校园周边熟食中金黄色葡萄球的分离及肠毒素基因检测

了解校园周边熟食中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染及其肠毒素基因的分布情况。采集校园周边农贸市场及其路边小摊的熟食样品89份,采用国家标准GB4789.10-2016和PCR方法进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定;采用PCR方法对分离菌株进行21种肠毒素基因检测。结果表明共分离出71株金黄色葡萄球菌,样品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染率为79.78%,其中,农贸市场和路边小摊的熟食污染率分别为80.70%(46/57)和78.12%(25/32);检测的21种肠毒素基因中,sec、see、seh、sel、sep和ses未检出,其他15种基因型被检出,包括3种传统肠毒素基因和12种新型肠毒素基因。71株金黄色葡萄球菌中,46株菌株检出携带肠毒素基因,检出率为64.78%(46/71)。46株携带肠毒素菌株中,sex检出率最高为86.96%(40/46),sei和sem为32.61%(15/46),sen和seo为30.43%(14/46),set为21.74%,seg为13.04%,sea、seb和ser为10.87%,sej和seu为6.52%,sek和seq为4.34%,sed为2.17%。通过本研究发现校园周边农贸市场及路边小摊的熟食中金黄色葡萄球菌污染率和肠毒素基因携带率均较高,新型肠毒素基因检测率高于传统肠毒素基因型,研究结果为金黄色葡萄球菌食品安全提供参考依据。     

食品基质中不同金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因型表达差异研究

目的 比较研究食品基质中不同金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素(Staphylococcal enterotoxins ,SEs)基因型的蛋白表达差异,为预防金黄色葡萄球菌食物中毒提供参考依据。方法 采用特异聚合酶链反应方法(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)对食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行肠毒素基因型检测;选择sea、seb、sec、sed等基因型阳性菌株,分别接种于胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(trypticase soy broth,TSB)、牛奶、鸡肉中,按照国家标准GB 4789.10—2016酶联免疫吸附试验法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)定量检测TSB培养基、牛奶和鲜鸡肉中不同金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因型的蛋白表达量。结果 30株金黄色葡萄球菌中检测到14株肠毒素基因型阳性菌株,所占比例为46.67%,其中sea基因携带率最高(16.67%),而seb、sec、sed、seh则各占6.67%。SEA 在TSB、牛奶、鸡肉3种基质中的平均表达量为7.37 ng/mL,高于SEB、SEC、SED;不同基质环境对肠毒素的表达具有一定影响,如SEA、SEB、SEC、SED在TSB中的表达水平最高,平均表达量为9.04 ng/mL,牛奶次之,鸡肉最低。结论 肠毒素基因型的表达与菌株自身的调控及环境作用密切相关,本研究对肠毒素的产生机制进行初步了解,有助于进一步降低食物中毒风险。     

噬菌体编码的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A的 研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)是一种人畜共患的食源性致病菌,并且能够产生不同种类的毒素,其中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素(staphylococcal enterotoxin,SE)是引起食物中毒的一类主要毒素。金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(staphylococcal enterotoxin A,SEA)在食物中毒事件中的检出率最高,毒性最强,成为目前研究的热点。编码金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A的基因sea是由噬菌体携带并在菌体之间传播的。本研究主要综述了编码SEA的噬菌体与SEA之间的关系、SEA的分类、在不同的食品基质中环境因子对SEA产生量、sea基因相对表达量的影响及SEA新型的检测方法等,并介绍了目前金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素研究的难点及研究方向的分析。     

PCR检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因

目的:检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因谱携带情况,探讨与食物中毒发病相关的金黄色葡萄球菌基因类型。方法:取食品中检出的金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离培养鉴定,通过PCR技术检测样本18种不同型的肠毒素基因的携带情况,并进行统计学分析。结果:食品中检出的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因有较高的阳性检出率,主要检出sea、seb、sei、seg、sel、sem、sen等基因,其中sea基因检出率最高,达到77.27%;sei、seg、sem、sen基因具有相关性,检出率为9.09%;seb、sel基因的检出率为4.55%。结论:在食品中主要检出金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素sea、sei、seg、sem、sen、seb、sel等基因,其中,sei、seg、sem、sen基因的相关性还有待进一步深入研究。     

2010~2011年四川省部分地区牛乳生产链金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素基因的分布

2010~2011年间从四川省部分牛乳生产企业采集生产环节(生鲜牛乳-车间半成品牛乳-成品牛乳)牛乳样品893份,用GB 4789.10~2010方法结合科玛嘉显色培养基,从中分离鉴定出191株金黄色葡萄球菌,样品总检出率为21.4%(191/893),其中生鲜牛乳检出率(26.4%)高,生产车间半成品牛乳(7.1%)次之,成品牛乳未检测出。利用多重PCR方法对部分金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的肠毒素基因(SEA、SEB、SEC、SED)进行检测。结果显示,22.3%(27/121)菌株携带肠毒素基因,7.4%的菌株携带两种及两种以上肠毒素基因。其中,生鲜牛乳源、中间过程牛乳源及成品牛乳源菌株肠毒素基因携带率分别为23.9%(27株)、0.0%(0株)及0.0%(0株);121株金黄色葡萄球菌SEA、SEB、SEC、SED基因的总检出率分别为13.2%(16株)、10.7%(13株)、5.8%(7株)、3.3%(4株)。研究结果对金黄色葡萄球菌毒力机制研究与乳品质量安全控制具有参考意义。     

鸡肉生产中分离金黄色葡萄球菌的基因分型与耐药性分析

为探究鸡肉制品在加工过程中金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素基因分布、分子分型和耐药性情况,本研究对某鸡肉制品加工厂的生产加工过程进行取样,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增nuc基因对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,然后分析肠毒素基因分布情况,对获得带有毒素基因的菌株进行多位点序列分型（MLST）和耐药性研究。结果表明,260份样本中分离到38株金黄色葡萄球菌（其中携带肠毒素基因的菌株有24株）,检出率为63.16%;共检测到7种毒素基因型,其中sed携带率最高（60.53%）,依次为seg（26.32%）、see（21.05%）、sei（18.42%）、sec（10.53%）、sea（7.89%）、seh（5.26%）,携带两种及以上肠毒素基因的菌株有14株（36.84%）。24株携带毒素基因的菌株MLST分型都为ST型,分为3种ST分型,16株为ST7序列型（66.67%）;5株为ST5序列型（20.83%）;3株为ST464序列型（12.5%）。耐药性分析实验结果表明,抑菌效果最好的抗生素是万古霉素,38株菌株都对其敏感（100%）;绝大多数菌株都对抗生素有耐药性,依次为青霉素G（86.84%）、环丙沙星（60.53%）、克林霉素（55.26%）、四环素（52.63%）;对3-6种抗生素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株分别占18.42%、15.79%、23.68%、7.89%。研究结果表明鸡肉产品中存在金黄色葡萄球菌污染的情况,并且其中存在携带多种类型肠毒素基因的菌株,也存在具有多重耐药性的菌株。     

温州市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及分子流行病学特征研究

目的了解温州市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况,分析分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性、毒力基因分布及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型特征。方法依据GB 4789.10—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》进行菌株分离鉴定,采用纸片法进行药敏试验,mini-VIDAS法和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法分别进行肠毒素及其基因的检测,PFGE法进行分子分型。结果 4类食品388份样品中有16份样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为4.12%,其中生畜肉和生禽肉检出率较高,分别为13.89%(5/36)和11.11%(4/36)。所有菌株均有不同程度的耐药,对青霉素耐药率最高(100.00%,16/16),其次为红霉素(56.25%,9/16),多重耐药率为18.75%(3/16),未检出对甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素及其基因检测阳性率均为56.25%(9/16),其中seb、seg基因检出率较高,均为37.50%(6/16)。PFGE图谱分为12种PFGE带型。结论金黄色葡萄球菌在温州市食品中存在一定的污染率,且具有分子多态性、产肠毒素率及毒素基因携带率较高的特征,提示存在潜在的食品安全隐患。     

广州市白云口岸航空食品中金黄色葡萄球菌凝固酶基因分型及肠毒素基因研究

目的对2013—2015年从广州市白云口岸航空食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌进行基因分型研究,为食源性金黄色葡萄球菌分子溯源提供基础数据。方法以血浆凝固酶和肠毒素为目标基因,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对9株金黄色葡萄球菌进行基因分型,其中6株为航空食品分离株,1株为配餐车间大门手拭分离株,2株为标准菌株。肠毒素基因检测包括5种传统肠毒素基因(sea、seb、sec、sed、see)和6种新型肠毒素基因(ser、seg、seh、sei、sej、sep)。结果 6株航空食品分离株的血浆凝固酶基因扩增分型结果为2个PCR型,酶切后得3种亚型;肠毒素基因检测结果显示有2株航空食品分离株含有肠毒素基因,检出率为33.3%(2/6),检出的基因为2种传统肠毒素基因(sec、sed)和4种新型肠毒素基因(ser、seg、sei、sej),均同时携带2种以上肠毒素基因。结论血浆凝固酶基因扩增分型结果显示,不同时间、不同采集地点存在相同的基因型,提示金黄色葡萄球菌存在交叉污染的可能性;航空食品分离株共检出6种肠毒素基因,提示金黄色葡萄球菌基因型多样性,应加强其他新型肠毒素基因检测。     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素与多位点序列分型分子分型研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起临床疾病、社区感染和食物中毒的常见革兰氏阳性菌;肠毒素是参与金黄色葡萄球菌引起食物中毒、猩红热、全身感染等疾病的重要毒力因子;目前已发现27种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素,不同来源金黄色葡萄球菌携带肠毒素/类肠毒素存在差异;多位点序列分型(MLST) 是一门新兴的基于细菌多个管家基因位点差异性分析、可长期监测细菌遗传进化趋势的分子分型技术;截至2021年初MLST已建立128种细菌的分型数据库,金黄色葡萄球菌数据库中已有6583种分型,金黄色葡萄球菌ST分型存在明显的地区流行性,各地已形成独特优势克隆。目前研究表明金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素携带与MLST分型间存在一定的相关性,本文将围绕金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素、MLST分型及相关性进行综述。     

2005—2012年宁波市食源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因和多位点序列分型研究

目的了解宁波市食源性金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)肠毒素基因分布和分子分型特征。方法收集2005—2012年宁波市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌菌株,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测肠毒素A、B、C和D基因(sea,seb,sec和sed),对肠毒素基因阳性菌株利用多位点序列分型(MLST)进行分子分型。结果 2005—2012年共分离菌株190株,肠毒素基因阳性菌株为41株,阳性率为21.58%。4种肠毒素基因阳性率分别为7.37%(14/190)、5.26%(10/190)、8.95%(17/190)和5.79%(11/190),其中13株菌株具有两个及两个以上肠毒素基因。41株菌株可分为12个序列型(ST),以ST5、ST6、ST188和ST1为主,共占75.61%(31/41),在进化树上主要形成4个分支。结论 2005—2012年宁波市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌携带肠毒素基因频率较高,需加强监测。肠毒素基因阳性菌株与中国其他地区食品株在分子分型上存在较大差异。     

一起食物中毒事件中产独特肠毒素表型的金黄色葡萄球菌病原学分析

目的对一起疑似为金黄色葡萄球菌所导致的食物中毒事件进行葡萄球菌肠毒素检测,结合金黄色葡萄球菌病原学分析,为明确食物中毒诊断提供依据。方法根据流行病学调查,采用ELISA方法对可疑食物进行葡萄球菌肠毒素检测,同时对可疑食物和患者呕吐物进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离,运用Vitek2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪和血浆凝固酶试验鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对病原菌进行同源性分析,以ELISA方法对检出的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行肠毒素检测,用PCR方法对肠毒素基因进行分型。结果食物和患者样品中分别分离出2和11株金黄色葡萄球菌,PCR方法及ELISA方法对肠毒素分型结果显示,其中12株同时存在SEA、SEB、SED、SEE 4种肠毒素及相关基因,PFGE聚类分析显示,其中12株产肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌具有高度同源性。结论本起食物中毒事件为具有独特肠毒素表型的金黄色葡萄球菌导致,在金黄色葡萄球菌中毒实验室调查过程中,肠毒素检测结合病原菌溯源分析可以为相关公共卫生事件提供科学依据。     

Novel multiplex PCR for the detection of the Staphylococcus aureus superantigen and its application to raw meat isolates in Korea

A multiplex PCR assay that allows for the rapid screening of the 19 genes that encode staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (sea to see, and seg to sei), SE-like (SEl) toxins (sej to ser, and seu), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) (tst) was developed in this study. These toxins are included in the pyrogenic toxin superantigen (PTSAg) family and are responsible for many diseases such as staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) and TSS. The primers were designed based on dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO) technology to detect all of the 19 SAg genes in three sets of PCR. The developed multiplex PCR was applied to 143 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pork and chicken meat in Korea. Almost 50% of the strains possessed at least one of the 19 SAg genes. The most frequently found genes were seg, sei, sem, and sen (53 isolates, 37%), which were often found simultaneously in the same isolate. In those isolates, the seo (39 isolates, 27%) or seu (6 isolates, 4%) genes were frequently found together and this combination (seg, sei, sem, sen, and seo or seu) was considered to be a part of the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc). The sea gene (10 isolates, 7%) was the gene most frequently detected out of all the classical SE genes (sea to see). Although these classical SEs are considered to be major etiological factors in SFP, newly described SE or SEl genes (seg to ser, and seu) were more frequently detected than the classical SE genes in this study. There was no isolate detected containing the seb, sec, sek, sel, or seq genes. S. aureus possessing mobile genetic elements known to encode these SAg genes, such as egc, were presumed to be widely distributed among pork and chicken meats in Korea. The multiplex PCR developed in this study could be applied to the investigation of SAg genes in S. aureus strains isolated from various sources.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from white-brined Urfa cheese

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes in Urfa cheese samples and to characterize the enterotoxigenic potential of these isolates. From a total of 127 Urfa cheese samples, 53 isolates (from 41.7% of the samples) were identified by a species-specific PCR assay as S. aureus. Of these isolates, 40 (75.5%) gave positive PCR results for the 3' end of the coa gene. The coa-positive S. aureus strains were characterized for their population levels and enterotoxigenic properties, including slime factor, β-lactamase, antibiotic susceptibilities, production of the classical SEs (SEA through SEE), in both cheese and liquid cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for the presence of specific genes, including classical SE genes (sea through see), mecA, femA, and spa, by PCR. The genetic relatedness among the coa-positive S. aureus isolates was investigated by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the 23S rRNA gene spacer. The 23S rRNA gene spacer and coa RFLP analysis using AluI and Hin6I revealed 14 different patterns. SEB, SEC, and SEA and SEE were detected by ELISA in three cheese samples. Fourteen S. aureus strains harbored enterotoxin genes sea through see, and three strains carried multiple toxin genes. The most commonly detected toxin gene was sec (25% of tested strains). Of the 40 analyzed S. aureus strains, 3 (7.5%) were mecA positive. Based on tandem repeats, four coa and spa types were identified. The results of this study indicate that S. aureus and SEs are present at significant levels in Urfa cheese. These toxins can cause staphylococcal food poisoning, creating a serious hazard for public health.     

金黄色葡萄球菌食品分离株肠毒素基因分布及分型研究

目的 对2006-2009年上海市Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)食品分离株进行肠毒素基因检测和基因分型研究,以了解肠毒素基因的分布规律及S.aureus的流行特点.方法 利用PCR方法检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因,包括5种传统肠毒素基因(SEA-SEE)和4种新型肠毒素基因(SEG-SEJ);利用脉冲场凝胶电泳法对49株食品分离株进行基因分型.结果 本研究发现49株食品分离株中有19株含有肠毒素基因,16株含有传统肠毒素SEA和SEC,且SEC占93.8％,并检测到新型肠毒素SEG、SEI、SEJ和SEH.PFGE法基因分型显示5株菌不能被分型,其余44株可分为28个基因型,表现为基因型的多样性,且分离自不同时间的菌株具有相同的带型.结论 应加强食品中S.aureus的监测分析,为其引起的食物中毒的预防和控制提供科学依据.     

Application of extended single-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction for toxin typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in South Korea

The extended single-reaction multiplex PCR (esr-mPCR) developed in this study to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), including SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SEJ, requires fewer sets of primers than other conventional multiplex PCRs and can be used to detect newly identified staphylococcal enterotoxins SEs more readily. Esr-mPCR analysis of 141 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from abattoir and livestock product samples revealed that 27 of the S. aureus isolates were toxigenic, and two were 2 multitoxigenic isolates. The most prevalent SE type was SEI followed by SEA and SEH. In addition, we investigated the clonal relatedness of toxigenic S. aureus isolates by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). AP-PCR analysis of toxigenic S. aureus isolates revealed that the discriminatory power of AP-PCR was 9 (D=0.81), 8 (D=0.77), and 10 types (D=0.83) with primers AP1, ERIC2, and AP7, respectively. The combination of three each AP-PCR result could rearrange toxigenic S. aureus isolates into 10 types and five subtypes, with the D-value of 0.92. Interestingly, our data showed that toxigenic S. aureus isolates from different sources had different fingerprinting patterns although some of them carried the same types of SE genes. These data suggest that combinations of esr-mPCR and AP-PCR can provide a powerful approach for epidemiological investigation of toxigenic S. aureus isolates.     

2009—2018年广州市即食食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染情况和菌型特征

目的 分析2009—2018年广州市零售即食食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染情况,以及菌株肠毒素基因、耐药表型特征。方法 从广州市辖11个区的农贸市场、超市随机购买零售即食食品,增菌后分离金黄色葡萄球菌。对所有菌株进行多位点序列分型(MLST)、抗生素敏感性试验,并检测24种肠毒素基因。对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)进行葡萄球菌染色体盒(staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec,SCCmec)分型。结果 2009—2018年广州市采集的1 399份即食食品中共分离出157株金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)(检出率为11.22%),其中熟猪肉中金葡菌检出率(17.95%)相比非熟肉食品中金葡菌检出率(9.43%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);抗生素敏感性检测结果显示7株金葡菌为MRSA,检出率为0.5%;157株金葡菌对青霉素的耐药率高达83.43%,其次是四环素(55.41%)、红霉素(41.40%)、氯霉素(29.30%)、克林霉素(21.02%)、复方新诺明(20.40%)及庆大霉素(14.01%);对环丙沙星、苯唑西林及头孢西丁的耐药率均≤10.0%,对万古霉素、达托霉素、利奈唑胺均敏感。即食食品中优势克隆复合体(CC)为CC59(25.48%),其次为CC6(17.83%)、CC398(10.83%)。菌株特征分析结果发现对3种或3种以上抗菌药耐药的菌株占比,CC59和CC398大于CC6(P<0.001),而所有CC6菌株都携带seg, sei, sem, sen, seo及seu,远高于CC59(P<0.001)。结论 广州市即食食品中的优势菌群是CC59、 CC6和CC398,这3种优势克隆群在国内临床患者和食物中毒分离株中也很常见,需要公共卫生部门引起重视,加强对市售即食食品中金葡菌的监测。     

The detection of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction

A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure was developed for the detection of fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI together with the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) genes of Staphylococcus aureus. One hundred and twenty-nine cultures of S. aureus were selected, 39 of which were recovered from 38 suspected staphylococcal food-poisoning incidents. The method was reproducible, and 32 different toxin genotypes were recognized. The presence of SE genes was associated with S. aureus strains reacting with phages in group III, and the TSST-1 gene with phages in group I. There was a 96% agreement between the PCR results for detection of SEA-D and TSST-1 as compared with a commercial reverse passive latex agglutination assay for the detection of SEs from cultures grown in vitro. Enterotoxin gene fragments were detected in S. aureus cultures recovered from 32 of the 38 suspected staphylococcal food poisoning incidents, and of these, 17 were associated with SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI in the absence of SEA-D. Simple PCR procedures were also developed for the detection of SE directly in spiked food samples, and this was most successfully achieved in mushroom soup and ham. Detection was less successful in three types of cheese and in cream. SEA or SEB were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three food samples (two of which were associated with food poisoning incidents) naturally heavily contaminated with S. aureus: the appropriate SEA or SEB gene fragments were detected directly in these three foods by PCR.     

市售凉皮中金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素基因、耐药特征检测及SPA分型

为监测并研究凉皮中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况,选取连锁超市、流动摊点、小餐馆和学校餐厅4?种销售渠道,在陕西杨凌地区进行为期一年的凉皮跟踪采样,共得样本432?个,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为24.3%（105/432）。检测sea、seb、sec、sed、see、seg、seh、sei、sej?9?种肠毒素基因,sea携带率最高为96.2%（101/105）,see次之为64.8%（68/105）,还有部分seb和sec检出,检出率分别为54.3%（57/105）和49.5%（52/105）,seh检出率为1.0%（1/105）,sed、seg、sei、sej的检出率则均为0.0%（0/105）。研究针对青霉素、氨苄西林和苯唑西林等14?种常见药物进行耐药性实验,105?株来自阳性样本的金黄色葡萄菌全部具有耐药性,对青霉素和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑耐受率为100.0%（105/105）,对头孢哌酮、环丙沙星、万古霉素和阿米卡星均敏感。此外,多重（n≥3）耐药率高达90.5%（95/105）,表型为青霉素-氨苄西林-甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑-阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率最高,为61.9%（65/105）。检测105?株金黄色葡萄球菌的SPA型别,共包括4?种结果,优势型别为t701（81.9%,86/105）,其次是t441（16.2%,17/105）,t127和t796占比最少均为1.0%（1/105）。最终,发现该地区所售凉皮除学校餐厅外,其余3?种销售渠道的检出率均较高,且菌株具有较高的肠毒素基因携带率和耐药性,优势SPA型别为t701和t441,为相应监管部门提供一定理论指导。     

Comparison of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of food poisoning outbreak isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with isolates obtained from bovine mastitis milk and pig carcasses

Staphylococcus aureus is the etiological agent in a variety of infections in humans and livestock and produces enterotoxins leading to staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), one of the most prevalent foodborne intoxication diseases worldwide. Pork and bovine milk are considered possible sources of SFP because pig skin is often colonized by S. aureus and bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus is common, but conclusive data are limited. The objective of the present study was to compare S. aureus isolates associated with cases of SFP with isolates obtained from bovine mastitis milk and pig carcasses. DNA microarray analysis and spa gene typing were performed with 100 S. aureus isolates: 20 isolates related to outbreaks of SFP in humans, 39 isolates obtained from pig carcasses, and 41 isolates collected from bovine mastitis milk. No overlap in spa types was observed for SFP isolates (t008, t015, t018, t024, t056, t084, t279, t377, t383, t648, t733, t912, t1239, t1270, t4802, and t6969) and isolates gathered from milk or pork. The porcine isolates were assigned to t034, t208, t337, t524, t899, t1939, t2922, t2971, t4475, and t7006, and the bovine isolates belonged to t267, t524, t529, t1403, t2953, t7007, t7008, and t7013. Comparison of microarray profiles revealed similar virulence gene patterns for isolates collected from the same host (pigs or cattle) but few similarities between SFP isolate profiles and the profiles of isolates obtained from bovine mastitis milk and pig carcasses. Although only some bovine and porcine isolates possessed the β-lactamase gene blaZ (milk, 24%; pork, 28%), significantly higher numbers of SFP isolates contained blaZ (90%). Investigations of these isolates provided no evidence that pork or bovine mastitis milk represent common sources of SFP.