喷胶棉黏合剂纯丙乳液的研制

采用预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合工艺制备了用于喷胶棉黏合剂纯丙乳液.用单因素实验的方法,探讨了复合乳化剂用量、复合乳化剂配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对该纯丙乳液性能的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明,软硬单体质量比为2.2∶1,乳化剂用量为3.5％,复合乳化剂配比为2∶3,引发剂用量为0.7％,交联剂用量为1.75％,反应温度为78～85℃,反应时间为150min,搅拌速率为250r/min时,得到的纯丙乳液耐水性和柔韧性能最佳.     

反应型相容剂PS MAH GMA的合成研究

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂，利用改进的本体聚合方法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯共聚物(PS-MAH-GMA)；探讨了聚合温度、聚合时间、引发剂用量、单体配比对反应收率的影响。结果表明：最佳反应条件为反应温度70～80℃、反应时间5h、引发剂用量0．3％、原料配比为ST50％～60％、MAH和GMA为20％～25％。     

丙烯酸—马来酸酐共聚物钠盐无磷助洗剂的合成

以丙烯酸与马来酸酐为原料，采用水溶液聚合的工艺路线，合成了丙烯酸－马来酸酐共聚物钠盐，研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度对转化率、相对分子质量及助洗性能的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件及配方。评价了其助洗性能，确定了无磷洗涤剂中其最佳用量。结果表明一种性能优良的助洗剂，各项指标均达到国外产品水平，优于国内同类产品，可以代替STPP来生产无磷粉。     

水性油墨用丙烯酸树脂乳液的制备研究

对水性油墨用丙烯酸树脂乳液的制备进行了研究,以便为工业化生产提供依据。实验采用预乳化工艺,研究了单体配比、引发剂的选择与用量、乳化剂的选择与用量对聚合工艺和乳液性能的影响。实验确定的最佳反应条件是:引发剂用过硫酸铵-焦磷酸钠氧化还原引发体系,其用量为单体总量的0.4%~0.5%;复合乳化剂选用非离子表面活性剂(TX-10)和混合阴离子表面活性剂复配的复合乳化剂,其最佳用量为单体总量的4.0%~5.0%;反应温度为85~90℃;单体预乳化液滴加时间为3 h左右。据此制得的遮盖性和成膜性丙烯酸树脂乳液与进口产品性能相当,能满足水性油墨生产要求。     

纺织用高性能喷胶棉粘合剂的研制

利用种子乳液聚合方法制备了用于喷胶棉粘合剂的高性能苯丙乳液,研究了乳化剂、引发剂、交联剂、反应温度、反应时间及搅拌速率等因素对该苯丙乳液性能的影响,在此基础上确定了最佳的工艺条件。当软硬单体的质量比为30/70、乳化剂用量为3.6%、引发剂用量为0.6%、交联剂用量为2%、反应温度为76～85℃、反应时间为75 min、搅拌速率为300 r/min时,所得苯丙乳液的性能最佳。     

低相对分子质量聚丙烯酸钠的合成条件研究

以丙烯酸为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过正交实验,合成了系列聚丙烯酸钠。探讨了反应温度、引发剂用量、单体含量、反应时间对相对分子质量的影响结果。确定了最佳反应条件:反应温度为90℃,引发剂用量为5%,单体含量为30%,聚合反应时间为3 h。     

低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的合成及其在陶瓷中的应用

本文用溶液聚合法，以丙烯酸作为单体，过硫酸钠为引发剂，异丙醇为链转移剂，合成分子量范围在2000-3000的聚丙烯酸钠，得出合成低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的最佳工艺参数。即单体浓度(占去离子水)97．2％，链转移剂浓度234．3％，引发剂用量3．10g，聚合温度90℃，聚合时间3～5h；并把合成的低分子量聚丙烯酸钠用作陶瓷减水剂，结果表明：低分子量的聚丙烯酸钠能大大改善陶瓷泥浆的流动性，而且其解凝范围比较宽，在用量为0．6％时达到最佳减水效果。     

玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

以玉米淀粉为主要原料、丙烯酸(AA)为改性单体、过硫酸铵为引发剂和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用接枝共聚法制备淀粉接枝型高吸水性树脂。研究了糊化温度、糊化时间、引发剂和交联剂用量、单体浓度、接枝反应温度和反应时间等对树脂吸水性能的影响。确定其最佳工艺条件为:糊化温度为85℃、糊化时间为60min,w(引发剂)=3%(相对于淀粉而言)、w(交联剂)=0.8%(相对于淀粉而言)、AA单体浓度为4.5mol/L、反应温度为60℃和反应时间为4h。在最佳工艺条件下制备的树脂,其吸水性能最佳,吸水率达到730g/g。     

自交联型SBS接枝共聚物的合成与粘接性能研究*

研究了在混合溶剂中了二烯－苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ＳＢＳ）与丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）及交联单体Ｎ－羟甲基丙烯酸胺（Ｎ－ＭＡＡ）进行四元接枝共聚的反应条件及其产物的粘接性能。讨论了引发剂浓度、交联单体用量、单体配比、反应时间及反应温度对接枝共聚物的影响。实验确定的最佳反应条件为：引发剂ＢＰＯ用量为ＳＢＳ用量的１．８％—２．２％；交联单体Ｎ－ＭＡＡ用量为ＳＢＳ用量的１６％—１．８％；ＢＡ／（ＢＡ＋ＭＭＡ）用量比为３５％；反应时间为３５—４．５ｈ；反应温度为８０—８５℃。用红外光谱对接枝共聚物进行了分析鉴定。性能测试显示出该四元接枝共聚物对聚氯乙烯、ＳＢＳ等难粘材料有较高的剥离强度。     

喷胶棉黏合剂纯丙乳液的研制

采用预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合工艺制备了用于喷胶棉黏合剂纯丙乳液。用单因素实验的方法,探讨了复合乳化剂用量、复合乳化剂配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对该纯丙乳液性能的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明,软硬单体质量比为2.2∶1,乳化剂用量为3.5%,复合乳化剂配比为2∶3,引发剂用量为0.7%,交联剂用量为1.75%,反应温度为78~85℃,反应时间为150min,搅拌速率为250r/min时,得到的纯丙乳液耐水性和柔韧性能最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。