水热法解聚钠硼解石制备硼酸钙

以钠硼解石天然矿粉为原料，经水热解聚和相转化制备出硼酸钙产品。通过化学分析、XRD及TG—DTG分析表明：产品中的物相主要是白硼钙石（4CaO·5B2O3-7H2O）、硬硼钙石（2CaO·3B2O3·5H2O）和羟硼钙石（3CaO·2B2O3·9H2O）。实验确定了适宜的工艺条件，即：反应体系液固体积质量比为2．5mL／g左右；解聚温度120℃；解聚时间8h左右；干燥温度在200℃左右。在此工艺条件下制得的硼酸钙产品的氧化钠质量分数在0．5％以下，很好地满足了无碱玻璃纤维工业对含硼原料的要求。     

由硬硼钙石制备硼酸的生产工艺研究

本文以硬硼钙石为原料,利用硫酸法制备硼酸,考察了固液比、酸用量、母液和洗液循环等因素对酸解反应的影响。结果表明,在硫酸用量为理论量的98%～121%、反应温度90℃、反应时间1h、反应固液比1∶4的条件下,硼的浸出率可高达98.2%。在此条件下进行的工艺循环实验表明:随着循环次数的增加,酸解液中硫酸镁的质量分数累积增大,酸解料浆过滤时会有部分硼酸从酸解液中结晶析出,使酸解液中硼酸质量分数降低,适宜的循环次数为2次。此外,还研究了阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺对酸解料浆过滤的助滤作用,以及利用氢氧化钙将母液中硼酸沉淀为偏硼酸钙的回收过程。     

硼镁石制取硼酸钙工艺研究

介绍了在现有生产硼砂生产线上，以硼镁石为原料，在催化剂作用下，通过碳解反应获得多硼酸钠溶液，再与石灰乳反应(合成反应)制取硼酸钙的新工艺。研究了诸多工艺参数对碳解反应的影响及合成硼酸钙的工艺条件，当硼粉品位为12％，反应时间24h，CO2浓度30％，碳解压力0．6MPa，温度130℃，碳解反应最佳条件硼矿／纯碱比为5，液固比2．5：1；合成反应硼钙比1：3，温度110-120℃，最佳反应时间2h。     

由硼砂和消石灰制备偏硼酸钙

以硼砂和消石灰为原料,经反应、过滤、洗涤及干燥制备出偏硼酸钙(CaO*B2O3*6H2O)产品.经过实验研究确定了适宜的工艺条件:硼钙配料比(氧化硼与氧化钙质量比)在2.2∶ 1左右;液固体积质量比为2.76 mL/g左右;温度为35 ℃;反应时间为8～10 h.在此工艺条件下制得的偏硼酸钙产品含氧化硼质量分数为29%～31%、氧化钙质量分数为23%～25%、氧化钠质量分数≤0.5%.产物的X射线衍射分析和热重分析表明,合成的产品为六水合偏硼酸钙纯相,扫描电镜显示产物为白色的不规则六边形条状晶体.     

西藏硼镁矿制取硼酸联产碳酸镁工艺研究

提出了西藏硼镁矿综合利用的新工艺,即用硫酸铵复分解法分解西藏硼镁矿制取硼酸和碳酸镁。考察了反应温度、反应时间、硫酸铵的初始浓度、硫酸铵的用量比等工艺条件对硼浸出率的影响。较佳工艺条件为：反应温度100 ℃、反应时间2~2.5 h、硫酸铵的初始浓度为9%~11%（质量分数）、硫酸铵的用量为理论量的110%。在此工艺条件下,硼酸的收率可达95%,碳酸镁的收率可达90%以上。该工艺充分利用了西藏硼镁矿的硼、镁资源,提高了硼的收率。     

碳铵法加工西藏硼镁矿制取硼酸的工艺研究

介绍了用碳铵法分解西藏硼镁矿制取硼酸的工艺,分别进行了配料比、反应温度、反应时间的影响实验,在此基础上进行了全流程实验,提出了该工艺的最佳条件为:氨硼摩尔比1.2～1.6,液固比2.2～2.4,反应温度110～120℃。B2O3的平均收率达79%以上,产品纯度达到GB538-82指标。     

环氧乙烷吸收溶液合成碳酸乙烯酯管式反应工艺条件

在自行建立的管式反应器上,采用实验室开发的NY-2催化剂,以环氧乙烷（EO）吸收溶液和CO2为原料,进行合成碳酸乙烯酯（EC）连续过程研究．考察液空速、吸收溶液中EC与乙二醇（EG）摩尔比、EC与EO摩尔比、水含量、催化剂用量、反应压力和温度对反应的影响．通过实验研究,确定了较佳的连续反应条件：反应温度为（125±5）℃、反应压力为（3．5±0．5）MPa、催化剂质量分数不小于2％、吸收溶液中水的质量分数少于1．2％、EC与EO摩尔比为5、EG质量分数小于30％、空速小于0．67h^-1。在此条件下,EO的转化率大于98％,EC的选择性大于80％．     

硬硼钙石的湿法改性及表征

分别以硬脂酸和油酸为改性剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用湿化学法对硬硼钙石进行表面改性。考察了改性温度、改性时间、液固比及改性剂用量等因素对硬硼钙石改性效果的影响。采用红外光谱、XRD、热重分析、SEM等手段对改性前后的硬硼钙石进行分析表征。研究结果表明：在硬脂酸用量为5%（质量分数）、改性时间为75 min、改性温度为75 ℃、液固比（mL/g）为2∶1的条件下,改性产物性能最佳,活化指数达到99.45%;在油酸用量为5%（质量分数）、改性时间为50 min、改性温度为60 ℃、液固比（mL/g）为1∶1的条件下,改性硬硼钙石的活化指数达到68.30%。     

氢氟酸生产废酸制氟硼酸钾工艺研究

为充分利用氢氟酸生产过程中副产废酸中12％（质量分数）的有效氢氟酸，对其代替工业氢氟酸（质量分数30％）生产氟硼酸钾的可行性进行了分析、研究、探讨。经过试验证明先用化学计量的硼酸与30％（质量分数）氢氧化钾反应制成偏硼酸钾溶液，偏硼酸钾溶液再与废酸反应制得氟硼酸钾的工艺是完全可行的，实施后每年可回收氢氟酸120t（以100％计），具有很大的经济效益。     

油溶性表面活性剂甘油硼酸油酸酯的合成研究

以硼酸和油酸为原料采用直接酯化法合成水溶性的甘油硼酸酯,再在催化剂的作用下与油酸反应制得甘油硼酸油酸酷,设计出较佳的酸化条件：甘油硼酸酯与油酸摩尔比1：0．9,温度220℃,时间4h,催化剂甩量（脂肪酸质量分数）0．5％,酸转佬率98．5％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。