山地收割机液压驱动系统仿真分析

为解决收割机在山区行走作业时适应性问题，设计出一套基于负载敏感原理的山地收割机液压驱动系统，在分析液压驱动系统工作原理的基础上，基于AMESim搭建驱动系统的仿真模型。仿真分析了该驱动系统在变负载启动、匀速、制动以及转向和爬坡工况下的动态特性。仿真结果表明:山地收割机驱动回路能够按照工况要求实现指定动作，抗干扰能力强，操控性强;且在该系统中液压马达的转速大小取决于多路阀开口的大小，与外界负载无关，更利于实现速度及速度同步控制。研究结果表明:所设计的基于负载敏感原理的山地收割机液压驱动系统能实现工作需求。     

基于AMESim的智能综采工作面电液控制系统的

以智能综采工作面电液控制系统为研究对象,介绍该系统的工作原理,分析五柱塞乳化液泵、卸载阀、电液换向阀组的工作原理和结构特点,建立关键元件的数学模型。基于AMESim仿真软件,构建系统关键元件的仿真模型,对不同工况状态下的系统进行仿真,分析卸载阀关键结构参数对系统压力特性的影响。结果表明：仿真模型准确,液压系统性能良好,乳化液泵的流量仿真结果与传统计算方法数值吻合,卸载阀不同阻尼孔参数对系统压力特性影响效果不同。     

挖掘机工作装置中多路阀的研究

由于挖掘机挖掘工况的不确定性,会出现泵供油不足的情况.针对这种情况,力士乐公司开发了负载独立流量分配系统.对负载独立流量分配系统中的多路阀进行了研究,建立了多路阀数学模型,并利用仿真软件MATLAB/SIMU-LINK进行了仿真.通过仿真分析了液压油通过多路阀的流量分配特性和多路阀结构参数对流量分配的影响,为多路阀的结构参数的设计提供依据.     

非对称液压缸EHA专用流量匹配阀的设计与分析北大核心

针对泵控电动静液作动器(EHA)非对称液压缸流量不匹配问题,提出一种采用流量匹配阀解决系统流量不平衡的方案。建立EHA系统AMESim模型,分析流量匹配阀在四象限工况下和不同负载条件下对EHA系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明:在四象限工况下液压缸压力振幅总体小于0.02 MPa,系统运行稳定;在第一象限工况下,流量匹配阀的内阀芯位移振幅在0.3 mm左右波动,液压缸压力振幅小于0.01 MPa,负载变化对系统稳定性无明显影响。与采用液控单向阀方案相比,系统压力达到稳态用时缩短53.1%,最大行程时压力损失有效减少35.9%。所设计的流量匹配阀不仅解决了非对称液压缸流量不平衡的问题,而且对泵控非对称液压缸EHA的优化设计具有借鉴意义。     

混合负载敏感控制系统特性研究

负载敏感液压控制系统在多执行器复合工况下,液压泵容易出现流量饱和工况,使得系统的负载敏感特性较差。针对上述问题,设计一种混合型压力补偿液压控制系统,建立该系统的数学模型和AMESim仿真模型,进行理论和仿真分析。结果表明:混合型负载敏感压力补偿系统定差阀前置支路具有大流量优先特性,且液压泵出现流量饱和时,在满足流量优先的条件下,剩余流量能够按照比例进行分配,实现抗流量饱和。研究结果为负载敏感压力补偿系统的设计提供参考。     

自走式蓝莓采摘机行走液压系统的设计与仿真

满足自走式蓝莓采摘机的工作性能要求,设计一种自走式蓝莓采摘机的行走液压系统。简要介绍该机的主要参数、结构、工作原理及工作流程,完成对行走系统主要元件的选型。利用AMESim软件对行走液压系统进行建模与仿真,仿真了左前轮打滑和左侧双轮打滑的两种工况。仿真结果表明：在左前轮打滑工况下,可以实现前侧流量强制分流,从而帮助采摘机脱离打滑状态;在左侧双轮打滑工况下,可以实现整机流量强制分流,从而帮助采摘机脱离打滑状态,符合设计要求,仿真结果为自走式蓝莓采摘机以及其他自走式采摘机械的行走液压系统的防打滑工况设计提供了参考。     

宽窄行甘蔗种植机液压系统设计与研究

根据甘蔗宽窄行种植机的实际自动化作业需求,设计了该种植机的液压系统,并基于AMESim建立系统仿真模型,研究种植机液压系统液压特性和排种机构的输出特性。在比例调速阀的AMESim模型中,通过调节减压阀弹簧的初始力、初始位移和刚度大小、反馈腔的阻尼孔等主要参数获得了与产品样本一致的输出特性,从而为比例控制回路仿真提供合理的仿真参数,系统的其他仿真参数则由理论计算得到。仿真和试验结果表明:在种植机正常运行工况下,比例调速阀有较好的稳定速度的作用,在泵出口压力为10 MPa和泵出口流量20 L/min的条件下各执行元件都能协调工作,排种机构的转速最大误差为5.5%,种植机在不同行走速度下的播种间距均匀性较好,为甘蔗种植机的研究提供了参考。     

大流量工况下液压阀流道流场数模分析

液压阀用于控制液压系统中液流的压力、流量和方向,因此液压阀性能的好坏对整个系统的性能起着至关重要的作用。以某型号滑阀式多路换向阀为研究主体,建立了液压滑阀内流道不同阀口开度的流场稳态分析模型。基于FLUENT软件分析大流量工况下不同阀口开度时阀内整个流域压力、速度的分布规律,并进一步对节流口1内部复杂流场进行了数值模拟。     

一种用于起重机起升系统的平衡阀动态特性分析与结构优化

对一种用于起重机起升系统的平衡阀进行动态特性分析,讨论了不同工况下平衡阀的工作原理,找出影响系统稳定性的各项因素,分析了不同阻尼孔直径和平衡阀阀口截面梯度对平衡阀流量特性的影响,同时提出结构优化方案。仿真和测试结果表明:所提出的优化方案可以有效改善平衡阀的动态特性,减小负载下落时系统液压波动现象,为平衡阀的研究设计提供理论支持。     

压裂液连续混配石油设备液压系统分析与优化

压裂液连续混配常规采用阀前负载敏感液压系统作为其液压动力系统,由于混配施工工艺不断改良细化,在大扭矩工况下多马达复合动作,液压系统流量饱和情况下流量优先向轻载分配。为解决这一问题,优选阀后负载敏感液压系统,在流量供给不足情况下,同比减少各负载流量供给,实现马达同步动作。基于AMESim仿真软件,分别搭建连续混配设备阀前及阀后负载敏感液压系统仿真模型,得到泵与马达压力、流量及功率变化曲线。仿真结果表明:阀后负载敏感系统中,负载敏感泵输出功率始终与负载所需功率相匹配;系统流量充足时,泵输出流量始终随着系统所需流量的变化而变化;系统流量不足时,阀后负载敏感阀可以实现流量共享,各马达负载同步动作。实验结果表明：仿真与实验数据差距小于3%,阀后负载敏感系统可以按照阀口开度比例分配各路负载流量,实现各负载平稳动作。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.