液压压力顺序控制回路故障分析及对策

基于顺序阀的液压压力顺序控制回路如设计不当会出现控制失效的现象.以典型回路为例,对内控式、外控式顺序阀的结构和特性进行分析,找出原回路控制失效的原因在于控制顺序阀的开启压力不是液压缸实际工作压力,据此对原回路进行改进,用外控式顺序阀取代内控式顺序阀,系统工作可靠性提高.     

矿用液压缸动载特性的仿真及试验研究

基于AMESim仿真计算,综合软件中机械元件库、液压元件库及液阻库,建立了矿用液压缸动载加载系统的仿真模型,对动载条件下液压缸无杆腔的压力特性进行模拟分析,进行了液压缸动载过载的现场测试试验并同步监测无杆腔压力波动,仿真计算数据在一定误差范围内与试验数据吻合,验证了文中仿真模型搭建及参数设定的准确性。在此基础上通过修改仿真模型的技术参数,对矿用液压缸在不同工况条件下的动态特性进行仿真计算,对比不同工况下的液压缸无杆腔压力-时间曲线,得出结论:增大液压缸初撑压力以及无杆腔容积有利于增强液压缸的抗冲击能力;动载过载条件下安全阀超调量达到36%,1.2 s后完全泄压;液压缸动载过载冲击试验台蓄能器对液压缸压力特性的影响表现在随着蓄能器容积的增大,初期无杆腔压力峰值明显增大,后增强趋势逐渐放缓,蓄能器容积达到300 L后影响强度基本为0。     

立式磨粉机液压系统关键参数研究

在分析了典型高压辊式立磨液压加压系统主要工作原理的基础上,对液压系统缓冲过程进行了理论研究,并在AMESim环境下建立了该液压系统的仿真模型。重点分析了蓄能器充气压力与液压系统保压能力和液压缸活塞杆运动位移之间的关系,以及不同的料层厚度变化量对液压系统保压压力和液压缸活塞杆运动位移的影响。结果表明:蓄能器总容积越大,液压缸压力变化幅值越小,当容积大到30 L以上时,缓冲效果即不再有明显改善;蓄能器连接油管直径越大,缓冲效果越好,内径在18 mm以上时效果比较好;蓄能器充气压力越大,系统保压能力越强,但过大的充气压力会引起缓冲过程中液压缸活塞杆振动过大;料层厚度变化量的增加会同时引起液压缸活塞杆振动幅值和液压缸压力峰值的增大。     

单活塞杆液压缸动态性能参数影响因素的研究

以设计的单活塞杆液压缸为研究对象,建立了液压缸的数学模型,分析得到液压缸的动态性能参数固有频率和阻尼比与液压缸的等效质量、负载容积、活塞面积和液压介质的弹性模量等因素有关。研究了活塞杆伸出过程中,液压缸固有频率和阻尼比动态性能参数值的变化,对阀控缸系统和容积式调速回路系统的数学建模和分析有重要的参考价值。     

插装式顺序阀压力恢复特性的探讨

插装阀在冶金装备中有着广泛的应用,本文建立了插装式顺序阀的数学模型,对插装式顺序阀在出口突然失去载荷情况下进口压力恢复过程进行了仿真分析,仿真与实验结果吻合,验证了数学模型,介绍了阻尼孔直径、弹簧刚度、进口流量等变化对进口压力恢复特性影响的实验结果。     

二次增力可调立式液压缸试验台架的设计

液压缸试验台普遍不能满足高压缸的试验要求、不能满足液压缸工作状态模拟的试验要求。在不改变液压缸试验台液压系统压力的条件下,通过设计二次增力可调立式试验台架的方法,大幅度提高了液压缸试验台的试验压力,满足了立式液压缸静态或动态地模拟偏载和稳定性试验要求,同时也提高了液压缸试验台的使用寿命。     

基于AMESim的闭式液压系统动态特性与热力学分析

为研究某闭式液压转向系统的动态特性并进行热力学分析,建立该液压转向系统的仿真模型及热液压模型。结合设计要求及现场试验,研究液压泵流量、溢流阀压力以及系统负载对转向特性的影响,并对转向液压缸两腔压力进行对比分析。结果表明:较低的流量输出可减小液压冲击,过高的负载会产生较大的液压冲击,加入蓄能器能大幅改善液压缸工作压力的稳定性。通过建立的热液压模型,对系统的温升过程进行了仿真分析,结果表明:溢流阀设定压力对液压缸温升影响较大,应根据负载实际情况设定合适的溢流压力;负载的增加导致液压油温度升高,进而造成溢流损失、液压缸内泄漏增加以及管路摩擦力上升,在实际中应避免系统工作在极端负载状况。通过现场试验,完成了系统参数的重新匹配,改善了液压系统动态特性,同时使得油温大幅下降。研究结果为闭式液压系统动态特性及热力学设计提供了参考。     

LabVIEW在液压缸试验测控系统中的应用

设计了基于LabVIEW的液压缸试验测控系统。在分析了液压缸试验系统的原理、组成的基础上,根据系统相应的输入输出信号对控制系统进行硬件配置。以液压缸试验系统为研究对象,使用工控机作为处理器,对试验系统执行元件进行控制,应用采集卡对位移、压力等参数进行数据采集;利用LabVIEW对数据进行处理和显示并进行画面的编制,实现了对试验系统的实时测控。     

柱塞式注浆泵容积效率分析及优化设计

针对柱塞式注浆泵普遍存在的容积效率低的问题,提出缩短提升阀运动时间和改进液压系统两种优化方案。首先对提升阀阀头运动过程进行建模分析,求解了柱塞式注浆泵完成一次注浆的反浆量,得知反浆量与提升阀运动时间以及注浆压力有关,并通过实验对比验证,随着提升阀运动时间的缩短,反浆量越小,容积效率越高;对现有注浆液压系统原理分析,在系统中增设顺序阀,通过控制水平提升阀和竖直提升阀的开关顺序,避免了反浆现象,提高了容积效率。     

高强钢单机架轧机伺服系统压力异常分析

针对实际生产中高强钢单机架侧支撑伺服系统液压元件损坏问题,分析了非对称伺服阀控制非对称液压缸参数对液压缸两腔压力的影响。分析结果表明,现场液压元件损坏是由于液压缸内部压力超出元件最大工作压力所致;通过优化伺服阀参数、减小系统工作压力、选择更高工作压力的液压元件可以解决类似液压元件损坏。分析方法和分析结论可供同类液压系统的设计和使用借鉴。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。