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1.
Four types of meju were made from 100%(w/w) defatted soybean (DFS), a mixture of 80%(w/w) defatted soybean, and 20%(w/w) glasswort (DFS-G),
a mixture of 80%(w/w) defatted soybean and 20%(w/w) rice (DFS-R), and a mixture of 60%(w/w) defatted soybean, 20%(w/w) glasswort,
and 20%(w/w) rice (DFS-GR). Four types of Korean traditional soy sauce were prepared from the 4 types of meju. Mineral and antioxidant contents in the soy sauce made of DFS-G and DFS-GR were significantly higher than others. Citric,
malic, succinic, lactic, and pyroglutamic acid contents in soy sauce made of DFS-R and DFS-GR were 1.3–1.5 times higher than
others. Total nitrogen and free amino acid contents in soy sauce were correlated with DFS concentration in the meju. The bacterial community in the non-fermented meju-making ingredients was replaced largely by Bacillus sp. in the fermented meju. The use of glasswort and rice in the meju-making process did not alter the bacterial community responsible for the fermentation of meju. 相似文献
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3.
The various extracts from chamdanggui (Angelica gigas Nakai) and sogdan (Phlomis umbrosa Turcz) were evaluated for estrogenic activity and characterized according to HPLC profile. Chamdanggui and sogdan were individually extracted with 4 solvents (hot water, 70% ethanol, n-butanol, and dichloromethane) of differing polarities. Estrogenic activity was determined by E-screen using an estrogen-dependent
MCF-7 BUS cell. Although almost all extracts showed estrogenic effects in a concentrationdependent manner, the hot water extract
from chamdanggui (250 μg/mL) had the higher effect (138%). Among 90 fractions using HPLC separation of the hot water extract from chamdanggui, fraction 21 and 28 produced the highest estrogenic effects of 178 and 163% at 10 μg/mL, respectively. The results imply
that the hot water extract from chamdanggui could be useful as an alternative hormone replacement therapy. 相似文献
4.
Leona Buňková František Buňka Michaela Hlobilová Zuzana Vaňátková Dana Nováková Vladimír Dráb 《European Food Research and Technology》2009,229(3):533-538
The aim of this paper was to study the biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, agmatine, spermine and
spermidine) production of selected technological important lactic acid bacteria (strains of the genera Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus). Three methods (ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), PCR and cultivation method with pH indicator) were used. Within the 39
strains of lactic acid bacteria tested, the production of tyramine (formed by tyrosine decarboxylase) was detected in eight
strains (3 strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, three strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, 1 strain of Streptococcus thermophilus and 1 strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus). The other tested biogenic amines were not detected. Cultivation in decarboxylation broth seems to be the least accurate
method for the detection of biogenic amines due to enhanced risk of false-positive reactions. Therefore, in order to detect
bacteria producing biogenic amines, the combination of PCR and chromatographic methods (e.g. IEC) can be recommended. 相似文献
5.
Dipali D. Tengse B. Priya P. Arun Raj Kumar 《Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety》2017,11(1):85-92
Green tea has been credited with providing a wide variety of health benefits like higher total antioxidant, cancer prevention, and anti-irritant etc. Microencapsulation technology is used to prevent antioxidant loss during processing which involves entrapment of active material into carrier material. The experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on three level two factor (green tea extract, 10–25 % and drying inlet air temperature, 120, 130 and 140°C) central composite design. The feed emulsion was prepared with green tea extract as core material and 40 % maltodextrin concentration as wall material with the ratio of core to wall (1:2) and it was fed into the spray dryer at varied drying inlet air temperature to get encapsulated green tea extract powder. The quality characteristics were analysed such as moisture content, total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content and the process conditions were optimized using desirability function methodology. At optimum spray drying condition moisture content, total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were found to be 3.1 % w.b., 72.91 % free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method, 57.81 mg/g of dry matter, expressed as gallic acid equivalent respectively with desirability value of 0.92. 相似文献
6.
Burcu Olanca Dilek Sivri Ozay Hamit Koksel 《European Food Research and Technology》2009,229(5):813-820
Wholemeal samples were obtained from five durum wheat cultivars at two different bug (Eurygaster spp.) damage levels (medium and high damage). The samples were incubated (60 and 120 min) and used in size exclusion high
performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) analyses. The results showed that the amount of larger polymeric protein (TP1)
and smaller polymeric protein (TP2) obtained from total (sodium dodecyl sulfate soluble) proteins decreased significantly
in the bug-damaged samples, while the amount of total larger monomeric proteins (TP3) increased. The polymeric/monomeric protein
ratio of all cultivars decreased at 60 min of incubation with increasing damage level. For all cultivars, the ratio of unextractable
polymeric protein (UPP%) significantly decreased at 60 min of incubation except cv. Diyarbakir. The results suggested that
bug protease caused depolymerization and/or disaggregation of polymeric proteins to lower their average molecular size. The
changes in protein structure as determined using SE-HPLC supported by the decreases in gluten content and gluten index values
which decreased with suni-bug damage. Deteriorative effects of bug damage on durum wheat quality were found to be quite similar
to those on bread wheats. 相似文献
7.
Jin Hwan Lee Weon Taek Seo Woo Jin Lim Kye Man Cho 《Food science and biotechnology》2011,20(3):695-702
The aim of this research was to investigate the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in different tissues
including leaves, stems, and roots from baekseohyang (Daphne kiusiana). The highest contents of total phenolics (43.59 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g) and flavonoids (15.73 mg rutin equivalents,
RE/g) were observed in the 75% methanol extract of leaves. Moreover, this extract had the predominant antioxidant capacity,
DPPH (85.91%) and ABTS (92.57%) radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power (7.20%) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL.
The highest content of phenolic compounds was also exhibited in this extract with an increasing order in leaves, roots, and
stems and their major components were vanillic acid (6.37 mg/g), tannic acid (1.91 mg/g), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3.96 mg/g). Thus, the strong antioxidant activities of the 75% methanol extract are correlated with
high phenolic compound contents. This study suggests that baekseohyang leaves may potentially be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidants. 相似文献
8.
Thermal inactivation of quality-related enzymes in both cauliflower crude enzyme extracts and fresh tissue samples was studied
in temperature range 50–100 °C. For crude enzyme extracts, several parameters, reaction rate constants (k) and activation energy (E
a) as well as decimal reduction time (D) and (z) values, were used to characterize the thermal stability. The rates of inactivation were found to follow first-order inactivation
kinetics. Activation energies varied between 101.18 and 208.42 kJ mol−1 with z values of 10.59–24.09 °C. The examined kinetics indicated that lipoxygenase was the most heat resistant followed by peroxidase,
polyphenol oxidase, pectin methyl esterase and ascorbic acid oxidase. Furthermore, the obtained results from the blanched
fresh tissues indicated that inactivation of lipoxygenase secured disappearing of any other enzyme activities. Therefore,
this study recommends using lipoxygenase as an indicator enzyme to optimize the thermal treatments of cauliflower products. 相似文献
9.
Xavier Bonjoch Laia Calvó Marçal Soler Olaya Ruiz-Rueda L. Jesús Garcia-Gil 《Food Analytical Methods》2010,3(1):40-46
A new rapid method based on real-time PCR was developed to detect four thermophilic Campylobacter species (Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter upsaliensis) in food samples. The assay targeted the bipA gene for C. upsaliensis and C. lari, whereas the gene encoding the ATP-binding protein CJE0832 was used to detect C. coli and C. jejuni. These genes were chosen for this assay due to their low variability and mutation rate at a species level. The multiplex
PCR showed 100% inclusivity for all 25 thermophilic Campylobacter strains tested and 100% exclusivity for 38 non-targeted strains belonging to closely related species. The newly developed
real-time PCR could detect down to 102 genomes/reaction and displayed efficiency above 97% for all species except for C. upsaliensis (90.1%). The method proved to be a reliable tool for food analysis, showing 100% sensitivity, 96% efficiency, and 92.45%
specificity when validated against the gold standard method UNE-EN ISO 10272:2006 using 200 diverse food samples (meat, fish,
fruits and vegetables, and raw milk). In artificially spiked samples, the detection limit of the method was 10 cfu/g in salad,
5 cfu/g in turkey meat, and 1 cfu/g in the rest of meat samples tested. Consequently, the newly designed molecular tool represents
a quick and safe alternative to obtain reliable results concerning the presence/absence of the main thermophilic Campylobacter in any food sample. 相似文献
10.
Hakime Hülya Orak Hülya Yagar Sebnem Selen Isbilir Ahmet Şükrü Demirci Tuncay Gümüş Neslihan Ekinci 《Food science and biotechnology》2011,20(5):1249-1256
In present study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves were investigated. Antioxidant activity was determined by methods of DPPH scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, reducing
power, metal chelating, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Total phenolic content were
determined to be 197.16±1.43 mg GAE/g extract in aqueous extract. The EC50 value of methanolic extracts was found to be 0.423 mg/mL. The extracts of leaves showed nearly 1/4 metal chelating capacity
of standard EDTA, high reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. While the
strawberry tree leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, there was no inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. The strawberry tree leaves exhibited antifungal effect against 2 aflatoxigenic molds namely Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and NRRL 465. These results suggest that the strawberry tree leaves may be used as an antioxidant source for pharmaceutical
application, nutraceutical and functional food industries. 相似文献
11.
Jerzy Borowski Agnieszka Szajdek Eulalia J. Borowska Ewa Ciska Henryk Zieliński 《European Food Research and Technology》2008,226(3):459-465
To evaluate individual variations in broccoli VOLTA F1 plants, the bioactive components of 15 florets that were cultivated
in identical agricultural and climatic conditions were analyzed. Glucosinolates were analyzed by HPLC; total phenolic compounds,
ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids (vitamin C) and the DPPH• and OH• radical-scavenging activities of samples were also determined. Florets were characterized by particularly high glucoraphanin
content, 17.95 μmol/g dry weight on average, which comprised about 50% of total glucosinolates. High individual variation
was observed for several bioactive compounds, as well as for DPPH• and OH• radical-scavenging activity. Coefficients of variability (CVs) were high, and except for one case, exceeded 10%. Among glucosinolates,
the highest CVs were noted for progoitrin (34.22%), 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin (27.32%) and neoglucobrassicin (24.44%). High
CVs were also observed for vitamin C (29.11%), including dehydroascorbic acid (26.72%), and for OH• (25.76%) and DPPH• (21.77%) radical-scavenging activities. Smaller variations were found for glucoraphanin (CV = 14.84%) and polyphenols (CV = 14.95%). 相似文献
12.
The fruit and thin-husked seeds of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and buckwheat grain (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), both grown in Slovenia, were analysed for selenium (Se) content following foliar application of Se(VI) solution during the period of blooming. Samples were digested by a H2SO4-HNO3-H2O2-V2O5 mixture and Se determined, based on hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The whole procedure from weighing to measuring was carried out in the same Teflon vessel. The detection limit of the method was 0.14 ng g–1 solution. Buckwheat seeds from untreated plants contained 47 ng g–1 of Se and 394 ng g–1 from plants after foliar fertilisation with Se. Pumpkin seeds from untreated plants contained 108 ng g–1 of Se, and 381 ng g–1 of Se from Se-treated plants, all per lyophilised sample. Se content in lyophilised pumpkin fruit was 15 ng g–1 in untreated plants and 20 ng g–1 in Se-treated pumpkin plants. It is thus feasible to enhance Se content in buckwheat and pumpkin seeds by foliar fertilisation, making them a rich source of dietary Se and useful as a raw material for enriched food products. 相似文献
13.
Esterases are enzymes that present good potential in industrial application, and soybean seed can represent an alternative
source for this enzyme. The extraction and esterase activity of Brazilian soybean seeds (Glycine max L.) were evaluated. Esterase activity was found in both the germinated and non-germinated seeds at 2.90 and 1.70 U/mg, respectively,
with a concentration in the powdered extract (freeze dried) of 100 mg/mL. The enzyme showed a preference for the hydrolysis
of short chain fatty acids (120.02 U/mL) and optimum pH for activity was pH 8.0 with optimum temperatures of 40 and 80°C.
The enzyme showed stability at 70°C showing 60% of residual activity and activity increased with the addition of the following
salts: NaNO3, K2SO4, and Na2SO4 in the reaction medium. 相似文献
14.
The heavy metal contents and chemical compositions among mackerel species were investigated. Atlantic and chub mackerel had
higher mercury, but lower lead than blue mackerel. Chub mackerel had the highest crude fat (18.62%) and the lowest moisture
(58.29%), whereas blue mackerel had the highest moisture (70.10%) and the lowest crude fat (2.89%). Atlantic and blue mackerel
had total saturated fatty acids (SFA)>polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)>monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whereas chub
mackerel had PUFA>SFA>MUFA. The main SFA of the 3 mackerels were 16:0 and the main PUFAs were 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3. The total
amino acid contents in Atlantic, blue, and chub mackerel were 190.63, 169.49, and 172.97 mg/g, respectively. The major amino
acids of the 3 mackerels were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. 相似文献
15.
Samee Haider Zhenxing Li Hong Lin Khalid Jamil Bang Ping Wang 《European Food Research and Technology》2009,229(3):435-441
Food allergy has becoming the serious threat in the world for which the search of an effective anti-allergic drug is the demand
of time. Keeping in view of the potentiality of seaweeds, the ethanol extracts from Sargassum tenerrimum (ST), Sargassum cervicorne (SC), and Sargassum graminifolium turn (SG) have been studied in vivo for its antiallergenicity through passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active cutaneous
anaphylaxis (ACA) in female BALB/c mice. Intraperitoneal administration of these ethanol extracts inhibit mouse PCA and ACA
in a dose-dependent manner using ovalbumin (OVA) and shrimp allergen as triggering agents to induce allergenicity over mice.
The extract of ST containing phlorotannin has been found most active over the suppression of PCA triggered by OVA and shrimp
with IC50 values of 25.64 and 40.98 mg/kg, respectively and an efficacy comparable to that of an anti-allergic drug disodiumcromoglycate.
Similarly, ST inhibits ACA triggered by ova and shrimp allergen in the mouse, with 50% suppression at 25.5 and 43.53 mg/kg,
respectively. The results presented here show that these extracts are active on the studied models among which ethanol extract
of ST was the most potent, leading toward the promising development of a new class of anti-allergic drugs. 相似文献
16.
‘Lemon Myrtle’ is becoming increasingly popular in Europe both for use in cuisine and phytotherapy. However, this common name
covers two completely different species, Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. and Leptospermum citratum Challinor, Cheel & A.R.Penfold. These species differ with respect to secondary compounds and even can cause, if mixed up
and applied in high dose, toxic effects. We describe how the two species can be discriminated microscopically making use of
differences in the morphology of leaf pavement cells and the relative size of palisade parenchyma. Based on the large subunit
of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rbcL) as molecular marker, the phylogenetic position of the two species
within the Myrtaceae could be clarified. This sequence information was used to develop a simple assay to discriminate the
two species even in dried and highly fragmented mixtures as typically occurring in commercial samples. This assay utilises
the occurrence of single-nucleotide exchanges between those species that produce different fragments when the rbcL amplificates
are restricted with Sac II. 相似文献
17.
Sergi Muñoz Isabel Achaerandio Yali Yang Montserrat Pujolà 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2017,10(4):759-769
This study aimed to assess the effect of sous vide cooking on the total and resistant starch content, color, and shear force in three potato cultivars (Agria, Agata, and Carrera). Potato strips were also cooked by three common treatments (boiling, frying, and microwaving) to evaluate the differences between the methods. According to principal component analysis (PCA), sous vide-processed cv. Agria and Agata potato strips were grouped with boiled samples, in contrast, cv. Carrera sous vide samples were grouped with microwaved samples. Higher water losses were associated with microwaved potatoes due to the diffusion of water inside the tuber. In addition, a significant decrease in shear force was obtained after microwaving and sous vide cooking (p < 0.05) irrespective of the treatment strength. The three cultivars became less bright, and the intensity of the color decreased; however, variations in the cook value (C 100, min) between treatments did not affect the lightness and hue angle. Regardless of the initial value of resistant starch and the intensity of the cooking process, all of the cultivars reached a final content of less than 5%. From our results, in-pack sterilization may be considered for application in the food industry as a technology that has a similar impact to conventional cooking treatments used on potato products. 相似文献
18.
The diversity of 87 Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum/paraplantarum strains, previously identified from different autochthonous dairy products, was investigated by phenotypic and genotypic
approaches. The increased resolution obtained using phenotypic and genotypic characterization allowed the level of strain
heterogeneity detection to be widened. Phenotypic diversity was evaluated by studying biochemical characteristics of technological
interest, including antimicrobial and proteinase activities, resistance to nisin, aggregation ability, production of exopolysaccharides,
acetoin and diacetyl, citrate utilization, and antibiotic susceptibility. Genotypic diversity was generally evaluated by PCR
amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA element fingerprinting using the (GTG)5 primer [(GTG)5-PCR]. Moreover, in cases where strains were not discriminated by (GTG)5-PCR combined with phenotypic analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis was performed. The results indicate
that L. plantarum/paraplantarum and L. paracasei natural isolates from artisanal dairy products are a gold mine in terms of diversity of strains and could be potentially
interesting to dairy companies for the formulation of functional starter cultures in the production of innovative foods. 相似文献
19.
Isotherms of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) at 25 and 40°C were determined and drying kinetics of whole and sliced shiitake mushrooms were tested using a convective air drying method at different drying temperature of 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. The monolayer
moisture contents of the mushroom were 7.23 and 5.44 g water/100 g of dry solids at 25 and 40°C, respectively. Both mushroom
samples showed falling drying rate periods with increasing drying rates with increases in drying temperature, and the drying
rate of the sliced mushrooms was faster than that of the whole mushrooms at the same drying conditions. The kinetic parameters
for dehydration of the mushrooms were determined using the Newton model and the Classical diffusion model. Activation energy
(E
a
) values as determined using the Newton model were 22.58 and 20.48 kJ/mol for the whole and sliced mushrooms, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Pigment composition of 15 black carrot cultivars (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) was screened by HPLC-MS. Up to seven cyanidin glycosides, five of which were acylated with hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, were identified and quantified in the roots by HPLC-DAD. Contents of individual compounds indicated great differences in the potential of anthocyanin accumulation both between different cultivars and carrots of the same cultivar. Total anthocyanin amounts ranged from 45.4 mg/kg dry matter to 17.4 g/kg dry matter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the quantification of individual anthocyanins in roots of different black carrot cultivars. The determination of color properties in the extracts under various pH conditions proved black carrot anthocyanins to be applicable as natural food colorants also for low-acid food commodities, whereas a considerable loss of color was noted under nearly neutral conditions. Additionally, relatively high saccharide contents were found in almost all cultivars which may be disadvantageous when coloring concentrates are produced from carrot roots. 相似文献