生气勃勃的喷射印花

生气勃勃的喷射印花周宏湘辊筒、筛网等印花由来已久，而近十多年来，喷射印花、热转移印花、电子照相印花、静电印花和磁性印花相继脱颖而出，标志着印花技术正朝多极化的方向发展。其中，油墨喷射印花由于具有使油墨直接接触基质物的特色，而且可以采用通常同印或辊筒印...     

特种印花综述(二)

2.立体印花 纺织品的立体印花就是在平面织物上形成三维空间的立体图案的印花，如使织物表面形成有凸出感的发泡印花，起绒印花或者静电植绒印花，或使绒厚积物表面形成有凹下感的透明的烂花印花，它可以印在面料上，也可印在衣片，毛巾，成衣上，立体印花可视为纺织品印花的综合艺术，是一种高附加工值的手工艺品。     

纺织品印花(七)

问：请谈谈特种印花中的其它印花方法。答：在印花产品方面，涂料印花产品的数量已超过所有其它类型印花数量的总和。在涂料印花基础上，特种印花更是异军突起，势不可挡，上节中讲到的发泡印花愈来愈受到人们普遍的青睐，今天要讲的罩印、弹性罩印胶浆以及金箔印花、仿透明印花、变色印花等特种涂料印花是一般染料印花所不能达到的功能性印花效果，如白涂料作色边，加上发泡则可获得仿刺绣风格的产品。若在同一图案中，把这些工艺软件巧妙地加以结合，即可收到晶莹华贵、富丽堂皇、美不胜收的效果，这就达到了预期的目的：增加了产品的附加…     

特种印花综述(一)

介绍了国内外28只特种印花的特点、色浆组成和印刷工艺，并归纳为六大类特种印花。传统的特种印花，立体特种印花、仿真(漆印)特种印花，仿珍(珠光)特种印花、隐影(变色)特种印花及其它新型特种印花。所述资料较为系统和完整，为发展我国纺织品特种印花提供思路。     

棉针织物圆网印花工艺

在针织物圆网印花中，可根据花型特点与客户要求，选择全涂料印花、活性／涂料印花、活性直接印花等工艺。文中分析了棉针织物印花对前处理的要求，阐述了前处理产生的疵病对印花的影响，以及圆网印花工艺及设备，粘合剂、染料、分散剂及手感调节剂的选择原则，指出了印花工序中的注意事项。     

云纹印花及其电脑分色制版

随着人们物质生活水平的不断提高，市场对印花丝绸产品的需求越来越向高档次发展。云纹印花就是以其花形逼真、层次丰富，得到广大客户的青睐、从我厂近几年来印花生产的花样及客户的来样来看，其中云纹印花所占的比例越来越大。经过这几年对云纹印花研究、开发及生产实践，在云纹印花及电脑分色制版上，取得了一些经验和体会。所谓云纹印花，就是通过网点的疏密大小来达到由深到浅色彩层次过渡的印花。云纹印花的首道工序，也是云纹印花的关键工序——制作云纹加网胶片，它的好坏，将直接关系到云纹印花层次效果丰富与否，是云纹印花成败之…     

数字喷墨印花技术(五)

与普通印花一样，印花图案在数字喷墨印花过程中也具有极其重要的地位。在喷墨印花机和墨水等硬件设施不变的条件下，数字喷墨印花的效果主要取决于印花图案的质量。喷墨印花机使用的是数字化图案，因此喷墨印花图案的制作与圆网和平网印花等普通印花图案制作的方式有本质的区别。了解喷墨印花图案的制作工艺，对于广大印染工作者熟悉喷墨印花技术，推动喷墨印花技术的推广应用，具有十分重要的意义。由于介绍数字喷墨印花图案制作的专著和资料很少，笔者只是结合近年的研究工作，谈一些粗浅的看法，供大家参考。     

智慧印花能力及其未来印花趋势分析

随着时代的发展，人们对各类印花的需求增长。印花不仅能够为设计品增添时尚感，还可以传递品牌文化和理念。智慧印花作为数字化时代的产物，不仅能够提高印花生产效率和印花品质，还能够实现印花个性化定制等功能。以智能印花技术为研究对象，分析了其能力及未来发展趋势，以期促进智能印花技术成为我国相关行业发展的重要支撑力量。     

升华染料直接数码印花系统

Print Village公司及其数码升华印花分部美国升华新推出升华染料直接印花装置Velotex Xpress，它适用于图形、旗帜和标签印花。该系统组合前后道设备，采用一步法低成本印花，专用于商业展示图形、旗帜和标签印花，也可用于台布、双面旗帜和窗帘印花。与传统印花比较具有操作方便，安全性好，又有溶剂油墨印花的色牢度，而且无环境污染。     

新型涂料拔染印花浆的研制与应用

针对直接印花和传统染料拔染印花存在的缺陷，研究涂料拔染印花技术，以期获得优异的印制效果。本文从涂料印花糊的研制、新型涂料印花浆的制备、涂料拔染印花工艺以及涂料拔染印花地色染料和选择等方面作了详细介绍，并指出了生产中应该注意的事项，给出了新型涂料免汽蒸拔染印花工艺。     

Concentrations of 21 metals in 18 species of mushrooms growing in the East Black Sea region

Eighteen different species of wild mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus silvicola, Amanita muscaria, Amanita rubescens, Amanita vaginata, Boletus sp., Hydnum repandum, Hypholoma fasciculare, Laccaria lacceta, Lactarius piperatus, Lactarius sp., Lactarius volemus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Russula cyanoxantha, Russula sp., Russula delica, Russula foetens andTricholoma terreum) growing in the East Black Sea region were analyzed spectrometrically for their metal element (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, As, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Ba, Ni, Ti, Cr, Al, Bi, Sb, and Ag) levels. In the mushrooms, the highest metal concentrations were measured as 4.91, 3.48, 0.60, 92.5, 44.4, 176, 169, 0.72, 1.76, 106.4, 136, 51 000, 1320, 1.62, 145, 282, 1.68, 24.1, 1.84, 0.26, and 0.37 mg/kg (dry weight basis) for Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, As, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Ba, Ni, Ti, Cr, Al, Bi, Sb, and Ag in Russula foetens, Agaricus bisporus, Hypholoma fasciculare, Hydnum repandum, Lactarius sp., Tricholoma terreum, Amanita vaginata, Laccaria lacceta, Pleurotus ostreatus, Hypholoma fasciculare, Pleurotus ostreatus, Hypholoma fasciculare, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lactarius piperatus, Hydnum repandum, Russula sp., Agaricus bisporus, Russula delica, and Lactarius sp., respectively.     

基于无机多元素分析鉴别我国主要进口大米产地

目的利用大米中无机多元素分析数据建立判别模型,实现对4个我国进口大米主要产地的鉴别。方法采用ICP-MS和ICP-OES分析技术,测定了泰国、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸4个产地的76份大米样本中磷、钾、镁、钙、锌、钠、锰、铁、铷、铜、硼、铝、钼、镍、钡、锶、砷、钛、硒、铬、钴、铯、铅、镉、锂、钒、银、锑、铍、铊、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钪、钇等46种无机元素含量。通过对检测数据进行单因素方差分析、Fisher判别分析,建立了产地判别模型。结果4个产地大米的部分元素存在显著性差异,产地判别模型的原始校验准确率100%,交叉验证准确率96.1%。结论所建方法和判别模型对泰国、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸所产大米具有很好产地鉴别能力。     

中宁枸杞中矿物元素在生长期的动态变化研究

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱对宁夏中宁枸杞中55种矿物元素在不同成熟阶段的含量进行跟踪测定,分析其变化规律.结果表明,中宁枸杞中55种元素含量差异较大,Cu、Co、B、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ca、Cd、Cr、Ni、Ba、Sr、Rb、Ti、W、Ga元素含量在5个成熟阶段呈降低趋势,Fe、Zn、V、Pb、As、Hg、Sb、Tl、L...     

Measurement of energy cost of selected household and farm activities performed by rural women

A nutritional study was carried out on 30 rural, low-income women, aged 25 to 35 years, in the village of Dhandra, Ludhiana District, Punjab, India, to measure the energy cost of selected household and farm activities. The mean weight, mid-upper-arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness were below the reference standards. A negative energy balance among the subjects indicated their poor energy status. The energy costs of selected household and farm activities were assessed by the Caltrac personal activity computer. The energy costs of household activities--making dough, making chapatis, grinding masala, hand pumping, washing utensils, sweeping, mopping, washing the floor, mud pasting, and washing clothes--were 0.0306, 0.0281, 0.0595, 0.0337, 0.0266, 0.0424, 0.0530, 0.0331, 0.0634, and 0.0453 kcal/kg/min, respectively. The energy costs of farm activities--collecting fodder, chaffing fodder, milking, making dung cakes, picking sag, harvesting wheat, bundling wheat, picking paddy, brooming paddy, and separating paddy--were 0.0472, 0.0372, 0.0530, 0.0270, 0.0337, 0.0623, 0.0374, 0.0411, 0.0370, and 0.0744 kcal/kg/min, respectively. All selected activities were categorized as light, except for grinding masala, mopping, mud pasting, harvesting wheat, separating paddy, and milking, which were categorized as moderate on the basis of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) physical activity ratios. The Caltrac gave lower values for the energy costs of most of the activities. Although it is simpler and less costly, the Caltrec must be calibrated against methods of measuring oxygen consumption for similar activities.     

Constituents of the essential oil of Sideritis cretica boiss

The essential oil constituents of Sideritis cretica Boiss have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Over 30 compounds were identified or partially identified in the oil which was obtained by steam distillation. The compounds reported in this work are: limonene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, hexanol, nonanal, 1-octen-3-ol, a-copaene, linalool, octanol, 1-terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene, pulegone, β-farnesene, terpineole, borneol, carvone, naphthalene, zingiberene, trimethyl-dihydro-naphthalene, β-cadinene, ar-curcumene, anethol, damascenone, calamene, colacorene, hexenyl benzoate, γ-decalactone, drimenol, thymol, carvacrol, diterpenes, diethyl phthalate and benzyl benzoate.     

Elemental fingerprint of wines from the protected designation of origin Valencia

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OES), in combination with different chemometric approaches, has been used to verify the origin of different red wine samples from Utiel-Requena, Jumilla, Yecla and Valencia protected designation of origin (PDO). The ability of multivariate analysis methods, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), classification and regression trees (CARTs) and discriminant analysis (DA), to achieve wine classification from their elemental contents has been investigated. The calculations were performed using 38 variables (contents of Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Ho, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Tb, Ti, Tm, V, Y, Yb and Zn, at mg l⁻¹ level, determined by ICP-OES).     

Physicochemical Properties,Minerals, Trace Elements,and Heavy Metals in Honey of Different Origins: A Comprehensive Review

Honey is a popular natural food product with a very complex composition mainly consisting of both organic and inorganic constituents. The composition of honey is strongly influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, which vary based on its botanical and geographical origins. Although minerals and heavy metals are minor constituents of honey, they play vital role in determining its quality. There are several different analytical methods used to determine the chemical elements in honey. These methods are typically based on spectroscopy or spectrometry techniques (including atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). This review compiles available scientific information on minerals and heavy metals in honey reported from all over the world. To date, 54 chemical elements in various types of honey have been identified and can be divided into 3 groups: major or macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Cl), minor or trace elements (Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd, Tl, Co, Ni, Rb, Ba, Be, Bi, U, V, Fe, Pt, Pd, Te, Hf, Mo, Sn, Sb, La, I, Sm, Tb, Dy, Sd, Th, Pr, Nd, Tm, Yb, Lu, Gd, Ho, Er, Ce, Cr, As, B, Br, Cd, Hg, Se, Sr), and heavy metals (trace elements that have a specific gravity at least 5 times higher than that of water and inorganic sources). Chemical elements in honey samples throughout the world vary in terms of concentrations and are also influenced by environmental pollution.     

Dietary exposure estimates of 30 elements from the UK Total Diet Study

Dietary exposures of consumers to 30 elements (aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, germanium, gold, iridium, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, strontium, thallium, tin and zinc) estimated from the UK 1994 Total Diet Study are reported, and compared with those from previous UK Total Diet Studies and those from other countries. Dietary exposure estimates were generally low and, where comparisons are possible, similar to those from other countries and below the relevant Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes and Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intakes. For most of those elements included in previous UK Total Diet Studies, dietary exposures have declined.     

ICP/MS and ICP/AES elemental analysis (38 elements) of edible wild mushrooms growing in Poland

Thirty-eight elements, including toxic cadmium, lead, mercury, silver and thallium, were determined in 18 species of wild edible mushrooms collected from several sites in Pomorskie Voivodeship in northern Poland in 1994. Elements were determined by double focused high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), after wet digestion of the dried samples with concentrated nitric acid in closed PTFE vessels using a microwave oven. K, P and Mg were present at levels of mg/g dry matter; Na, Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn, Rb, Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cs, Sr, Al and Si were present at µg/g levels, while Tl, In, Bi, Th, U, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, La, Lu and Ba were present at ng/g levels.     

Toxic and nutrient elements in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Toxic and nutrient elements were investigated in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) from South America. Fifty-four brands of commercialised yerba mate from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay were analysed for Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr, and Zn, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, La, Ce, Pb, Bi and U using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Antimony, Se, Ag and Bi were not detected in any sample whereas the limits of detection (LODs) of these elements were 0.19, 0.40, 0.003 and 0.001 μg g^?1, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the concentrations of Cd, Ti, Ni, As, Mo, U, Li and Be in yerba mate were not statistically different with regard to the country of origin, while those of the other investigated elements differed.