季铵盐聚氧乙烯醚三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成与界面性能

以烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、环氧氯丙烷和氢氧化钠溶液为原料,采用两步法来合成烯丙基聚氧乙烯缩水甘油醚(APGE),然后在铂催化剂作用下,与1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)进行硅氢化加成反应制得聚氧乙烯基缩水甘油醚三硅氧烷(PGETS),最后将其与三甲胺盐酸盐进行开环反应合成出季铵盐聚氧乙烯醚三硅氧烷表面活性剂(QASPETSS)。用IR和1HNMR对目标产物的结构进行了表征,并通过测定该水溶液的平衡表面张力研究了其表面活性。结果表明,在临界胶束浓度为6.3×10-4mol/L时,可以将水的表面张力降至22.4 mN/m;饱和吸附量、饱和吸附层中每个QASPETSS分子所占的平均面积和形成胶束的标准自由能分别为3.6×10-6mol/m2、0.46 nm2和-28.2 kJ/mol。     

新型季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成及结构表征

以聚氧乙烯脂肪醇和环氧氯丙烷在相转移催化条件下反应,高收率得到聚氧乙烯脂肪醇缩水甘油醚,以此为原料和三甲胺盐酸盐反应定量得到Ｎ－［３－单（双）氧乙烯长链烷氧－２－羟］丙基－Ｎ,Ｎ,Ｎ－三甲基氯化铵,通过元素分析,红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了鉴定。     

松香聚氧乙烯酯非离子表面活性剂的毒性研究

采用毒性对比试验评价新型松香聚氧乙烯酯非离子表面活性剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性,实验结果显示:自制松香聚氧乙烯酯的毒性约为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯酯AEO-9和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚TX-10的1/10,表明其是一种低毒、安全的表面活性剂。     

一种新型阳-非两性双子表面活性剂的合成及评价

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和四甲基乙二胺为主要原料,经卤代、季铵化两步反应合成一种阳-非两性双子表面活性剂N,N'-乙撑双月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚二甲基氯化铵(DAEQ9-Cl)。卤代反应条件为:n(AEO-9)∶n(SOCl2)=1∶1.5,温度80℃,时间8 h,吡啶作为催化剂,产率为87%;季铵化反应条件为:n(中间体)∶n(四甲基乙二胺)=2∶1,温度80℃,时间3 d,产率为79%。产物结构通过红外光谱、1HNMR得到证实。DAEQ9-Cl的水溶液在25℃测定其CMC=3.2×10-2mmol/L,γCMC=33.44 mN/m。DAEQ9-Cl与AEO-9复配表现出良好的协调效应,在最佳n(DAEQ9-Cl)∶n(AEO-9)=4∶6下,体系的CMC=6.78×10-3mmol/L,γCMC=28.5 mN/m,具有较好的起泡性和稳泡性。     

苯基缩水甘油醚加成物及酯的合成研究

以C8-10醇和环氧乙烷为原料,反应合成了六聚氧乙烯醚,再与苯基缩水甘油醚形成加合物,苯基缩水甘油醚加成物与马来酸酐进行酯化反应形成产物苯基缩水甘油醚加成物马来酸单酯,并考察了反应条件。实验表明,在C8-10醇与环氧乙烷物质的量比为1∶6,压力为0.5MPa,反应温度150℃条件下反应,环氧乙烷结合率大于98%;六聚氧乙烯醚与苯基缩水甘油醚物质的量比为1∶1,催化剂三氟化硼乙基络合物为反应原料总物质的量的0.4%,温度50℃,反应时间45min,加合物收率达到91.6%;加合物与马来酸酐物质的量比1∶1,催化剂三正丁基胺为原料的1%(wt),反应时间4h,反应温度90℃,加合物马来酸单酯的收率达99%。     

溴化N—[3—长链烷氧（双）乙烯氧—2—羟]丙基—N,N,N—三甲基铵的合成及表？…

以脂肪醇和乙二醇或一缩二乙二醇为原料合成长链烷基（双）氧乙烯醇,收率为７５％。后在相转移催化条件下和环氧氯丙烷反应得到长链烷基氧乙烯缩水甘油醚,收率为９０％。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸盐的合成与性能研究

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-5)和3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为主要反应原料,合成了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠(AESO-5)。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料摩尔比对产率的影响,并对其理化性能进行了测试。结果表明:在3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠与醇醚钠摩尔比为1∶1.5,反应温度为84℃,反应时间为6 h的条件下,目的产物收率最高为62.97%。产物的表面张力和临界胶束浓度分别为31.06 m N/m和2.2×10-4mol/L。产物与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)相比,耐温抗盐性较好。     

氯化N-(3-长链烷氧-2-羟)丙基-N,N,N-三甲基铵的合成及性质

脂肪醇和环氧氯丙烷在相转移条件下反应得到长链烷基缩水甘油醚（收率97％），以此为原料和三甲胺盐酸盐反应得到氯化N－（3-长链烷氧-2-羟）丙基-N，N，N-三甲基铵（收率96％）．其结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析结果得以证实。本文还测定了所合成产品的表面张力和临界胶束浓度．     

水溶性氨基聚硅氧烷织物柔软剂的研究

以氨基分布均匀的反应性氨乙基氨丙基硅油和聚氧乙烯甲基缩水甘油醚为原料,通过开环反应,合成了可用于织物柔软整理的水溶性氨基聚硅氧烷,整理后的织物具有柔软的手感、较好的白度和吸水性。确定了最佳合成条件:聚氧乙烯甲基缩水甘油醚与反应性氨乙基氨丙基硅油摩尔比为7.2,w(异丙醇)=1(相对于聚氧乙烯甲基缩水甘油醚和氨基硅油的总质量),反应温度为80℃,反应时间为5h。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠的合成及性能

实验室以用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-3)为原料,和氢氧化钠反应得到醇醚钠中间体,再与2-氯乙基磺酸钠反应合成脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠(AESO-3)。实验重点优化了磺化反应条件:AEO-3为起始剂,磺化时间4h,反应温度85℃,最终产物收率可达71.5%。提纯后产物纯度达98.63%,采用IR光谱和质谱对产物结构进行了表征,并对其相关性能进行了测定。结果表明,AESO-3在25℃时临界胶束浓度为5.43×10-4 mol/L,相应的表面张力为30.26mN/m,表现出良好的表面活性;并具有优异的润湿性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。