应用光栅自成像的编码器莫尔条纹信号提取

为解决高密度圆光栅的工程应用难题,应用光栅自成像原理,用较大的光栅副间隙获得了高质量的莫尔条纹信号.文中用傅里叶光学理论分析了单色平面波照明下的双光栅菲涅耳衍射场,建立了双光栅菲涅耳衍射场光强分布的数学模型,并用MATLAB软件对光栅菲涅耳衍射像光强分布和莫尔条纹信号进行了数值仿真,分析了各种参数对莫尔条纹信号的影响,最后通过信号提取实验对理论分析进行了验证.     

反向莫尔条纹

目前,莫尔条纹技术在仪器仪表以及机床等方面得到了广泛的应用。所使用的光栅种类有:长光栅、径向光栅、切向光栅和圆光栅等。这种结构简单、原理也并不深奥的曲线族——光栅,在世界各国仍在不断地研究与探索,推动着莫尔条纹技术不断地向前发展。     

采用神经网络控制的超精密平面定位

设计了一种基于激光莫尔信号的超精密平面定位装置,该装置可实现高精度位置检测及X-Y-θ 三自由度的全自动精密平面定位。激光莫尔信号传感器为相位相差 180°的两组衍射光栅,构成差动光栅技术,可有效提高位置检测信号灵敏度及定位精度。针对系统存在非线性,精确控制模型难以建立的缺陷,提出基于 RBF 神经网络的精密定位控制,其控制响应快、稳定性好、鲁棒性强,可有效改善控制质量,提高定位速度。实验结果表明,基于激光莫尔信号的精密定位装置可获得亚微米级的平面定位精度。     

一种不用透镜的简单光栅结构

我们设计了一种简单的光栅结构,不用透镜而只用粗光栅(如每毫米三条线的光栅)就可直接得到莫尔条纹,还可以克服条纹弯曲的缺点。甚至在弧形光栅的情况下边,可以产生直线平行的质量很好的莫尔条纹。结构如图所示,将动光栅和定光栅的线条以及线光源都装成互相平行(实际上稍有一些     

数显式万工显数显装置常见故障及处理

一、数显装置的工作原理数显装置由光栅传感器和光栅数显表组成 ,基本组成部分如图 1。光栅传感器的结构如图 2。光源 1发出的光经聚光镜 2形成平行光 ,通过主光栅 3和副光栅 4产生明暗相间的莫尔条纹 ,当主、副光栅发生相对位移时 ,莫尔条纹发生相应变化 ,光电接收器 5 (一般为硅光电池或光电三极管 )接收莫尔条纹信号 ,并将光信号转换为电信号 ,此电信号随莫尔条纹的变化而变化 ,其变化的曲线近似为正弦波 ,经滤波、放大、整形、计数、送入计算机处理 ,在数显表上给出结果 ,并可打印、记录。数显装置采用的是开启式光栅传感器 ,在图 2中 :…     

无衍射光莫尔条纹空间直线度测量的原理与实验

提出用无衍射光和莫尔条纹进行空间直线度测量的技术。无衍射光用作直线基准并照射在一环光栅上，由于无衍射光斑也是一系列环状条纹，因此光栅上将发生莫尔条纹，光栅固定在移动物体上，若运动轨迹偏离无衍射光的中心线，莫尔环就将发生偏离，莫尔环的偏离量数倍于光栅的偏离量，由此产生一放大的二维直线度信号，图像处理技术用于计算机莫尔环的中心，理论和实验表明，该方法具有高灵敏度和抗激光漂移的优点。     

用虚光栅移相莫尔条纹法测量光学元件的角度偏差

引入一种处理静态干涉图的新方法———虚光栅移相莫尔条纹法,详细介绍了此方法的原理。它是一种基于虚光栅技术、移相技术和莫尔技术的载频图像处理方法,用这种方法处理一幅加有载频的干涉图时,可以实现干涉条纹移相的效果,且没有移相误差。以玻璃立方体楔角为例,介绍了虚光栅移相莫尔条纹法在光学元件的角度偏差测试方面的应用,给出了实验结果,并与ZYGO的测试结果进行比对,结果吻合,从而证实了这种方法的可行性。测量精度可达到0.1″,因此可应用于对角规精度的标定。     

莫尔条纹分析及其在光刻对准中的应用

从莫尔条纹用于光刻对准的实际应用出发,从傅里叶光学的角度重点讨论了一般光栅及线光栅对莫尔条纹的调制规律,并对广泛应用的低频(1,-1)级莫尔条纹进行了仿真分析.最后通过仿真分析说明,在光刻对准中,对栅线重复频率相差很小的两光栅对准标记,将产生对位移具有高灵敏度特性的放大莫尔条纹,从而实现高精度光刻对准,并对采用该对准方法的光刻对准精度进行了简要分析.     

理想环形莫尔条纹的获取

本文讨论了理想环形莫尔条纹获取的必要条件，推导出形成环形莫尔条纹的圆光栅刻线偏心量的理论计算公式，并提出了一种圆光栅刻划偏心量的快速调试方法。     

论计量圆光栅的质量指标

本文应用信息理论建立莫尔-富氏光场的数学模型,讨论误差对莫尔信号的调制,以期作为规定计量圆光栅质量指标的依据。所得结论对计量长光栅也同样适用。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。