热载体粒径及初始温度对混和传热干馏规律的影响进行了分析和讨论．本文所获得的试验结果可供热、电、气三联产成套装置中热载体固定床（移动床）干馏造气炉的工业设计参考使用．     

Effect of pre-oxidation on strength and thermal shock behavior of ZrB2-SiC-graphite ceramic composites

A novelty technique,namely,pre-oxidation,has been proposed to improve the strength and thermal shock behavior of ZrB2-SiC-graphite ceramic composites,which is a promising candidate for ultra-high tempe...     

O2／CO2气氛下煤燃烧过程中孔隙结构演化特征

在固定床和热重分析仪上对云浮烟煤焦在不同温度下O2／CO2燃烧特性进行研究．研究结果表明热解终温和温度是影响煤焦燃烧特性的主要因素,反应速率随着温度的升高而增大,并且热解终温对焦结构的影响是不可忽略的．这主要是由于孔隙结构的变化主要受挥发分析出和焦受热变形的影响．云浮烟煤O2／CO2燃烧过程中起始阶段比表面积（SBET）有增加趋势,这种现象的产生主要是由于煤焦燃烧过程中微孔的扩容和新孔的产生,并且比表面积与微孔孔容积的变化规律非常相似,而这由于SHET主要是由微孔来提供,但当转换率大于80％时由于孔坍塌造成SBET有减小的趋势．     

Ablation and radar-wave transmission performances of the nitride ceramic matrix composites

The 2.5 dimensional silica fiber reinforced nitride matrix composites (2.5D SiO_2f/Si₃N₄-BN) were prepared through the preceramic polymer impregnation pyrolysis (PIP) method. The ablation and radar-wave transparent performances of the composite at high temperature were evaluated under arc jet. The composition and ablation surface microstructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the 2.5D SiO_2f/Si₃N₄-BN composites have a linear ablation rate of 0.33 mm/s and high radar-wave transparent ratio of 98.6%. The fused layer and the matrix are protected by each other, and no fused layer accumulates on the ablation surface. The nitride composite is a high-temperature ablation resistivity and microwave transparent material. Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Fibers & Composites Foundation (Grant No. 2004js51488.0101.kg01.3) and the Innovation Foundation of National University of Defense Technology for Graduate Students (Grant No. 0603)     

Thermal design of a novel heat sink cooled by natural convection with phase transition in the series loop

In this paper, a novel heat sink, cooled by natural convection, with phase transition in the circulation loop was designed, and the heat sink was applied on averaging temperature and cooling the electronic equipment. The working fluid in the heat sink was driven by the capillary pump. Numerical simulations were performed, to study the heat transfer performance of two systems with various heating power, filling ratios and refrigerants. The influences of above elements on temperature uniformity of two systems were also studied and the thermal performances of two systems were compared. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was utilized to simulate fluid motion in ANSYS FLUENT. The simulation results indicate that the temperature differences of the system comprising two substrates (system 1) are very small under suitable filling ratio conditions, and the thermal performance of system 1 is preferable to the system comprising one substrate (system 2) at the same volume. Besides, the simulation results also show that the system using R245fa possesses excellent temperature uniformity for the same filling ratio and heating power. Finally, the experiments were investigated and the experimental results proved the correctness of the theoretical model.     

液冷系统中均热板气液相变的热质传输模拟

为提高电池热管理液冷系统的均温性,研究一种铝槽式均热板和直流式液冷板相结合的复合液冷系统,并建立相应的三维传热模型。采用Volume-of-fluid(VOF)多相流模型,模拟均热板槽道内丙酮工质的气液相变过程,以及与液冷流道的耦合传热过程,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性。研究结果显示,均热板可以提高液冷系统散热过程中的均温性,加热表面的温差可以控制在2.72 K以内。通过机理分析发现,其原因与均热板内部气液工质的热质传输过程有关。在液冷系统冷却液沿程温升的影响下,均热板腔室中的丙酮气相工质在长度方向上存在定向输运现象,相变产生的蒸汽会携带热量从高温区往低温区流动,从而抑制液冷板低温冷却水对加热表面温度分布的影响,提高了均温性能。     

Microstructure and deposition mechanism of C/SiCN composites prepared by rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbonitride ceramic matrix composites (C/SiCN) were prepared by rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD using liquid polymer hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS, (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3) as precursor. Microstructure morphology and production technique of C/SiCN composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were respectively employed to characterize microstructures of the as-received C/SiCN composites samples. The high temperature pyrolysis of HMDS results in destruction of molecular chain, fracture of bonds, as well as liquid-gas-solid conversion from polymer to ceramic. Microstructures observation indicates that there is a high degree of coalescence between SiCN matrix and C fiber. The deposition model of liquid precursor electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD is different from that of gas precursor isothermal chemical vapor infiltration. Rapid liquid flow and slow gas diffusion are key factors for the difference of two methods. Preparation of rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD consists of four steps including liquid polymer infiltration, polymer pyrolysis, rapid deposition of pyrolyzed substances and rapid densification, respectively.     

发动机冷却水提高车用天然气罐脱附性能分析

车用吸附存储天然气脱附过程产生的吸热效应,严重影响天然气脱附效率及汽车行驶速度．采用发动机冷却水来加热储气罐,并通过建立该脱附过程的数值模型,模拟计算了脱附过程中温度、压力、脱附量等参数的变化,论证了发动机冷却水用于补充脱附过程所需热量的可行性．结果表明：在脱附放气过程中,用发动机冷却水加热储罐壁面,可以提高储罐的平均...     

橡胶/粘土协同增韧环氧树脂的研究

采用橡胶/粘土协同增韧环氧树脂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对环氧树脂/橡胶/粘土复合材料的结构进行了研究,同时还研究了其力学性能.结果表明:纳米粘土和橡胶之间存在明显的协同增韧效应.从冲击断面的SEM分析可知,改性后的复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂.XRD结果表明,粘土结构以插层结构为主,粘土片层间距由2.3nm增加到3.5nm以上.复合体系解决了单纯橡胶增韧环氧树脂时带来的强度和耐热性差的问题,使复合材料的力学性能和热性能均有一定的改善.     

木聚糖快速热解试验研究

为了了解半纤维素的快速热解机理,研究了反应温度和载气体积流量对半纤维量的热解影响.采用木聚糖作为模化物,在红外辐射加热反应器进行快速热解试验研究.试验结果表明,木聚糖热解生成的焦油产率随温度升高而增加,达到最大值后随着温度的继续升高,焦油发生二次裂解使产率降低;焦炭产焦随着温度的升高而降低,最后趋近稳定值;气体产物主要有H2、CO、CO2、CH4以及CnHm,其产率随温度升高而增加.随着载气体积流量的降低，木聚糖热解产生的挥发分在高温区的停留时间增加，导致挥发分二次裂解加剧而使焦油产率降低，同时气体和焦碳产率相应增加.     

Heating process of thermosetting insulation materials for buildings

Polyurethane (PU) and phenolic (PF) foams used for building isolation were analyzed by thermal gravity/differential thermal analysis to determine their pyrolysis behavior, including the decomposition point and the maximum reaction rate point. Besides, the shape deformations of PU and PF foams were observed, and their oxygen index and the calorific value in combustion were also studied. The results showed that the pyrolysis of both PU and PF can be divided into three stages from room temperature to 1 000 ℃ in the atmospheric air, with total mass loss of 94.345% for PF and 88.191% for PU, respectively. The oxygen index of PU and PF decreased with increasing the temperature and the duration of the heat treatment. With the temperature increasing, the calorific values of both materials were reduced remarkably. These results of the PU and PF could provide basic data of the thermal stability and fire safety design in the application of thermosetting insulation materials.     

非傅立叶模型层状复合陶瓷结构热传导分析

用非傅立叶热传导模型分析层状复合陶瓷结构的温度场,并与单热涂层结构的结果进行比较,同时进一步研究了夹层热物理性能参数对温度场的影响。研究表明：夹层可以有效地减缓内部结构的温度变化,夹层热物理性能参数（如：松弛时间、声速）对结构层的温度场有明显影响。     

可调卫燃带对燃煤锅炉热力特性的影响

介绍了可调卫燃带的概念与工作原理，并采用校核热力计算的方法，详细研究了煤种、负荷变化时可调卫燃带对炉膛吸热量、汽温、炉膛平均烟温、炉膛出日烟温、主要受热面进出日烟温等参数的影响。计算表明：可调卫燃带可使锅炉在更宽广的负荷范围内维持额定汽温：可提高低负荷时的热空气温度，可作为改善锅炉热力特性的一种有效调节手段。     

低压片状模塑料的热传导与模具的热设计

研究了LPMC的热性能参数和热传导性能,并通过建立热传导模型对模具表面的热量分布进行了分析。采用Matlab的PDE工具对模具表面温度进行模拟,研究了大尺寸平板制品模具的热设计,并对模具加热管的分布进行了优化设计,使模具表面温度在片材固化阶段温度分布达到均匀。