单箱双室箱梁对称弯曲时的局部扭转效应

为研究单箱双室箱梁在对称竖向荷载作用下的受力特征,基于横截面的荷载等效原理与荷载分解,分析了单箱双室箱梁对称弯曲时的局部扭转效应。基于截面的剪力流平衡和箱室受力分解,得到了局部扭转的等效荷载及应力计算式。通过与有机玻璃模型试验和有限元模拟结果的对比,验证了局部扭转效应计算式的正确性,并获得了单箱双室简支箱梁的局部扭转效应下的应力分布规律。研究表明,单箱双室箱梁在仅中腹板作用竖向荷载及两边腹板作用相等竖向荷载时,均存在纵向弯曲和局部扭转的组合变形模式。局部扭转由约束扭转、畸变和横向弯曲效应组成,在截面引起纵向应力和横向应力。局部扭转效应的理论计算结果与模型试验和板壳有限元分析结果吻合良好,表明基于截面剪力流等效的局部扭转荷载求解方法对双室箱梁是适用的;单箱双室箱梁的局部扭转效应在荷载作用点附近截面最为突出,截面上、下缘纵向应力和横向应力以中腹板为拐点呈折线分布,其应力分布和大小与荷载在横截面上作用的部位紧密关联;对算例箱梁,局部扭转效应产生的纵向应力可达初等梁弯曲应力的25%。     

剪力滞对超静定箱梁结构性能的影响分析

提出一种考虑梁弯曲与剪力滞变形耦合影响的分析箱梁剪力滞效应的有限元方法,导出相应的有限单元公式。在此基础上,首先分析简支静定箱梁的剪力滞系数和考虑剪力滞影响的梁的挠度,并与相应的变分法解析结果作对比,然后分析超静定连续箱梁的剪力滞系数,将其结果用叠加法和系数矩阵法结果进行验证。最后分析剪力滞对超静定多跨连续箱梁内力及变形的影响。结果表明:剪力滞对静定和超静定箱梁变形及截面应力重分布的影响较大;剪力滞对超静定箱梁内力重分布的影响很小,可以在设计计算中忽略不计。     

部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验研究

本文根据18根部分预应力钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区的受力性能试验研究结果,探讨了负弯矩区裂缝产生与发展的规律。试验表明,影响裂缝宽度的主要因素为负弯矩区综合力比Rp、剪力连接件间距p和钢梁与混凝土板的相对高度比hs/hc:Rp和hs/hc越小,裂缝宽度越大;p越小,裂缝宽度越小。根据试验结果,本文建立了部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度的经验计算公式,形式上与现行的混凝土结构设计规范建议的受弯构件裂缝宽度计算公式统一。     

预制节段式无粘结预应力混凝土箱梁受弯扭剪共同作用分析

预制节段无粘结预应力混凝土箱型桥梁是一种在西方已推广的桥梁结构形式。它满足了人们使用工业化预制件快速施工的愿望。这种结构形式及施工方式可以节省大量施工时间并使施工不受天气影响。与有粘结预应力技术相比,无粘结预应力钢束一般有外保护层,可以防止由于混凝土开裂对预应力钢束的锈蚀损伤,保证结构的耐久性。本文针对预制节段无粘结预应力混凝土箱型桥梁受弯扭剪复杂作用力下的计算模型和破坏机理进行研究,并与德国步伦瑞克工业大学(TU Braunschweig)从事的试验结果相比较,证明了本文研究结果的正确性。     

Local buckling of thin-walled girders of triangular cross-section

A theoretical study of the local buckling of thin-walled girders under compound loading is presented. Girders of triangular cross-section with one axis of symmetry are considered. The following load cases are examined: compression, eccentric compression, pure bending and bending with shear. A parabolic distribution of shear stress in the webs is assumed when lateral forces are present.

The problem is solved using a semi-energy method, described in Jakubowski, S., Buckling of thin-walled girders under compound load, Thin-walled Structures,6 (1988) 129-50. Numerical results are presented in the form of diagrams. The analysis of buckling modes for the more complicated cases such as bending with shear has also been performed.     

考虑腹板剪切变形及滑移的波形钢腹板梁理论模型

在采用栓钉等柔性剪力连接件的波形钢腹板组合梁中,由于波形钢腹板较大的剪切变形及双界面剪切滑移,平截面假定不再适用。为此,通过将波形钢腹板梁的弯曲分解为顶底板整体满足平截面假定的主弯曲和顶底板各自满足平截面假定的次弯曲,引入波形钢腹板的剪切变形协调条件和界面剪切滑移关系,推导了考虑波形钢腹板剪切变形及界面滑移的波形钢腹板梁弹性弯曲微分方程,利用给出的横隔板对次弯曲和滑移的约束边界条件,求得了简支波形钢腹板梁在不同荷载作用下的解析解,并采用有限元分析予以验证。在此基础上,分析了横隔板及滑移对梁体弯曲性能的影响。结果表明：横隔板约束对梁体变形影响很小,但会使其附近梁段顶底板出现应力集中;当界面剪切刚度系数大于0.9时,在高跨比1/20~1/10范围内,考虑滑移与不考虑滑移梁跨中挠度比小于1.05;界面剪切刚度系数越小,横隔板附近梁段顶底板应力集中越严重。     

单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变分析及试验研究

为研究单箱三室波形钢腹板箱梁悬臂状态下的扭转与畸变性能,以乌曼斯基第二理论和箱梁理论为基础,考虑了波形钢腹板的褶皱效应对箱梁纵向刚度的影响,推导了单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变微分方程,并采用初参数法及弹性地基梁比拟法求解了约束扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力和剪应力计算式。通过1片单箱三室波形钢腹板双悬臂梁进行了偏载和对称加载试验,验证了扭转与畸变翘曲应力计算公式的正确性。最后,利用推导的理论模型,分析了梁高、箱室宽度及波形钢腹板厚度等参数对偏载作用下单箱三室波形钢腹板组合箱梁截面翘曲应力的影响。研究结果表明：提出的理论计算公式可用于准确计算单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变效应;悬臂梁翘曲正应力主要由畸变变形引起,而约束扭转主要产生翘曲剪应力,且悬臂梁扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力值和剪应力值与弯曲正应力和剪应力的比值较大,因此,单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂状态下扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力和剪应力不可忽略;梁高和箱室宽度对单箱三室波形钢腹板的翘曲应力影响较为显著,波形钢腹板厚度对其几乎没影响。     

剪力滞对斜拉桥中Π形主梁弯曲刚度影响分析

按实际施工动态过程分析剪力滞对Π形结合梁斜拉桥中主梁弯曲刚度的影响。基于能量变分法引入简化的剪力滞翘曲位移函数,导出一种可以考虑剪力滞与Π形结合梁弯曲刚度耦合影响的实用梁单元。该方法每节点采用两个剪力滞自由度,可以处理斜拉桥中集中弯矩引起的剪力滞位移边界条件突变和施工动态过程中荷载和剪力滞位移边界条件不断变化的问题。结合某Π形结合梁斜拉桥进行数值分析并与实测数据比较,验证了本文方法的有效性与准确性。研究表明,剪力滞效应使斜拉桥中主梁的抗弯刚度减小,且在悬臂施工阶段比成桥阶段的影响更大;相对于简支箱梁和连续箱梁而言,剪力滞对Π形结合梁斜拉桥主梁弯曲刚度的影响相对小一些,在悬臂施工阶段其对中跨的影响约为2%~7%,对边跨的影响约为3%~12%。     

考虑轴向位移的压弯Π形梁剪力滞分析

在截面纵向位移函数中引入截面轴向位移,以描述压弯作用下Π形梁截面的变形状态。基于能量变分法导出轴向位移、竖向位移和剪力滞位移之间相互耦合的控制微分方程组,求得压弯作用下Π形梁的位移解及其相应的边界条件。结合ANSYS软件,利用实体单元和导出的位移解及其边界条件分别对简支梁和悬臂梁进行分析,验证其有效性和可靠性。结果表明:剪力滞效应使得Π形梁中性轴和形心轴相互分离,截面不再绕形心轴转动;在弯曲作用下,剪力滞使简支梁截面弯曲刚度减小,悬臂梁固定端一侧1/4跨度内截面弯曲刚度减小,悬臂梁自由端一侧3/4跨度内截面弯曲刚度增加;在压弯作用下,轴向压力引起的剪力滞使简支梁梁端附近截面弯曲刚度减小,悬臂梁自由端一侧截面弯曲刚度增加。     

Force transfer mechanism in main cable anchorage zone of composite girder self-anchored suspension bridge

为探讨钢-混凝土组合梁自锚式悬索桥中主缆锚固力在主梁中的传递机制,以某大桥工程实例为原型,采用实桥测试试验和有限元法分析对自锚式钢-混组合梁悬索桥主缆锚固区的受力进行研究。结果表明：在恒载作用下,组合梁中混凝土板与钢主梁之间的剪力钉能有效抗剪,保证结构整体受力性能的要求;采用杆系全桥模型与局部精细化模型相结合,可以准确计算组合梁应力状况;主缆锚固力通过锚碇传递至组合梁主梁时,主梁发生纵向压缩与面外弯曲,主要受力构件为钢梁顶板和外腹板,钢梁通过腹板上方剪力钉将部分内力传递至上方混凝土板,在横梁作用下分布在两侧的内力向中间扩散,最终形成截面整体共同受力。     

Experimental and analytical studies on a streamlined steel box girder

A new type of streamlined girder (lenticular cross-section) bridge with a thin-walled steel box girder is proposed. In order to deal with the problem of increasing traffic congestion, this bridge is designed with a large width-to-span ratio, which results in significant shear lag effects and causes non-uniform stress distribution in the three-cell thin-walled box girder, especially along the flanges of the girder. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of shear lag in thin-walled box girder bridges with large width-to-span ratios through both experimental and numerical studies. A large-scale Plexiglas model is tested under different loading cases. The material parameters are obtained from physical characteristics tests and tensile tests. In addition, a computational model is presented for a comprehensive simulation of a girder bridge including the orthotropic top/bottom/web plates and their ribs, which leads to accurate modeling of structural properties of the girder. The simulation of the computation results compared well with the experimental results. It is illustrated that the finite element analysis is an effective method to predict properties of this class of bridges.     

Theoretical model of the determination of the deformation rates of RC beams

A theoretical model for the determination of the moment vs. curvature, and shear force vs. shear deformation relationships based on the stress–strain curves of materials given in ENV (1991), with material characteristics obtained from the tests of concrete and steel specimens is presented. A comparison of the theoretical values with the results of tests for reinforced beams subjected to the concentrated force shows good agreement for both the curvature and shear deformations. The values of the deformation work due to bending moments as well as those due to shear forces were also determined.     

木梁柱螺栓钢填板节点转动性能理论计算方法

文章首先通过单调加载试验研究胶合木梁柱螺栓钢填板节点在弯剪复合作用下的转动性能,随后基于Johanson屈服模型提出胶合木梁柱钢填板螺栓节点在弯剪复合作用下的极限承载力和节点刚度的计算方法;同时提出节点弯矩转角曲线的理论预测模型.理论计算与试验结果相比具有较高的准确性.最后,基于节点承载力的理论计算方法分析节点抗剪承载...     

不同荷载形式对悬臂箱形梁剪力滞的影响

剪切变形的影响使得箱形梁的翼板中出现应力不均匀现象,尤其是悬臂箱形梁剪力滞现象.以最小势能原理为基础,推导并讨论了3种形式的荷载:集中力、梯形荷载、正弦形荷载对悬臂单箱单室箱形梁剪力滞的影响,得出考虑剪力滞效应后弯曲法向应力有较大变化的结论,对设计人员确定截面尺寸、截面配筋具有一定的指导意义.     

Transverse flange stresses in a simple box girder

A theoretical investigation into the transverse stresses in the flanges of a simply supported box girder, under a symmetrical static concentrated load acting at the mid-span, is conducted using the finite element technique. Substantial membrane transverse stresses are detected. An explanation of this phenomenon is presented. The explanation is investigated by dividing the box girder into two identical channels. A torque is introduced by virtue of the central load being offset transversely with respect to the shear centre of each channel, and hence membrane transverse stresses are induced. In order to verify the above allocation of cause to consequence, certain lines of enquiry in connection with the behaviour of open and closed thin-walled girders are pursued. Correlation between the results revealed by the finite element analysis and those determined using simple structural mechanics principles is indicated.     

Shear strength of plate girder web panel at elevated temperature

This paper presents a theoretical model to predict the failure loads of plate girders with transverse stiffeners subjected to a specified constant temperature or isothermal condition. The work is based on classical plate girder theory at normal ambient conditions subjected to increasing load. The equations incorporating the temperature-dependent material properties and thermally-induced axial stress arising from surrounding structural restraint are derived. They can be used for the case when the plate girder is subjected to pure shear or to a combination of shear and axial stresses. To simplify the analysis, uniform temperature distribution is assumed within the full depth of web panel. Solution procedures are presented for the fire resistance analysis of web plate girder, either in terms of the shear strength corresponding to isothermal condition, or the limiting temperature for a prescribed set of constant shear force and axial thermal restraint. For both procedures, the predictions agree well with the finite element analyses.     

A theoretical investigation of the collapse of multi-cellular structures under lateral loading

This paper describes the development of the grillage method to take into account the effects of shear, as well as bending, upon the non-linear and collapse behaviour of multi-cellular structures under lateral loading. The modified theory is outlined and the results obtained from the analysis of eleven girders are presented. In each case, the mode of failure is discussed together with the predicted ultimate load capacity. The results show the influence of varying structural proportions, including the addition of flange stiffeners, and of different support and loading conditions upon the girder behaviour.     

钢筋混凝土U形薄壁梁弯-剪-扭复合受力性能试验研究

U形薄壁混凝土梁主要用于城市轨道交通工程,受弯-剪-扭复合作用。本文通过试验研究了一根大尺寸钢筋混凝土U形薄壁梁在弯-剪-扭复合作用下的力学性能,包括裂缝的发展与分布、钢筋应变分布以及破坏形态等。试验结果表明：弯-剪-扭复合作用下的U形薄壁混凝土梁呈现明显的空间受力特征,表现为裂缝和钢筋应变在两侧腹板上显著差异分布,同时,腹板内外侧斜裂缝以及箍筋应变的分布也存在明显差异;加载过程中纵筋应变在跨中和支座沿截面高度方向的分布基本符合平截面假定,纵筋应变沿梁跨近似线性分布;弯-剪-扭复合作用下钢筋混凝土U形薄壁梁出现了受弯矩和翘曲弯矩影响的延性弯曲破坏,且破坏仅发生在加载侧腹板,而非加载侧腹板处于相对低应力状态。     

弯剪共同作用下不锈钢薄腹梁承载性能试验研究

为研究不锈钢薄腹梁在弯矩和剪力共同作用下的承载性能,进行了6根焊接工字形截面不锈钢梁的试验研究.结果 表明,所有梁试件的破坏形态为结合了腹板剪切屈曲和受压区板件局部鼓曲的弯剪联合屈曲.建立精细有限元数值模型对试验过程进行模拟,同时考虑了不锈钢材料、几何双非线性,局部几何初始缺陷和焊接残余应力的影响.基于得出的试验和有限...     

In-plane shear behaviour of fibre composite sandwich beams using asymmetrical beam shear test

The in-plane shear behaviour of a new generation composite sandwich beam made up of glass fibre skins and modified phenolic core material was investigated to determine its application as shear loading component in a structural beam. Iosipescu shear test was conducted to characterise the shear properties of the fibre composite skins and the phenolic core material. The fibre composite sandwich beams were then tested under asymmetrical beam shear to determine its behaviour under in-plane shear loading. The results show that the in-plane shear behaviour of the composite sandwich beam is similar to that of the skins. A theoretical prediction of the in-plane shear strength of the composite sandwich beam was proposed and showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the results of the study, the asymmetrical shear test is recommended as a test method for determining the shear properties of sandwich structures with high strength core materials.