基于小波变换和四叉树的图像分形编码算法研究

提出利用小波变换和分形编码的优势,进行图像压缩编码.最低分辨率子带进行失真较小的均匀量化编码.对高分辨率子带设定系数阈值,小波系数小于等于系数阈值则直接置零;大于系数阈值的块采用四叉树算法进行分形编码,如果误差小于等于误差阈值,则记录分形编码参数,如果误差大于误差阈值,则进行四叉树分裂.对算法进行了matlab仿真,实验表明解码图像质量和运算速度都有较大改善.     

IFS交互式参数控制算法研究与应用

迭代函数系统(IFS:Iterated Function System)是构造分形图的典型方法,本文论证IFS吸引子与参数间的依赖关系,探讨了通过参数控制算法对IFS分形图进行调整的方法,实现了直观的交互式IFS参数控制系统,有效地解决了IFS分形图构造的无方向性问题,使IFS分形图对自然景物的模拟更为简易和生动.     

一种基于神经网络分形模型的一维信号表示方法

本文提出了一种基于神经网络的分形模型,讨论了映射收缩条件,并对湖底回波进行了实验。实验结果表明,在此基础上求解分形逆问题,得到的吸引子能很好地逼近指定信号。     

一种基于神经网络分形模型的一维信号表示方法

本文提出了一种基于神经网络的分形模型，讨论了映射收缩条件，并对湖底回波进行了实验，实验结果表明，在此基础上求解分形逆问题，得到的吸引子能很好地逼近指定信号。     

提升小波变换与分形结合的图像压缩算法

遥感图像在环境监测、军事侦察等多方面有着广泛应用,然而遥感图像包含信息量大,对其进行压缩来提高存储效率具有重要意义.传统分形编码由于压缩比大的特点被广泛应用到遥感图像压缩中,但是传统分形编码存在压缩时间太长的问题.提出提升小波变换与改进分形结合的压缩方法,把提升小波变换后的低频分量进行基于最小方差搜索法的分形压缩.实验结果表明,提升小波变换与改进的分形结合的压缩方法与小波变换与分形结合的压缩方法相比,在峰值信噪比保持在35 dB不变的情况下,压缩时间大约可以缩短8倍,图像压缩比也有提高.     

基于仿射迭代方法的大基线图像匹配技术研究

两幅图像中相应特征点邻域窗口之间的单应映射可以用仿射变换模型来近似。本文首先通过奇异值分解给出仿射变换矩阵4个自由度的几何含义,然后将其分解为一个相似变换矩阵和一个旋转的准单位矩阵(Rotated Quasi-Identity Matrix)的乘积,即在基于相似变换模型匹配的基础上再用基于仿射变换模型的迭代算法对相应特征点精确定位。针对相似变换中初始旋转角度的难确定性,在初始匹配中提出基于亮度最速下降方向的对齐方法,而在引导匹配阶段提出基于相应极线方向的对齐方法,这两个策略不仅提高了算法效率,还能为进一步的仿射迭代提供良好的初值。在得到最优仿射变换参数之后,实现了对相应特征点定位误差的精确补偿及其邻域窗口的透视矫正。最后通过真实图像的实验以及和现有算法的比较验证了本文算法的可行性和精确性,并给出了相应的实验数据和结果。     

图像匹配中具有仿射不变性特征的定量分析

不同视点图像中相应特征点邻域窗口之间存在几何上的透视畸变,这可以用平面单应映射来表示,而目前大多特征匹配算法将该映射用仿射变换模型来近似,即用具有仿射不变性的特征进行图像的匹配。仿射变换的线性特点不仅能降低匹配算法的复杂度,还能保证迭代过程收敛的稳定性,然而并没有人对这一近似的可行性及合理性给出定量的讨论和分析。本文首先回顾各种几何层次上的特征点匹配策略,重点针对具有仿射不变性特征点的定位误差给出定量分析,通过椭圆曲线规范化方法推导出这一近似所造成定位误差的解析表达式,指出用仿射变换模型近似单应映射的合理性;然后用真实图像的实验结果验证了本文分析方法的正确性;最后给出相应的分析结果和结论。     

线性系统理论在分析分形-小波变换编码误差中的应用

本文利用线性系统理论对Davis所采用的自子树量化(SQS)分形-小波变换图像编码算法进行了深入分析,并发现SQS变换的吸引子与动力系统的稳定状态具有一致性.因此编码过程实际上就是对动力系统的参数进行编码.通过这种分析使我们了解到了尺度函数系数的量化误差是怎样影响解码图像的,从而可以更有效地控制解码误差,并且由此还可以更深刻地认识SQS算法中直接存储尺度函数系数方案给编、解码带来的巨大好处.     

基于相对梯度的自适应图像分形压缩并行算法

介绍了基于IFS(Iterated Function System)的图像分形压缩技术的基本理论,利用原图像及其相对梯度图自相似的特点,采用自适应四叉树分割方法,提出了基于相对梯度的自适应图像分形压缩并行算法。算法复杂性分析表明该方法提高了图像分形的压缩比,计算量少,效率较高。     

基于图像内在特征的图像自动拼接方法

针对传统图像拼接方法需要人工干预的不足,提出了基于图像内在特征的图像自动拼接方法.本方法应用由粗到精的技术实现图像之间像素精度的拼接.图像粗配准阶段采用仿射变换模型,利用Fourier-Mellin变换的频域分析技术同图像多分辨率技术相结合的方法求取仿射变换模型下的粗配准参数.图像的精配准阶段采用投影变换模型,将粗配准参数作为图像投影变换模型下的初始值,相邻图像中重叠区域的灰度差平方和作为误差指标函数,利用Levenberg-Marquardt方法进行图像投影模型参数估计的优化,得到全局意义条件下的精确变换参数.最后,将此方法应用于实际拍摄的可见光和红外图像序列进行试验分析,验证了本方法的有效性.     

一种基于分形模型的新特征及其在自动目标识别中的应用

基于分形模型的自相似性，提出一种识别自然背景中人造目标图像特征的新方法．解释了该特征的含义，给出了计算方法，并利用实验数据将其与分维数特征和分形模型拟合误差特征进行了对比，说明了该特征在识别自然背景中人造目标时的优越性；还以实际红外图像的处理结果显示该特征在实际中应用的效果．     

基于分形模型的人造目标检测技术

介绍一种在红外和可见光图像中，自动检测自然背景中人造目标的方法．该方法以分形结构做为自然背景的数学模型，利用自然背景和人造目标在分形模型上的固有差异检测人造目标．本文还介绍了自适应分形特征的增强及图像检测方法；并以实际图像的处理结果，说明人造目标检测方法的效果．     

低对比度前视红外坦克目标图像检测方法研究

将分形几何学用于低对比度前视红外图像的分割，分析研究了自然场景与人造物体的分形特性随尺度的不同变化，提出并构造一种新的多尺度分形特征矢量，通过Ｋ－均值算法在特征空间中对其进行类聚，从而实现了低对比度前视红外坦克目标图像的准确分割。     

自然背景中人造目标的自适应检测

本文介绍了一种在可见光和红外图像中，自动检测自然背景中人造目标的方法。该方法以分形结构做为自然背景的数学模型，利用自然背景和人造目标在分形特征上的固有相对差异检测人造目标，本文还介绍了自适应分形特征增强和组合图像检测方法，并以对实际图像的处理的结果，说明本文介绍的人造目标检测方法的效果。     

Foreground text segmentation in complex color document images using Gabor filters

Extraction of foreground contents in complex background document images is very difficult as background texture, color and foreground font, size, color, tilt are not known in advance. In this work, we propose a RGB color model for the input of complex color document images. An algorithm to detect the text regions using Gabor filters followed by extraction of text using color feature luminance is developed too. The proposed approach consists of three stages. Based on the Gabor features, the candidate image segments containing text are detected in stage-1. Because of complex background, certain amount of high frequency non-text objects in the background are also detected as text objects in stage-1. In stage-2, certain amount of false text objects is dropped by performing the connected component analysis. In stage-3, the image segments containing textual information, which are obtained from the previous stage are binarized to extract the foreground text. The color feature luminance is extracted from the input color document image. The threshold value is derived automatically using this color feature. The proposed approach handles both printed and handwritten color document images with foreground text in any color, font, size and orientation. For experimental evaluations, we have considered a variety of document images having non-uniform/uniform textured and multicolored background. Performance of segmentation of foreground text is evaluated on a commercially available OCR. Evaluation results show better recognition accuracy of foreground characters in the processed document images against unprocessed document images.     

Comparative performance analysis of adaptive multispectraldetectors

The fully adaptive hypothesis testing algorithm developed by I.S. Reed and X. Yu (1990) for detecting low-contrast objects of unknown spectral features in a nonstationary background is extended to the case in which the relative spectral signatures of objects can be specified in advance. The resulting background-adaptive algorithm is analyzed and shown to achieve robust spectral feature discrimination with a constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) performance. A comparative performance analysis of the two algorithms establishes some important theoretical properties of adaptive spectral detectors and leads to practical guidelines for applying the algorithms to multispectral sensor data. The adaptive detection of man-made artifacts in a natural background is demonstrated by processing multiband infrared imagery collected by the Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) instrument     

利用热红外偏振成像技术识别伪装目标

介绍了热红外偏振测量的原理,采用利用偏振信息在红外图像中识别伪装遮障的方法研制了一台热红外偏振成像仪,编写了偏振信息分析软件。利用该系统对地物背景（土壤）中的不同种类金属目标板及红外伪装遮障进行了热红外偏振成像探测实验。结果表明：在利用热红外偏振探测系统获得的Stokes矢量图中, 地物背景、金属目标板及红外伪装遮障的热红外偏振特性各不相同,并且和其红外辐射强度无关,相对红外强度探测更容易从地物背景中识别出金属目标板及红外伪装遮障。     

Inverse and approximation problem for two-dimensional fractal sets

The geometry of fractals is rich enough that they have extensively been used to model natural phenomena and images. Iterated function systems (IFS) theory provides a convenient way to describe and classify deterministic fractals in the form of a recursive definition. As a result, it is conceivable to develop image representation schemes based on the IFS parameters that correspond to a given fractal image. In this paper, we consider two distinct problems: an inverse problem and an approximation problem. The inverse problem involves finding the IFS parameters of a signal that is exactly generated via an IFS. We make use of the wavelet transform and of the image moments to solve the inverse problem. The approximation problem involves finding a fractal IFS-generated image whose moments match, either exactly or in a mean squared error sense, a range of moments of the original image. The approximating measures are generated by an IFS model of a special form and provide a general basis for the approximation of arbitrary images. Experimental results verifying our approach will be presented.     

Saliency detection for panoramic landscape images of outdoor scenes

Saliency detection has been researched for conventional images with standard aspect ratios, however, it is a challenging problem for panoramic images with wide fields of view. In this paper, we propose a saliency detection algorithm for panoramic landscape images of outdoor scenes. We observe that a typical panoramic image includes several homogeneous background regions yielding horizontally elongated distributions, as well as multiple foreground objects with arbitrary locations. We first estimate the background of panoramic images by selecting homogeneous superpixels using geodesic similarity and analyzing their spatial distributions. Then we iteratively refine an initial saliency map derived from background estimation by computing the feature contrast only within local surrounding area whose range and shape are changed adaptively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm detects multiple salient objects faithfully while suppressing the background successfully, and it yields a significantly better performance of panorama saliency detection compared with the recent state-of-the-art techniques.     

Image segmentation using association rule features

A new type of texture feature based on association rules is described. Association rules have been used in applications such as market basket analysis to capture relationships present among items in large data sets. It is shown that association rules can be adapted to capture frequently occurring local structures in images. The frequency of occurrence of these structures can be used to characterize texture. Methods for segmentation of textured images based on association rule features are described. Simulation results using images consisting of man made and natural textures show that association rule features perform well compared to other widely used texture features. Association rule features are used to detect cumulus cloud fields in GOES satellite images and are found to achieve higher accuracy than other statistical texture features for this problem.