An investigation on the performance of a Brayton cycle waste heat recovery system for turbocharged diesel engines

A Brayton cycle waste heat recovery (WHR) system for turbocharged diesel engines was proposed and the performance of a diesel engine integrated with the proposed system was investigated. The waste heat recovery system is integrated with the turbocharging system of diesel engines, using the turbocharger compressor as the Brayton cycle compressor. The engine cycle simulation code GT-Suite 7.0 was used to investigate the performance of a diesel engine integrated with the WHR system. A Brayton cycle turbine was designed and its performance was simulated with a through-flow model. The turbocharging system of the original engine was modified and the energy flow distribution between the diesel cycle and the Brayton cycle was optimized. Results show that the fuel economy of the diesel engine can be improved by 2.6% at high engine speed and 4.6% at low engine speed under engine full load operating conditions when equipped with the Brayton cycle WHR system. The influence of turbocharger parameters on the WHR engine performance was invesgated.     

船舶推进轴系扭振模拟实验系统研究

根据船舶扭振的特点,采用模块化设计,开发船舶推进装置的扭振模拟实验平台;以齿盘和光电开关为传感器,NI的信号调理箱、数据采集卡等为主要器件实现扭振信号的采集;基于LabVIEW软件构建扭振监测系统。该系统实时监测推进轴系的振动情况,同时对振动信号做时域分析、频域分析和相位分析等。实验还模拟了激振力、负载等原因引起的扭振情况。实验结果表明,该方案实现了设计的目标,较好地满足了教学及科研需求。     

An algorithm for robust noninteracting control of ship propulsion system

In this paper, a new algorithm for noninteracting control system design is proposed and applied to ship propulsion system control. For example, if a ship diesel engine is operated by consolidated control with controllable pitch propeller (CPP), the minimum fuel consumption is achieved satisfying the demanded ship speed. For this, it is necessary that the ship is operated on the ideal operating line which satisfies the minimum fuel consumption, and the both pitch angle of CPP and throttle valve angle are controlled simultaneously. In this context of view, this paper gives a controller design method for a ship propulsion system with CPP based on noninteracting control theory. Where, linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is introduced for the control system design to satisfy the givenH _∞ constraint in the presence of physical parameter perturbation and disturbance input. To the end, the validity and applicability of this approach are illustrated by the simulation in the all operating ranges.     

船舶主柴油机燃油波尔滤器的改进方案设计

船舶主柴油机是船舶安全航行的心脏,而燃油波尔滤器担负着燃油过滤与净化的重要任务,是为主柴油机提供可靠、洁净燃油的重要设备。本文主要针对目前燃油波尔滤器工作存在的诸多问题,介绍了燃油波尔滤器的结构及工作原理,分析了设备存在的不足;并通过流体力学相关计算和设备工作性能要求,提出了系统改进设计方案,从而为下一步船舶修理提供改造依据,最终达到提高设备工作稳定性和保障主柴油机安全运行的目的。     

Torsional system parameter identification of internal combustion engines under normal operation

For internal combustion engines, lumped-mass models of the crankshaft system are frequently used for torque estimation in control and diagnostic applications, such as cylinder balancing and misfire detection. Due to inherent model uncertainties and changing system dynamics it may be necessary to adapt the model parameters from time to time in order to preserve the required model accuracy. In this paper a frequency-domain method for on-line identification of the parameters describing the torsional dynamics of internal combustion engines is presented. In the proposed method, the engine is excited by adjusting the cylinder-wise injected fuel amounts, and the measured responses in torsional vibration frequency components are used for parameter estimation. As the fuel-injection adjustments can be determined in such a way that the net indicated torque is unaffected, the identification can be performed on-line without disturbing normal engine operation. The procedure can be applied to estimate the torsional stiffness and damping parameters of the flexible coupling connecting the engine and the load. In addition, the gains which describe how the cylinder-wise fuel injections affect the amplitudes of relevant torsional vibratory frequency components are obtained. The parameter identification method is successfully evaluated in full-scale engine tests on a 6.6 MW six-cylinder medium-speed common-rail diesel engine.     

Functional properties of microstructured cylinder liner surfaces for internal combustion engines

Internal combustion engines are still of major importance as propulsion systems. To fulfil future market and legislative demands it is necessary to improve engine performance, reduce fuel consumption, and limit exhaust emissions. Mechanical and thermodynamic losses, wear, and the emissions caused by lubricating oil combustion are principally influenced by the tribological behaviour of the piston assembly. The trend towards compact engines with high power densities and increased thermomechanical loads increases the importance of this tribological system and requires new approaches. One promising possibility is the utilisation of liner surfaces with specially machined microstructures. This paper describes a comparison between a conventional liner surface and a laser‐structured liner as regards their tribological behaviour. Measurements of wear as well as of oil film thickness and friction force in operation have been carried out. The results show better tribological behaviour for the laser‐structured liner surface than for the conventional plateau‐honed surface. This leads to lower fuel consumption and less wear.     

长周期变转速下入口油温对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子振动特性影响

高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统的入口油温在长周期变转速运行条件下会产生动态变化,从而改变转子系统振动特性甚至导致非线性振动事故。以某型汽油机用高速轻载涡轮增压器转子为研究对象,分析浮环轴承内油膜最小厚度与偏心率随入口油温参数的变化规律,构建涡轮增压器转子-浮环轴承系统动力学有限元模型,采用Newmark积分法分析转子系统的非线性瞬态响应,结合涡轮增压器升速实验,得到不同入口油温下转子系统三维振动瀑布图与Colormap频谱图,探究入口油温对转子系统振动响应特性的影响。结果表明:随着入口油温从50℃增至130℃时,内油膜最小厚度会减少,环速比与偏心率会增加,内油膜振荡幅值逐渐降低,但出现内油膜振荡与外油膜涡动的轴颈转速点会提前约30%,且外油膜涡动幅值会逐步增加。综合内外油膜涡动与振动幅值,入口油温约为90℃时转子振动情况较好。结论可为设计具有智能抗振性能的高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统的运行参数提供理论参考。     

新型混合动力汽车工作模式分析与参数匹配设计

为降低制造成本,并实现混合动力汽车节省燃油和降低排放,提出了一种采用行星齿轮机构的新型混合动力汽车动力传动系统方案,进行了该系统方案的工作模式分析和参数匹配设计。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下利用整车动力学理论建模与关键零部件(如发动机、ISG电机、电池、变速器以及行星齿轮)数值建模相结合的方法,建立了基于该系统方案和设计参数的混合动力汽车整车性能分析模型,进行了整车动力性能和ECE_EUDC循环工况下的燃油经济性仿真计算分析。结果表明所设计的新型混合动力汽车参数设计合理,具有良好的动力性,燃油消耗较传统车下降36.8%,这为该系统方案的实施提供了理论依据。     

船舶节能新技术开发与应用研究

随着船舶燃油价格的上涨,船舶节能技术得到了广泛的关注,本文主要介绍了国内外船舶节能新技术的研究和进展.本文重点介绍了主机动力系统、制冷系统、推进系统和油料系统等的综合节能技术措施.再借助管理系统的帮助,将能为国内的船舶节能的发展提供有利的推动.     

Multi-stage turbocharger system analysis method for high altitude UAV engine

A multi-stage turbocharger system analysis method has been presented for a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine targeted for High altitude long endurance UAV (HALE UAV), of which cruising altitude is 60000 ft. To utilize an internal combustion engine as a propulsion system of a HALE UAV, proper inlet pressure boost system such as a series of turbochargers should be ready, which makes engine performance less sensitive to flight altitude. In this study, to boost rarefied intake air pressure up to 1.7 bar to avoid early ignition of hydrogen and to produce required power from engine, we used a boost system which consists of three-staged turbocharger accompanied by intercooler to reduce compressed air temperature. To analyze multi-stage turbocharger performance at the cruising altitude, we established an explicit one-dimensional analysis method by matching required power between compressors and turbines. Then adequate turbochargers were searched for from commercially available models based on performance analysis results. One-dimensional analysis was also applied from sea level to the cruising altitude to decide turbocharger operating lines were located within each turbocharger operating ranges.

     

Method for evaluating the reliability of compressor impeller of turbocharger for vehicle application in plateau area

As turbocharging diesel engines for vehicle application are applied in plateau area, the environmental adaptability of engines has drawn more attention. For the environmental adaptability problem of turbocharging diesel engines for vehicle application, the present studies almost focus on the optimization of performance match between turbocharger and engine, and the reliability problem of turbocharger is almost ignored. The reliability problem of compressor impeller of turbocharger for vehicle application when diesel engines operate in plateau area is studied. Firstly, the rule that the rotational speed of turbocharger changes with the altitude height is presented, and the potential failure modes of compressor impeller are analyzed. Then, the failure behavior models of compressor impeller are built, and the reliability models of compressor impeller operating in plateau area are developed. Finally, the rule that the reliability of compressor impeller changes with the altitude height is studied, the measurements for improving the reliability of the compressor impellers of turbocharger operating in plateau area are given. The results indicate that when the operating speed of diesel engine is certain, the rotational speed of turbocharger increases with the increase of altitude height, and the failure risk of compressor impeller with the failure modes of hub fatigue and blade resonance increases. The reliability of compressor impeller decreases with the increase of altitude height, and it also decreases as the increase of number of the mission profile cycle of engine. The method proposed can not only be used to evaluating the reliability of compressor impeller when diesel engines operate in plateau area but also be applied to direct the structural optimization of compressor impeller.     

A study on the engine downsizing using mechanical supercharger

One means of fulfilling CO₂ emission legislation is to downsize engines by boosting their power using turbochargers or mechanical superchargers. This reduces fuel consumption by decreasing the engine displacement. When a turbocharger, which is preferable to a mechanical supercharger in terms of fuel efficiency, is used, there is insufficient availability of exhaust gas energy at low engine speeds, resulting in an unfavorable engine response. Therefore, mechanically driven superchargers have increased in popularity due to their quick response to changing speeds in the transient phase. However, since a mechanical supercharger obtains its driving power from the engine, it is difficult to decrease its fuel consumption. This remains a large negative factor for superchargers, despite their excellent dynamic performance. This study aims to develop a power control concept to improve the fuel economy of a mechanical screw supercharger, which could then be used for engine downsizing.     

纳米WS2车用机油添加剂在柴油发动机中的应用效果研究

通过柴油发动机台架实验和行车实验,分析了不同工况下自制纳米WS2车用机油添加剂在柴油发动机中的应用效果。结果表明,在FC2000柴油发动机台架上应用时,纳米WS2车用机油添加剂在不同转速和不同负载下均能在一定程度上降低发动机油耗率,减少发动机尾气中NOx含量和颗粒物含量,并且当发动机转速为1 700r/min,负载为70N.m时,节油率最高为9.95%,颗粒物减排率最高为49.3%,而当发动机处于低速、高速、低载和高载等工况时,NOx减排率较高,最高达到36%;在柴油机大客车上应用时,纳米WS2车用机油添加剂使其耗油量下降约14.4%,并能在一定程度上降低发动机的运行噪声,使发动机的有害气体(NOx)排放减少34.8%～51%。综合表明纳米WS2车用机油添加剂具有良好的节能减排效果。     

发动机曲轴轴系扭振技术研究的方法分析

曲轴扭振对发动机NVH性能有着重要的影响,它在发动机设计中具有重要地位。总结了发动机振动的类型、曲轴扭振的产生原因及其产生的危害,同时评述了发动机轴系扭振研究的力学模型、计算方法的优点及不足。最后,提出将有限元和多体动力学相结合来研究发动机曲轴扭振是其较好的方法以及非线性振动是人们需要研究的重要问题。     

水下航行装置推进轴系扭转振动控制研究

主要讨论以摆盘式活塞发动机作为其主机的某水下航行装置推进轴系的扭转振动问题。首先建立了推进轴系的两个扭振模型，并进行了轴系的扭振计算。为了验证模型参数的准确性，对推进轴系进行了脉冲激励试验。以试验及计算结果为依据对推进轴系的几种不同方案进行了比较。最后对双轴调频减振方案进行分析，提出了一种合理可行的减振方法     

Tribological aspects of by-pass oil filters on gasoline passenger car engines

Contaminants in passenger car engines are physically separated from lubricating oil by full flow oil filters. The additional cleaning in by-pass filters should allow oil drain intervals to be extended or to operate engines without oil change and reduce engine wear noticeably, as claimed by some by-pass filter manufacturers. To establish whether the claim is mere conjecture or if the addition of by-pass filters into the oil circuits of passenger car gasoline engines are indeed of real benefit with respect to engine and lubricant performance, a research project was initiated by the UBA on behalf of the German environment ministry. Special attention had to be paid to the influence on oil contamination, variation in viscosity, detergency, dispersancy, fuel and oil consumption, engine wear and overall reliability and durability. Some highlights of the total programme are presented in this paper.     

Effects of unbalance location on dynamic characteristics of high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger with floating ring bearings

For the high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger rotor, due to the heterogeneity of multiple parts material, manufacturing and assembly errors, running wear in impeller and uneven carbon of turbine, the random unbalance usually can be developed which will induce excessive rotor vibration, and even lead to nonlinear vibration accidents. However, the investigation of unbalance location on the nonlinear high-speed turbocharger rotordynamic characteristics is less. In order to discuss the rotor unbalance location effects of turbocharger with nonlinear floating ring bearings(FRBs), the realistic turbocharger of gasoline engine is taken as a research object. The rotordynamic equations of motion under the condition of unbalance are derived by applied unbalance force and nonlinear oil film force of FRBs. The FE model of turbocharger rotor-bearing system is modeled which includes the unbalance excitation and nonlinear FRBs. Under the conditions of four different applied locations of unbalance, the nonlinear transient analyses are performed based on the rotor FEM. The differences of dynamic behavior are obvious to the turbocharger rotor systems for four conditions, and the bifurcation phenomena are different. From the results of waterfall and transient response analysis, the speed for the appearance of fractional frequency is not identical and the amplitude magnitude is different from the different unbalance locations, and the non-synchronous vibration does not occur in the turbocharger and the amplitude is relative stable and minimum under the condition 4. The turbocharger vibration and non-synchronous components could be reduced or suppressed by controlling the applied location of unbalance, which is helpful for the dynamic design, fault diagnosis and vibration control of the high-speed gasoline engine turbochargers.     

基于电喷发动机的挖掘机控制系统设计

现有的机械式发动机排放差、能耗高,采用电喷发动机作为挖掘机的动力源将提高燃油效率,开发电喷发动机的控制系统具有重要意义．在现有挖掘机控制系统的功能分析基础上,确定了基于电喷发动机的控制系统的功能原理图,分析了J1939的协议,确定了电喷发动机的主要参数的解析和控制方法,通过CoDeSys（Controlled Development System）平台设计了电喷发动机的控制系统,并进行了控制试验．试验结果表明：设计的控制系统能正确控制发动机转速和实现相关参数的测量,对挖掘机的电控节能研究具有一定的参考价值．     

浮环轴向长度对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统振动特性影响研究

浮环轴承内外轴向长度结构参数会影响油膜压力分布与偏心率,产生显著分频振动而引发高速轻载涡轮增压器转子非线性振动故障。基于流体润滑理论和浮环力矩平衡方程,推导了含浮环轴承的涡轮增压器转子系统动力学方程,揭示浮环轴承轴向长度与转子系统振动响应之间的关系。以某型汽油机用涡轮增压器转子系统为例,分析浮环内、外轴向长度对轴承油膜压力、偏心率等动力特性的影响,构建转子系统动力学有限元模型,通过三维振动瀑布图研究不同浮环轴向长度下转子系统频域瞬态振动响应,结果表明：浮环内轴向长度从2.6增加到4.6 mm,导致浮环转速升高,最大内油膜压力减小,轴颈偏心率降低,分频幅值增加且出现分频的轴颈转速由142 kr/min降至76 kr/min,更易产生明显的非线性涡动现象;浮环外轴向长度从3.6增加到6.15 mm,使浮环转速降低,最大外油膜压力变小,浮环偏心率及轴颈相对浮环的偏心率减小,低转速下分频幅值减少且出现分频的轴颈转速由10 kr/min升至22 kr/min,可抑制转子系统过早发生非线性涡动,为浮环轴承结构参数设计与试验提供理论支撑。     

车用扭振减振器性能检测试验台

为解决车用扭振减振器与发动机匹配实验危险系数较高的问题,基于虚拟仪器技术开发了一套车用扭振减振器性能检测试验台.试验台控制系统模拟车用发动机产生扭转振动,通过变频器及变频电机实现了扭振激励的转速、频率及振幅可调.信号采集系统由多路磁电传感器及NI-DAQ采集设备组成.试验台采用高频记数原理,记录测速齿盘旋转过程中每一齿...