Cyclic axial response and energy dissipation of cold-formed steel framing members

This paper summarizes results from an experimental program that investigated the cyclic axial behavior and energy dissipation of cold-formed steel C—sections structural framing members. Fully characterized cyclic axial load–deformation response of individual members is necessary to facilitate performance-based design of cold-formed steel building systems. Specimen cross-section dimensions and lengths were selected to isolate specific buckling modes (i.e., local, distortional or global buckling). The cyclic loading protocol was adapted from FEMA 461 with target displacements based on elastic buckling properties. Cyclic response showed large post-buckling deformations, pinching, strength and stiffness degradation. Damage accumulated within one half-wave after buckling. The total hysteretic energy dissipated within the damaged half-wave decreased with increasing cross-section slenderness. More energy dissipation comes at the cost of less cumulative axial deformation before tensile rupture.     

钢框架梁柱节点焊缝损伤性能研究Ⅰ：试验研究

选取20个钢框架全焊接梁柱节点局部试件进行单向拉伸和拉压循环试验,记录了试件的破坏模态和应力 应变曲线,分析了材料强度、加载方式、板件厚度、宽度等参数对节点局部焊缝性能的影响,研究了焊缝开裂对节点损伤的影响。试验表明,循环加载会显著削弱焊接试件承载能力和变形能力,导致焊缝的开裂和破坏;焊缝在循环荷载作用下,受压的塑性发展会削弱焊缝延性;焊缝开裂和板件屈曲是节点损伤的两大主要因素,焊缝中裂纹发展导致节点承载力下降和刚度损伤;板件屈服后的局部屈曲对节点的损伤有待进一步研究。     

异形钢管短柱轴压力学性能研究

利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立等截面周长的三角形、扇形、D形、1/4圆形、1/2圆形5种异形截面钢管短柱轴压力学性能分析的有限元计算模型,有限元计算与试验所得的荷载-应变全过程曲线及短柱破坏形态吻合较好。在此基础上对其受力全过程中钢管的应力与塑性应变的分布进行分析,并对截面形式、钢管壁厚、钢管屈服强度等几种影响异形钢管承载力和变形的因素进行比较。结果表明:异形钢管短柱在1/2柱高处发生局部屈曲破坏,截面形式、钢管壁厚、钢管屈服强度等参数对其力学性能影响显著。     

圆弧钢拱破坏荷载的理论计算

拱结构经常在桥梁、屋顶等大跨结构中使用。尽管这些结构构件容易出现各种失稳现象,但其中短粗拱或细长拱的侧向水平连接失效是由塑性破坏而非平面内或平面外屈曲引起的。通过极限荷载方法分析塑性破坏荷载,以最大限度地发挥截面的塑性能力和出现塑性铰后的内力重分布能力。描述了竖向荷载下圆弧钢拱塑性破坏荷载的计算方法。使用塑性力学中的上限法、下限法和位移协调法来计算塑性破坏荷载,压力致使拱截面的容许塑性力矩减小。确定外荷载与容许塑性力矩之间的非线性关系后,使用迭代法得到塑性破坏荷载。利用有限元方法对分析结果进行检验,二者的分析结果相吻合。最后基于迭代法绘制设计图。     

热处理方钢管短柱超低周疲劳性能试验研究

强震下钢结构构件会发生局部或整体屈曲，造成构件局部塑性应变集中，导致构件在反复荷载作用下最终发生断裂，因此有必要开展大塑性应变循环加载下局部屈曲和后续延性断裂的耦合破坏机理研究。通过热处理冷弯方钢管短柱的超低周疲劳试验，对上述破坏机理进行了研究。试验考察了宽厚比和加载历史对于方钢管短柱屈曲后断裂模式及抗震性能的影响，并给出了累积延性评估方法。试验结果显示：所有试件受压时承载力的下降皆由局部屈曲导致，而受拉侧承载力的退化则由延性断裂造成；构件的累积塑性耗能可分解为各向同性强化耗能和随动强化耗能，且两者受拉时对应值呈线性关系。     

Resistance of stainless steel CHS columns based on cross-section deformation capacity

A conceptually new structural design approach has recently been proposed by the authors to predict the resistance of stainless steel members subjected to various types of loading with cross-sections formed from thin flat plates including angles, channels, lipped channels, I-sections and rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The proposed method does not follow the traditional cross-section classification approach, which primarily relies on the assumption of a bilinear, elastic-perfectly-plastic material model. Instead, deformation capacity of a cross-section is determined directly from the local buckling characteristics of the constituent plate elements. This is then used to obtain the corresponding local buckling stress utilising an appropriate material model. This basic concept is extended herein to predict compression resistance of stainless steel columns with circular hollow sections (CHS). Available test and finite element (FE) results have been used to develop the basic design equation to predict the compression resistance of cross-sections and to propose column curves to determine flexural buckling resistances. The predicted resistances have been compared to those obtained using the current Eurocode; the predictions are significantly more accurate and more consistent than those given by the existing Eurocode.     

T形管节点落锤动态抗冲击性能试验研究

采用落锤冲击试验机进行了4个T形管节点的抗冲击性能试验研究。通过试验获得了冲击能量E、主管长径比（α=L/D）和主管直径D等参数对管节点破坏模态和变形模式的影响规律,分析了管节点在冲击力作用下整体和局部变形特性,以及冲击力、位移、应变时程曲线与冲击力 变形关系曲线。试验结果表明：主管长径比一定时,冲击能量的大小影响支管受撞T形管节点的破坏模态;破坏模态主要为主管上表面局部屈曲和主管上表面局部屈曲伴随主管整体弯曲变形两种形式;主管上表面局部屈曲产生的塑性变形区域受冲击力的影响不大,但其屈曲凹陷深度随着冲击能量的增大而增大;局部屈曲耗散了大部分冲击能量。基于能量的塑性铰线理论,提出了等效冲击承载力简化评估方法。     

循环荷载作用下花岗岩疲劳力学性质及其本构模型

 循环荷载作用下岩石力学性质研究对完善岩石力学基本理论和指导相关工程建设具有重要意义。通过花岗岩三轴循环荷载试验,系统研究花岗岩疲劳力学特性,提出花岗岩疲劳力学模型。研究结果表明：(1) 岩石残余应变和变形模量与循环次数之间关系与岩石体积变形状态相关;(2) 在应力–应变全空间内,花岗岩疲劳性质分为3个区域,不同区域内微观机制不同;(3) 岩石疲劳破坏门槛值应为剪缩和剪胀区域分界点对应的峰值偏应力;(4) 循环荷载作用下岩石疲劳势有别于单调加载时塑性势,循环荷载作用下岩石表现出比单调加载时更强的抵抗体积变形能力;(5) 提出基于内变量理论的岩石疲劳本构模型,试验数据与模拟预测对比显示模型较好地反映出岩石疲劳力学性质。     

中性盐雾环境锈蚀H型钢柱抗震性能试验研究

通过7根锈蚀H型钢柱的低周往复荷载试验,研究锈蚀对H型钢柱破坏形态、承载力、变形、延性、耗能等方面的影响。结果表明: 锈蚀钢柱的翼缘和腹板变形范围及屈曲中心高度呈减小趋势,部分钢柱屈曲中心高度降低了约30%;随着质量损失率增加,滞回环梭型饱满程度越低,所包围的面积越来越小;钢柱的承载力下降明显;钢柱位移延性系数及累积滞回耗能不断减小,并基于试验数据建立了锈蚀H型钢柱位移延性系数的退化模型及累积滞回耗能与循环次数的关系。锈蚀导致钢柱截面面积减小,同时点蚀的存在引起应力集中,减弱了其塑性变形能力。反复荷载作用下,钢柱塑性变形累积,局部屈曲导致承载力下降,抗震性能降低。     

考虑局部屈曲影响的H形钢构件在双向压弯作用下的滞回性能研究

由于地震作用是多维的,结构构件在地震作用下将会受到双向弯矩作用,而构件在一个主轴方向的屈服或屈曲会给构件在另一主轴方向的各项性能带来退化。针对H形截面钢构件,设计了一种由万向铰与三个跟动装置组成的三维加载系统,对11个不同宽厚比、轴压比和加载方向组配下的大宽厚比H形截面钢构件进行了双向压弯的滞回试验研究,考察了其破坏模态、滞回曲线及耗能能力等滞回性能。采用ABAQUS软件建立了有限元模型,采用试验结果进行了校核。最后基于试验和有限元分析结果,分析了扭转效应对试件的影响特性。研究结果表明,板件的局部屈曲和塑性变形的相关作用是影响试件滞回响应的重要因素,而影响效果主要取决于板材宽厚比、轴压比和加载方向的耦合作用;扭转效应对所设计的试件影响较小。     

Experimental study on slender buckling-restrained knee braces with round steel bar cores

This study aimed to investigate a novel slender buckling-restrained knee brace damper (BRKB) for welded and weld-free steel framing systems. The proposed BRKB adopts steel bar cores connected by a central coupler and restrained by tube buckling restrainers with a cover tube supporter. The advantages of the proposed damper include easy assembly compared to conventional buckling restrained braces, and high architectural flexibility for the retrofitting of large-span weld-free or welded steel moment-resisting systems. Specifically, by increasing the number of contraction allowances, undesirable failure mechanisms that are global instability and local buckling of the restrainer ends can be effectively suppressed because the more uniform plastic deformation of the core bar can be achieved longitudinally. In this study, displacement-controlled compression and cyclic loading tests were carried out to investigate the deformation capacities of the proposed BRKBs. Structural performance metrics associated with both loading tests, such as strength capacities, strains at the cover tubes and buckling restrainers, and hysteretic behaviors of the proposed damper under cyclic loads, were measured and discussed. Test results revealed that the geometrical characteristics of the cover tubes and adopted contraction allowances at the dampers play essential roles in their load-bearing capacities.     

Local buckling restraint condition for core plates in buckling restrained braces

Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) are commonly used as bracing elements in seismic zones. A key limit state governing BRB design is to prevent flexural buckling. However, when the wall thickness of the steel tube restrainer is relatively small compared to the cross-section of the core plate, the restraint conditions against the local buckling of the core plate can be critical for the stability and strength of the BRB. In this study, cyclic loading tests and numerical analyses of BRBs were carried out using various tube restrainer configurations to investigate the influence of local buckling of the restrainer on BRB strength and ductility.     

In-plane stability and shear deformation analysis of the H-beam hollow arch

H-shaped circular arc is a relatively novel type of open-web steel arch, and currently, no reports have been published concerning its in-plane stability. In this paper, the elastic and elastic–plastic in-plane stability of the H-shaped hollow circular arch is studied by theoretical deduction combined with numerical simulation. First, the overall shear rigidity of the H-shaped circular arch is calculated, and the elastic buckling load formula of the arch is proposed and verified considering double shear deformation under full-span radial and uniform loading. The overall elastic buckling load deduced in this paper is reasonable according to the finite element analysis. The results indicate that the influence of shear deformation on the overall elastic buckling load of the arch decreases with the increase of the span length. The arch-bearing capacity is the largest when the rise-span ratio is 0.25. Second, the restriction conditions necessary for avoiding local buckling of the chordal web before integral buckling of the H-shaped steel hollow circular arch are analyzed. Finally, the elastic–plastic failure mechanism of the H-shaped arch under full-span radial and uniform loading is examined, and the formula for determining the ultimate bearing capacity that is achievable before failure under full-span radial and uniform loading is proposed. ANSYS analysis shows that under the radial uniform loading, the chordal bars will yield near 1/4L and 3/4L, and ultimately, the structural failure of the lower chord occurs in the vicinity of 1/4L. The formulas presented in this paper agree well with the results obtained from the finite element analysis and can be used as a reference for engineering applications.     

脱层材料与槽接式挫屈束制支撑的性能研究

挫屈束制支撑耐震性能优劣与否与脱层材料性能有密切关系,首先提出了一种估算脱层不完全因子的方法,利用4组分别使用不同脱层材料的挫屈束制支撑进行构件试验;研究结果表明以黏性橡胶作为脱层材料具有可靠性、经济性与优良的施工性。特别介绍了地震工程研究中心近期所研发的槽接式挫屈束制支撑,并通过3组实尺寸构件试验验证了其耐震性能;测试构件包含一组长度为12.5m,最大抗压强度超过16800kN,核心消能段应变量达3.5%的构件。试验结果表明,新研发的槽接式挫屈束制支撑经济效益极高,迟滞消能行为良好稳定,具有优良的耐震性能,各组试体于试验停止前所累积的总非线性变形量皆超过400倍斜撑屈曲位移量;研究亦显示,非线性结构分析软件PISA3D可准确预测其受力与变形反应。     

考虑屈曲效应的混凝土柱纵筋低周疲劳性能和变形能力研究

屈曲导致的局部塑性应变集中将使钢筋损伤加重,并提前断裂.传统低周疲劳损伤模型(如Coffin-Manson模型,简称C-M模型)中未考虑屈曲效应的影响,这将高估屈曲钢筋的低周疲劳寿命.为研究屈曲对钢筋疲劳寿命的影响,完成了30个原状钢筋试件考虑屈曲的循环加载试验,得到了钢筋断裂时的极限塑性平均应变的测量结果,分析了局部...     

Postbuckling analysis of cylindrical shells under combined external liquid pressure and axial compression

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a circular cylindrical shell of finite length which is subjected to combined loading of external liquid pressure and axial compression. The formulations are based on a boundary layer theory which includes effects of the nonlinear prebuckling deformation, the nonlinear large deflection in the postbuckling range and the initial geometrical imperfection of shells. The analysis uses a singular perturbation technique to determine interactive buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples are presented that relate to the performances of perfect and imperfect cylindrical shells. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form.     

防屈曲支撑对芯板局部屈曲的约束条件

防屈曲支撑广泛应用于地震区的支撑构件中,该支撑设计中较为关键的极限状态控制是预防其弯曲屈曲。然而,当钢管的壁厚相对于芯板的横截面尺寸小到一定程度时,芯板局部屈曲的约束条件相对于防屈曲支撑的稳定和强度便显得非常关键了。利用了具有各种不同形状的管状约束对防屈曲支撑进行了往复加载试验和数值分析,以研究这种约束的局部屈曲对防屈曲支撑强度和延性的影响。     

Buckling of circular cylindrical shells partially subjected to external liquid pressure

Theoretical analyses are presented for the buckling of circular cylindrical shells partially subjected to external liquid pressure. The shells are assumed to stand vertically with the lower end clamped, and the upper end clamped or free. In the analyses, the Donnell equations are used for the basic equation, and prebuckling deformation as well as the membrane state of stress of the shell are taken into account. The Galerkin method is used, and the critical pressures at various liquid heights as well as the wave numbers, are obtained for a wide range of the geometrical parameters of the shell Z. A convenient chart which indicates the buckling liquid height for a given shell and liquid are presented. Experimental studies are also conducted by using test cylinders made of polyester film, and water. The theoretical and experimental results for the buckling liquid height, are in excellent agreement.     

Seismically induced cyclic buckling of steel columns including residual-stress and strain-rate effects

Compression buckling tests were performed on four full-scale W-shaped column specimens to investigate the buckling response of columns in multi-storey braced steel frame structures subjected to seismic strong ground motions. The test protocols included monotonically and cyclically applied concentric and eccentric axial loading. One test was conducted under dynamic cyclic loading. End moments were applied on one cyclic test. The columns were W310×129 compact (class 1) sections made with ASTM A992 steel. Weak axis buckling was studied and the column had an effective slenderness ratio of 48. The response of the test columns was also examined using numerical simulations based on fibre discretization of the member cross-section. Column residual stresses and strain rate effects on the material properties were both characterized and accounted for in the numerical models. The study showed that steel columns can sustain several cycles of inelastic buckling under seismic induced loading while maintaining sufficient compressive resistance to support the applied gravity loads. Residual stresses affected the column response only at the first buckling occurrence with a gradual reduction of the columns’ tangent stiffness prior to buckling as well as a reduction of the column’s compressive resistance. High strain rates anticipated during strong earthquakes increased the column buckling and post-buckling strengths. The cyclic buckling response of steel columns can be predicted adequately when using nonlinear beam-column elements and cross-section fibre discretization provided that residual stresses and strain rate effects are included in the modelling.     

Q460C高强度结构钢焊接H形和箱形截面柱低周反复加载试验研究

为充分了解高强度结构钢构件的抗震性能,采用Q460C高强度结构钢焊接制作H形和箱形截面柱试件各4个,进行固定轴压比为0.3的低周反复加载试验。试验测得了Q460C高强度结构钢H形和箱形截面柱的荷载 位移滞回曲线和弯矩 曲率滞回曲线。试验结果表明：宽厚比接近GB 50011-2010《建筑抗震设计规范》中“一级抗震”限值的试件试验破坏模式为板件局部屈曲,而宽厚比远小于“一级抗震”限值的试件在柱底部可形成具有充分转动能力的塑性铰;宽厚比小于“二级抗震”限值的Q460C焊接 H形截面柱和小于“一级抗震”的Q460C焊接箱形截面柱具有良好的耗能能力和抗震性能。在试验基础上提出了Q460C高强度结构钢焊接H形和箱形截面柱的弯矩 曲率滞回模型,为高强钢结构在地震作用下的弹塑性静力分析和时程分析提供参考。