融合多尺度上下文信息的实例分割

目的 实例分割通过像素级实例掩膜对图像中不同目标进行分类和定位。然而不同目标在图像中往往存在尺度差异,目标多尺度变化容易错检和漏检,导致实例分割精度提高受限。现有方法主要通过特征金字塔网络(feature pyramid network,FPN)提取多尺度信息,但是FPN采用插值和元素相加进行邻层特征融合的方式未能充分挖掘不同尺度特征的语义信息。因此,本文在Mask R-CNN(mask region-based convolutional neural network)的基础上,提出注意力引导的特征金字塔网络,并充分融合多尺度上下文信息进行实例分割。方法 首先,设计邻层特征自适应融合模块优化FPN邻层特征融合,通过内容感知重组对特征上采样,并在融合相邻特征前引入通道注意力机制对通道加权增强语义一致性,缓解邻层不同尺度目标间的语义混叠;其次,利用多尺度通道注意力设计注意力特征融合模块和全局上下文模块,对感兴趣区域(region of interest,RoI)特征和多尺度上下文信息进行融合,增强分类回归和掩膜预测分支的多尺度特征表示,进而提高对不同尺度目标的掩膜预测质量。结果 在MS ...     

基于距离约束的改进FCOS遥感图像检测方法

基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测方法通常难以排除复杂场景下的背景干扰，从而导致检测精度低。为解决该问题，设计了一种基于尺度分层的特征金字塔结构，并提出了一种基于距离约束的中心回归（distance-constraints centerness,DCCN），从而形成了基于距离约束的改进FCOS遥感图像检测方法。基于尺度分层的特征金字塔结构包括高层语义信息激活模块和低层有效特征感知模块，其中高层语义信息模块重构了特征融合阶段对高层特征图的处理方式，提升了特征金字塔顶部区域的语义感知能力，低层有效特征感知模块通过引入通道注意力机制，增强了通道间的信息交互能力。DCCN能够利用预测样本框与真实样本框之间的距离因素作为回归评估条件，提升了预测框的回归效果。在NWPU VHR-10数据集的实验中，该方法的精度达到92.6%，相比于原FCOS方法提升了4.9个百分点，有效改善了遥感图像检测的精度。     

基于语义信息的精细化边缘检测方法

边缘检测是在图像中准确地提取视觉上显著的边缘像素,以得到图像的边缘信息,然而传统基于全卷积网络的边缘检测方法通常存在预测边缘粗糙、模糊等问题。提出一种语义信息指导的精细化边缘检测方法。通过图像分割子网络将学习到的图像语义信息传递给边缘检测子网络,同时利用图像语义信息指导边缘检测子网络,其引入具有注意力机制与残差结构的特征融合模块,以生成精细的图像边缘,增强不同尺度的特征融合。在此基础上,结合图像分割任务和图像边缘检测任务中的代价函数定义新的模型代价函数并进行训练,进一步提高网络边缘检测质量。在BSDS500数据集上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明,该方法的固定轮廓阈值与图像最佳阈值分别达到0.818和0.841,相比HED、RCF等主流边缘检测方法,能够预测更精细的边缘图像,且鲁棒性更优。     

基于注意力与金字塔融合的医学图像分割仿真

针对现有的U-Net编解码结构网络的边缘模糊以及上下文信息提取能力弱等问题,提出了在编解码结构网络基础上融合反向注意力和金字塔模块的图像分割网络。网络以Res2Net50作为特征编码器提取特征,在编码器与解码器中引入尺度感知金字塔融合模块,加强网络对上下文信息的提取能力,然后在跳跃连接处加入反向注意力模块,用以提取边缘结构信息,最后使用特征拼接融合特征信息,提升网络模型分割性能。实验结果证明,改进的网络在Liver CT、Finding lungs in CT以及CHAOS数据集上的分割精度均有一定的提升,可以有效改善分割图像边缘模糊等问题。     

增强细节的RGB‐IR多通道特征融合语义分割网络

现有基于深度学习的语义分割方法对于遥感图像的地物边缘分割不准确,小地物分割效果较差,并且RGB图像质量也会严重影响分割效果。提出一种增强细节的RGB-IR多通道特征融合语义分割网络MFFNet。利用细节特征抽取模块获取RGB和红外图像的细节特征并进行融合,生成更具区分性的特征表示并弥补RGB图像相对于红外图像所缺失的信息。在融合细节特征和高层语义特征的同时,利用特征融合注意力模块自适应地为每个特征图生成不同的注意力权重,得到具有准确语义信息和突出细节信息的优化特征图。将细节特征抽取模块和特征融合注意力模块结构在同一层级上设计为相互对应,从而与高层语义特征进行融合时抑制干扰或者无关细节信息的影响,突出重要关键细节特征,并在特征融合注意力模块中嵌入通道注意力模块,进一步加强高低层特征有效融合,产生更具分辨性的特征表示,提升网络的特征表达能力。在公开的Postdam数据集上的实验结果表明,MFFNet的平均交并比为70.54%,较MFNet和RTFNet分别提升3.95和4.85个百分点,并且对于边缘和小地物的分割效果提升显著。     

基于注意力机制的多尺度融合人群计数算法

针对人群计数图像人头尺度变化大、背景噪声高等问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的多尺度融合人群计数算法,以充分聚合多尺度信息,并有效区分背景噪声。构建基于残差连接的空洞空间金字塔池化,通过残差结构以及多个不同扩张率的空洞卷积在捕获多尺度头部目标特征的同时融入浅层特征图的空间细节信息,提高特征图质量;构建跨层多尺度特征融合模块,融合浅层和深层分支不同大小的边缘细节信息和上下文语义信息,并设计基于多分支的特征融合模块,融合不同感受野大小的多尺度信息以缓解大规模人头尺度变化的问题;构建基于矩阵相似运算的通道和空间注意力机制模块提取像素级特征权重,加强网络对于背景和人头目标的判别能力,自适应矫正位置信息。实验结果表明,相比11种对比算法的最优值,所提算法在SHA数据集上的平均绝对误差和均方根误差指标降低1.4%、4.2%,在UCF＿CC＿50数据集上降低4.9%、1.8%,能够精确地预测人群分布状态和估计人群数量,生成高质量的人群密度图。     

基于完全自注意力的水电枢纽缺陷识别方法

水电枢纽在长期运行过程中容易受水流侵蚀、应力变化等因素影响,导致形成裂缝、渗漏、脱落、露筋等缺陷,造成重大安全隐患。目前,水电枢纽缺陷识别主要依靠人工巡检,存在效率低、风险高等问题。提出一种水电枢纽缺陷识别方法,基于完全自注意力机制构建缺陷识别网络,以提高网络捕捉长距离全局信息的能力和缺陷识别精度。设计2个同尺寸的自注意力编码器分支,通过双分支结构完成不同尺度自注意力计算,从而提取多尺度缺陷特征,增强全局语义表达能力。构建一个基于类别向量的自注意力混合融合模块,并对2条分支的多尺度特征进行融合,以有效应对水电枢纽缺陷图像尺度变化大、形态多样等问题。在四川某水电站枢纽缺陷数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法宏查准率可达98.87%,缺陷识别效果优于SVM、ResNet-50、MobileNet v3等方法。     

结合自注意力和特征自适应融合的语义分割算法

针对场景图像语义分割任务中存在多尺度目标以及特征提取网络缺乏对全局上下文信息的获取等问题,设计了一种嵌入改进自注意力机制以及自适应融合多尺度特征的双路径分割算法。在空间路径利用双分支的简易下采样模块进行4倍下采样提取高分辨率的边缘细节信息,使网络对目标边界分割更精确。在语义路径嵌入上下文捕获模块和自适应特征融合模块,为解码阶段提供具有丰富多尺度的高语义上下文信息,并采用类别平衡策略进一步提升分割效果。经过实验验证,该模型在Camvid和Aeroscapes数据集上的MIOU(mean intersection over union)指标分别为59.4％和60.1％,具有较好的分割效果。     

基于堆叠边缘感知模块的显著性目标检测

现有显著性目标检测算法对边缘感知的效果不理想.因此,为了有效利用高层语义信息及低层纹理信息,文中提出基于堆叠边缘感知模块的显著性目标检测算法.采用多尺度骨干网络(Res2Net)作为主干网络提取图像的多尺度、多目标的显著性特征.堆叠边缘感知模块以非对称性方式融合图像高低层信息,增强显著性目标区域.网络输出显著性目标的检测结果.在5个公开数据集上的实验表明,文中算法检测结果较优,同时,在客观评估指标和主观视觉效果上也较优.     

Transformer与多尺度注意力的自监督单目图像深度估计

针对现有自监督学习的单目图像深度估计在分辨率较大情况下存在边缘模糊、物体轮廓不清晰等问题，本文提出一种结合视觉Transformer的多尺度通道注意力融合单目图像深度估计网络.首先，设计编码器-解码器模型，将视觉Transformer结构作为编码器在多个尺度上提取特征.其次，设计残差通道注意力融合的解码器，优化提取到的多尺度特征并实现上下级特征融合以提高上下文信息的利用率.最后，在多个尺度下对单目图像进行深度估计.本文提出的算法在KITTI数据集上进行实验.实验结果表明，所提出算法的深度图像质量和物体轮廓信息均高于现有算法，其绝对相对误差、平方相对误差和均方根误差分别达到了0.119、0.857和4.571,在不同阈值下的准确度达到了0.959、0.995和0.999,验证了所提算法的正确性和有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。