板坯角横裂成因及控制措施

针对微合金化钢角部横裂纹缺陷,从连铸工艺角度分析了板坯角横裂的形成原因,提出了微合金化钢角部横裂纹缺陷的控制措施。通过优化二次冷却强度、稳定结晶器液面、提高铸机精度、调整二冷喷嘴宽度、采用倒角结晶器及控制钢液增氮等措施,提高了铸坯表面质量,板坯角部横裂纹得到了有效改善,缺陷发生率由24%降低至2%。     

SS400铝镇静钢连铸板坯角横裂纹成因及对策

针对SS400铝镇静钢连铸板坯的角横裂纹缺陷问题,研究了铸坯的高温力学性能、铸坯在矫直区内的角部温度,同时对铸坯角横裂纹缺陷试样进行了金相分析并对裂纹表面进行了SEM观察.研究分析认为对于SS400铝镇静钢,在800 ℃左右,奥氏体向铁素体转变引起的晶间脆化以及在更高温度开始析出的AlN对晶界的脆化降低了钢的延塑性,使得铸坯在这一温度附近矫直时导致角部出现沿晶开裂.在对连铸机二冷喷嘴水量分布研究的基础上,通过更改二冷喷嘴的位置和排布方式,减弱了对铸坯角部的冷却,从而有效地避免了角横裂纹缺陷的发生.     

倒角结构对连铸坯角部温度的影响及角横裂控制工业试验

以控制铌、钛微合金化钢板坯角部横裂纹为目标,在马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司板坯连铸机上开发并应用倒角结晶器技术。建立三维稳态传热模型,采用数值模拟的方法研究了倒角结构对连铸坯角部温度的影响,通过工业试验对比分析了不同角部形状板坯角部横裂纹的控制效果。数值模拟结果表明:铸坯角部由直角变为钝角后,角部温度明显提高;距弯月面900mm处,角部温度由788℃提高到1 091℃以上,铸坯宽面角部的角度分别为120°,125°,127°时,其角部温度依次为1 091,1 128,1 110℃,相应地铸坯窄面角部的温度依次为1 254,1 240,1 209℃。工业试验结果表明:采用倒角结晶器和二冷弱冷工艺后,角部横裂纹得到了有效控制,铸坯宽面角部的角度为125°时,角部横裂纹发生比例最低,铸坯质量满足热送直轧要求。     

含铌钢板坯角横裂纹的控制

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了含铌微合金化钢铸坯角部横裂纹的形成原因.发现矫直区铸坯角部温度位于该钢种第Ⅲ脆性温度区间内;拉速波动导致角部温度变化较大;二冷喷嘴状况不好导致两边角部温度相差较大.采用提高拉速、矫直区铸坯角部喷嘴遮挡等"热行"方法后,铸坯角部温度明显提高,铸坯的角横裂纹的发生率大大降低,但铸坯中心偏析恶化.采用增加角部喷嘴的"冷行"方法后,铸坯角部温度明显降低,铸坯的角横裂纹和中心偏析大大改善.     

含铌微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制二冷新工艺

基于唐钢中厚板厂含铌钢板坯连铸生产实际,采用数值模拟方法研究了Q345B- Nb含铌钢板坯连铸过程实施铸坯角部二冷高温区角部组织多相变晶粒细化控冷工艺的可行性。结果表明,通过在结晶器窄面足辊下方增加6组针对铸坯角部强喷淋冷却的喷嘴结构,可使铸坯角部温度下降至约600 ℃,而后减少立弯段中下部3区与4区冷却水量,可使铸坯角部温度回升至900 ℃以上,满足铸坯角部多相变温度控制条件。在此基础上,将新控冷工艺应用于现场实际,实施铸坯二冷高温区多相变控冷新工艺后,铸坯角部距表面0~20 mm范围内的组织均可由传统工艺下“奥氏体＋先共析铁素体膜”结构转变成“铁素体＋珠光体”结构,且晶粒细化至不大于20 μm,铸坯抗裂纹能力大幅提高,含铌钢连铸坯角部裂纹率由原工艺的5.89%稳定控制在小于0.1%水平。     

宽厚连铸板坯角部裂纹控制技术开发

 针对直弧型大型连铸机钢液中夹杂物更容易上浮到结晶器液面,有利于降低板坯中的夹杂物质量分数,生产宽厚板坯时角部容易出现横裂纹也容易出现纵裂纹的特点,重钢3号连铸机通过大倒角结晶器技术开发、直弧型连铸机对弧技术优化、板坯宽窄面鼓肚预防等工作降低坯壳所受到的应力;通过大倒角结晶器开发、二冷喷嘴布置优化、二冷动态配水等工作,使板坯温度避开钢的第三脆性区。这两方面综合作用的结果是,2014年2月至12月板坯角部裂纹率为零,解决了板坯角部横裂纹和纵裂纹问题。     

连铸板坯角部横裂纹产生原因及预防措施

国内某厂板坯连铸机在生产含Nb、V和Ti微合金化钢种过程中,板坯的角部出现了比较严重的表面横向裂纹,严重影响铸坯质量与生产顺行。在对板坯表面角部横裂纹产生机理进行分析,通过对钢水成分、结晶器振动、结晶器液面波动控制、恒拉速控制、对弧精度、二冷水强度和保护渣性能等方面的优化,使铸坯角裂发生率由5%降至0.5%以下。     

喷嘴喷淋距离对连铸小方坯二冷均匀性的影响

研究了不同喷淋距离下连铸小方坯二冷喷嘴的水量分布,建立了凝固传热模型分析了82B钢连铸坯的热行为。该模型特别考虑了二冷区铸坯表面宽度方向的水流密度分布,并根据铸坯表面测温结果进行了模型校正。采用凝固传热模型研究了喷嘴喷淋距离对连铸二冷均匀性的影响。结果表明:喷嘴喷淋距离的增加有助于提高二冷水横向分布的均匀性,导致铸坯表面温度横向均匀性降低、纵向均匀性提高。这些效果有助于改善铸坯内部裂纹,但是会对角部裂纹产生不利影响。在二冷区前段喷嘴采用低喷淋距离,二冷区末段采用高喷淋距离,既可以提高铸坯角部温度,又能降低表面最大回温速率,有助于同时改善连铸坯角部和内部裂纹。在此基础上,提出了一种连铸小方坯二冷喷嘴布置方式,即二冷区每段喷嘴喷淋距离沿拉坯方向逐渐增加,该方法有助于提高连铸坯“纵?横”冷却均匀性。      

舞钢生产连铸坯表面角部横裂纹的成因分析

针对舞钢1 900 mm板坯连铸机生产连铸坯角部经常出现的横裂纹,从连铸坯裂纹产生机理和影响因素角度进行分析,最终确定铸坯角部矫直温度过低以及边部存在凹陷是角部横裂纹产生的主要原因,对此提出了预防措施。通过结晶器锥度、一冷水、二冷水等工艺参数优化及设备改造,有效地控制了连铸坯角部横裂纹的产生。     

宝钢1930板坯铸机二冷喷嘴布置方式对铸坯质量的影响

在对宝钢1930铸机铸坯质量缺陷类型和形成位置分析的基础上，通过喷嘴性能测试和数值模拟计算，重点研究了1930铸机六、七冷却区喷嘴布置方式对铸坯的冷却均匀性和铸坯质量的影响，从解决铸坯角部横裂纹和内部三角区裂纹角度出发，提出了宝钢1930铸机二冷系统进一步改造方案。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.