稀土Y2O3对6063Al激光熔覆镍基熔覆层耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有不同含量Y₂O₃的Ni60合金熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了耐磨性试验. 通过分析熔覆层组织、熔覆层表面磨痕形貌、磨损量及摩擦系数,研究Y₂O₃含量对铝合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明,添加5%Y₂O₃的Ni60熔覆层组织呈现明显的网状分布的枝晶和细小的等轴晶,稀土Y₂O₃可以改善铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层的组织,促进晶粒细化和成分分布均匀;添加稀土Y₂O₃的Ni60基熔覆层较Ni60熔覆层的磨损面崩损程度减小了,摩擦稳定性得到提高;随着稀土含量提高,熔覆层的磨损量减小,但Y₂O₃含量高于5%时磨损量基本不会大幅变化;5%Y₂O₃+Ni60熔覆层具有良好的磨损形貌、较低的磨损量以及较稳定的摩擦系数,其熔覆层的耐磨性是Ni60熔覆层的6.1倍,是6063Al合金基体耐磨性的20.1倍.     

Y2O3对原位自生TiC增强Ni基涂层组织和性能影响

采用氩弧熔覆的方法,以Ni60A自熔性合金粉末为粘结相,添加Ti粉、C粉和不同含量的稀土氧化物Y₂O₃,在16Mn钢基体上制备出TiC陶瓷颗粒增强金属基熔覆涂层. 运用XRD, SEM等手段对复合涂层的显微组织进行表征和分析,并对熔覆涂层的硬度及耐磨性进行了测试. 结果表明,适量添加Y₂O₃可以使涂层组织中枝晶的方向性减弱、同时细化涂层组织,使涂层组织更加均匀,涂层的硬度和耐磨性有显著提高. 添加2% Y₂O₃熔覆涂层的组织为最细,涂层具有较高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性能.     

Y2O3添加方式对WC-10%Co硬质合金性能的影响

现代金属切削技术的发展对效率与成本提出了更高的要求,硬质合金刀具材料需要更长的使用寿命、更高的稳定性来满足需求。本文采用低压烧结法制备了WC-Co类硬质合金,研究了Y₂O₃及其添加方式对硬质合金显微结构、物理力学性能和切削性能的影响。结果表明：Y₂O₃通过形成弥散相可以使硬质合金在维持现有优异的宏观物理性能的基础上,显著提升耐磨性及切削寿命。同时,通过使用Y(NO3)3作为前驱体受热分解为Y₂O₃的方式进行弥散强化还会伴随着固溶强化效应,使得材料的切削性能得到进一步提升。在达到0.3 mm的失效磨损量时,未添加Y₂O₃的样品失效时间为14 min,直接添加Y₂O₃的样品失效时间为16 min,,添加Y(NO3)3作为前驱体的样品失效时间为28 min。     

Y2O3含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-Y2O3复合涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

目的 探究掺杂不同质量分数Y₂O₃对Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层微观结构及其力学性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备Al₂O₃涂层,以及Y₂O₃质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层。利用SEM、EDS对粉末以及不同涂层的形貌、组织结构、元素分布进行分析。使用XRD表征粉末和涂层的物相。使用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕测试仪和电子万能试验机对涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量以及断裂韧性等力学性能进行测试分析。结果 Al₂O₃喷涂粉末的物相由α-Al₂O₃组成,而喷涂得到的Al₂O₃涂层则由α-Al₂O     

一种可内生Al2O3扩散障的δ-Ni2Al3-Cr2O3/ Ni-Cr2O3涂层体系

通过对Ni-Cr₂O₃复合镀层620 ℃部分渗铝制备了δ-Ni₂Al₃-Cr₂O₃/Ni-Cr₂O₃涂层体系。Cr₂O₃颗粒在渗铝的过程中和Al反应生成更为稳定的Al₂O₃。1000 ℃恒温氧化20 h后发现,铝化物涂层和复合镀层内掺杂的Cr₂O₃颗粒完全转化为Al₂O₃,并在铝化物涂层/Ni镀层界面自发形成了一层Al₂O₃富集层,该富集层起扩散障作用,阻碍铝化物涂层因互扩散所致的退化。     

Y对无取向6.5%Si钢凝固组织、中温压缩变形和软化机制的影响

利用EPMA、EBSD、XRD、TEM和热压缩测试，研究了Y元素对无取向6.5%Si钢铸态组织、有序相、中温变形和软化机制的影响。结果表明，当Y含量为0.017%和0.15%时，钢液中形成高熔点Y₂O₃+Y₂O₂S/Y₂O₂S-YP复合稀土化合物，促进异质形核。凝固末期，枝晶间形成Y₂Fe₁₄Si₃化合物，凝固组织得到明显细化。铸锭的基体有序度与Y含量呈反比关系。500℃压缩实验结果表明，不同Y含量铸锭的塑性变形均由位错滑移机制主导。含Y试样峰值应力对应的临界应变降低，加工软化提前，加工硬化率下降，动态软化作用增强。热压缩试样的位错密度正比于Y含量，低基体有序度和高形变诱导无序作用是含Y试样动态软化作用增强的主要原因。     

铝微粉对大气环境感应钎涂金刚石涂层性能影响

金刚石钎涂是材料表面修形提性的重要技术手段,由于金刚石的超硬特性使得钎涂涂层中金刚石与钎料的性能难以匹配. 在镍基钎料中加入铝微粉,研究Al对涂层组织及耐磨性的影响. 结果表明,Al的添加降低了金刚石钎涂层孔隙率,同时钎涂过程中在基体内原位生成Al₂O₃相,提高了金刚石钎涂层的耐磨性. 阐明了Al脱氧消减气孔及其脱氧产物Al₂O₃作为原位生成硬质相增强涂层硬度及耐磨性的机制.进一步揭示了原位生成Al₂O₃可细化、强化钎料组织,优化涂层形态、增加涂层厚度的机理.明确了感应钎涂中活性微粉的脱氧作用和原位生成氧化物陶瓷的耐磨作用.     

液相原位反应法制备Cu-Y2O3复合材料

采用液相原位反应法制备了Cu-0.9Y₂O₃（体积分数,%）复合材料.TEM观察与SAD分析表明:Cu基体上均匀分布着纳米Y₂O₃颗粒,其平均尺寸和颗粒间距分别为5.0和20 nm,Y₂O₃颗粒与基体共格、晶面（422）_Y2O3//（111）Cu,晶带轴[011]_Y2O3//[112]Cu.实验结果表明,Cu-0.9Y₂O₃复合材料的抗拉强度为568 MPa,其强化机制为Orowan机制和切割机制共同作用,其中Orowan机制产生的强度增值为185 MPa,切割机制引起强度增加195 MPa.     

BaZrO3/Y2O3复合耐火材料制备及其与TiAl合金界面反应研究

使用电熔BaZrO₃耐火材料和Y₂O₃耐火材料复合,在1650℃保温24h烧制成坩埚,感应熔炼制备TiAl合金。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结合能谱仪(EDS)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和氧/氮分析仪等手段分析了复合坩埚耐火材料相结构和显微结构,研究了复合耐火材料坩埚与TiAl合金熔体界面反应。结果表明,复合坩埚耐火材料由Zr固溶Y₂O₃和Y掺杂BaZrO₃两相组成,Y₂O₃的引入提高了电熔BaZrO₃耐火材料稳定性。熔解侵蚀作用是复合坩埚耐火材料与TiAl合金熔体界面作用机制,但游离Al_2O_3仍会与分解的BaO反应生成BaAl₂O₄附着在坩埚内壁;熔炼制备TiAl合金锭中氧含量仅为0.0986%(质量分数),与理论计算值相一致,且符合工业用TiAl合金铸锭用氧含量标准,表明了电熔BaZrO₃/Y₂O₃是一种极有潜力的TiAl合金感应熔炼制备用耐火材料。     

稀土Y对TWIP钢力学性能的影响机理

利用GNT系万能试验机和Sigma 300场发射扫描电镜研究了稀土Y对TWIP钢(22Mn-1.5Al-0.6C)力学性能及夹杂物的影响。结果表明,添加稀土Y后,试验TWIP钢的强度和韧性均有提高,抗拉强度由725 MPa提高到752 MPa,屈服强度由290 MPa提高到312 MPa,冲击吸收能量由178.9 J提高到207.7 J,而硬度和断后伸长率则小幅降低。稀土Y细化了TWIP钢晶粒,且钢中MnS、Al₂O₃以及MnS+AlN复合夹杂改性成Y₂S₃、Y₂S₃+Y₂O₃、AlN+Y₂S₃夹杂。夹杂物分析结果显示,大部分夹杂物的数量和尺寸都有明显的减小,有利于试验钢综合力学性能的提高。     

A study on composite coatings of yttrium ion-plating and pack aluminizing for high-temperature applications

Yttrium (Y) was incorporated by an ion-plating method either before or after pack aluminizing to maximize the corrosion resistance of IN 713C. Various combinations of pack aluminizing and yttrium-ion plating were examined with respect to coating sequence, aluminum activity, and corrosive environment. Of all the various coating combinations examined, the best corrosion resistance was obtained from H/A + Y (high-activity aluminizing + Y-ion plating) type composite coatings. Uniformity of the Y deposition was greatly dependent upon the surface condition of the aluminide-coating layer. The high-activity aluminide coating gave better uniformity of Y deposition than did the low-activity-aluminide coating.Improvement of corrosion resistance by the Y-modified-aluminide composite coatings of H/A + Y type occur because the presence of Y between the Al₂O₃ columns improves Al₂O₃ scale adherence and substantially prevents depletion of Al in the aluminide-coating layer.     

分散剂Y2O3对渗铝层的影响

通过改变传统渗剂来研究分散剂（Al2O3，Y2O3）在渗铝过程中的作用和对渗铝层的影响。利用XRD和SEM对渗层相的组成、氧化前后表面形貌进行分析。结果表明：分散剂Y2O3在最初的渗铝过程中参加了渗铝过程，不仅防止铝粉粘结，而且影响渗层相的组成。分散剂为Al2O3时，渗层主要为Al3Ti＋AlTi＋AlTi3相，而分散剂中含有Y2O3时，渗层土要为AlTi3相，这与传统渗铝机理认为分散剂在渗铝过程中不参加渗铝反应相矛盾。同时，分散剂也影响着渗铝层氧化前后的表面形貌及Al2O3的晶格类型。     

Effect of Y2O3 content in the pack on microstructure and hot corrosion resistance of Y–Co-modified aluminide coating

Y–Co-modified aluminide coatings on nickel base superalloys were prepared by pack cementation method. Effect of Y₂O₃ content in the pack mixture on microstructure and hot corrosion resistance of the coatings was investigated. The results show that with the increase in Y₂O₃ content, the content of Co in the coatings increases. The mass gain of the coatings with Y₂O₃ addition of 1, 2 and 3 wt.% is 0.6, 0.55 and 0.42 mg/cm² after hot corrosion at 1173 K for 100 h, respectively. Y₂O₃ addition accelerates the diffusion of Co and thus increases the hot corrosion resistance of the coating.     

Formation and Characterization of Titanium Modified Aluminide Coatings on IN738LC

Up to now, the aluminide coatings used to protect industrial components at high temperature and corrosive environments have been modified by Pt, Cr, Si and Ni. In this investigation, aluminide coatings were modified by titanium and the microstructural feature and formation mechanism were evaluated. The coatings were formed on a Ni-based superalloy(IN738LC) by a two stage process including titanizing at first and aluminizing thereafter. Pack cementation titanizing performed at temperatures 950℃ and 1050℃ in several mixtures of Ti, Al2O3 and NH4Cl. At the second stage,aluminum diffused into surface of the specimens by an industrial aluminizing process known as Elcoatl01(4 hrs at 1050℃C). The modified coatings were characterized by means of standard optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction methods. The results show that Ti in the coatings is mainly present in the form of TiNi and Al67CrsTi25. Titanium modified coatings grew with a mechanism similar to simple aluminizing; this includes inward diffusion of Al from the pack to the substrate and then outward diffusion of Ni from the substrate to the coating. The advantages and characteristics of this two-stage modified coating is discussed and the process parameters are proposed to obtain a coating of optimum microstructure.     

Structure of Al-modified silicide coatings on an Nb-based ultrahigh temperature alloy prepared by pack cementation techniques

In order to prepare Al-modified silicide coatings on an Nb-based ultrahigh temperature alloy, both a two-stage pack cementation technique and a co-deposition pack cementation technique were employed. The two-stage process included siliconizing a specimen at 1150 °C for 4 h followed by aluminizing it at 800-1000 °C for 4 h. The coating prepared by pack siliconization was composed of a thick (Nb,X)Si₂ (X represents Ti, Cr and Hf elements) outer layer and a thin (Nb,X)₅Si₃ transitional layer; after the siliconized specimens were aluminized at or above 860 °C, a (Nb,Ti)₃Si₅Al₂ phase developed at the surface of the coating, and furthermore, when aluminizing was carried out at 860 °C, a new (Nb,Ti)₂Al layer formed in the coating between the (Nb,X)₅Si₃ layer and the substrate, but when aluminizing was performed at 900-1000 °C, the new layer formed was (Nb,Ti)Al₃. The co-deposition process was carried out by co-depositing Si and Al on specimens at 1000-1150 °C for 8 h under different pack compositions, and it was found that the structure of co-deposition coatings was more evidently affected by co-deposition temperature than pack composition. An Al-modified silicide coating with an outer layer composed of (Nb,Ti)₃Si₅Al₂, (Nb,X)Si₂ and (Nb,Ti)Al₃ was obtained by co-depositing Si and Al at 1050 °C.     

Effect of Al Content on Microstructure and Cyclic Oxidation Performance of Pt-Aluminide Coatings

The effect of Al content, i.e., the amount of Al picked up during aluminizing, on the microstructure and cyclic oxidation properties of Pt-aluminide coatings has been investigated. The cast Ni-base superalloy CM-247 was used as the substrate material and a single-step, high-activity pack aluminizing process was used to produce the Pt-aluminide coatings. The Al content of these coatings was varied by using packs with different compositions of the Al source. Pt-aluminide coatings having three different Al contents, namely 6.5, 16, and 21 mg cm^-2, were evaluated for their cyclic oxidation resistance at 1200°C in air. It was found that the Pt-aluminide coatings, irrespective of their Al contents, evolve in the same manner during aluminizing and result in a three-layer structure with an outer PtAl₂+NiAl two-phase layer, an intermediate NiAl layer, and the inner interdiffusion layer. The stability of this three-layer coating structure over long periods of aluminizing, however, is dependent on the availability of Al from the pack during this period. Below a certain threshold Al availability, the two-phase outer layer transforms to a single-phase NiAl structure causing the coating to change from its three-layer structure to a two-layer one. Cyclic oxidation results indicate that, while a minimum Al content in Pt-aluminide coatings is essential for deriving the best oxidation performance, increasing the Al content beyond a certain level does not significantly enhance oxidation behavior. The effect of Al content on aspects, such as coating degradation and nature of coating–surface damage during cyclic oxidation, is also discussed.     

The effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) on pack aluminizing for the fabrication of Pt-modified aluminide coatings at low temperatures

An 8–9 μm thick Pt layer was coated on a superalloy and transformed to a Ni–Pt alloy layer by the interdiffusion of Ni and Pt at 1050 °C for 3 h. The surface of the Ni–Pt alloy layer was pack aluminized to form a Pt-modified aluminide coating. Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) was applied to the alloy layer prior to pack aluminizing. The effects of UNSM on Pt-modified aluminide coatings fabricated at 750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C were studied. The treated Ni–Pt alloy layers had finer grain sizes than the untreated specimens. In addition, UNSM made the grain size of the Ni–Pt alloy finer and reduced the surface roughness. During pack aluminizing, the Pt-modified aluminide coatings fabricated following UNSM uptook more Al and were thicker than the untreated Pt-modified aluminide coatings at the various temperatures (750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C). The untreated Pt-modified aluminide coatings with pack aluminizing performed at 750 and 850 °C were composed of only a two-phase (NiAl + PtAl₂) layer, due to insufficient diffusion of Pt at the lower temperatures. However, two-phase and one-phase (NiAl) layers were obtained in the treated Pt-modified aluminide coatings which were pack-aluminized at 750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C, due to the diffusion of Pt through the greater amount of grain boundaries and increased volume generated by UNSM before the pack aluminizing. Additionally, the treated coatings had smoother surfaces even after the pack aluminizing. During cyclic oxidation at 1150 °C for 1000 h, the treated Pt-modified aluminide coatings aluminized at relatively low temperatures (750 and 850 °C) showed better cyclic oxidation resistance than the untreated Pt-modified aluminide coating aluminized at 1050 °C.     

Cyclic oxidation of Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating on a nickel-based superalloy at 1150 °C

Pt-, Pd-, and Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coatings were prepared on Inconel 738LC by pack aluminizing at 1034 °C. During pack aluminizing, Pt-modified aluminide coating formed a two-phase β-NiAl + PtAl₂ layer and a β-NiAl layer on an interdiffusion zone, whereas Pd- and Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coatings formed only the thicker β-NiAl layer. However, Pd-modified aluminide coating had many pores. During cyclic oxidation, Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating had a surface that was less rumpled than that of Pt-modified aluminide coating due to its thicker thickness. Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating had a 22% greater Al-uptake than Pt-modified aluminide coating. Cyclic oxidation tests at 1150 °C showed that Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating had the best cyclic oxidation resistance. After the cyclic oxidation, an additional γ-Ni phase was seen beneath the outermost alumina scale on the the γ′-Ni₃Al phase in Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating. The γ-Ni phase, which had a higher Cr content, increased the adhesion and stability of the alumina.     

A study on preparation and corrosion behavior of nano rare earth oxide-modified chromized coatings

The corrosion resistance of carbon steel in a harsh environment was improved by preparing a chromized coating on the surface through the method of pack cementation. Nano rare earth-oxides (NREOs), Y₂O₃, CeO₂, and La₂O₃ were added to the pack and to further enhance the performance of the chromized coatings. Morphological results showed that NREO refined the microstructure of chromized coatings by retarding the growth of grains. The Mott–Schottky plots demonstrated that coating Cr–La₂O₃ displayed fewer defects than the other two composite coatings, which was beneficial to reduce the corrosion tendency. In addition, the potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the order of the corrosion rates of the achieved coatings was pure Cr > Cr–Y₂O₃ > Cr–CeO₂ > Cr–La₂O₃, which revealed that the corrosion resistance increased accordingly.     

Effect of Chemical Compositions and Surface Morphologies of MCrAlY Coating on Its Isothermal Oxidation Behavior

Chemical composition and surface morphology of MCrAlY coatings are factors which influence the oxidation behavior and the thermal durability of thermal barrier coatings. In this study, Cold-sprayed Ni20Cr10AlY and Ni23Co20Cr8.5Al4.0Ta0.6Y coatings with polished surfaces were employed to study the effect of composition on the oxidation behavior. The cold-sprayed MCrAlY coatings at the as-sprayed and shot-peened surface conditions, along with the low pressure plasma-sprayed MCrAlY coating with sputters adhered weakly on the surface, were employed to investigate the effects of surface morphologies of MCrAlY coatings on their oxidation behavior. Cold-sprayed Ni20Cr10AlY coating exhibited a two-stage oxidation behavior and a higher TGO growth rate than that of the cold-sprayed Ni23Co20Cr8.5Al4.0Ta0.6Y coating at the rapid growth stage. After 10-h oxidation, the TGO on the as-cold-sprayed coating surface was mainly constituted by Al₂O₃, while the TGO on the coating surface attached with sputters was composed of Al₂O₃ and Cr/Ni-oxides. After 500-h oxidation, Cr₂O₃ and porous spinel appeared in the TGO on the surface of the as-cold-sprayed coatings with different compositions. The growth of Cr/Ni-oxides was attributed to the Al depletion. The content of spinel decreased on the cold-sprayed NiCrAlY with a shot-peened surface compared with the as-sprayed coating.