货位分配优化研究综述

合理的货位分配可以有效降低企业仓储成本,提升仓储系统拣选和配送效率,进而提高企业运作的整体效率。为了深入分析国内外学者对货位分配优化研究的现状和趋势,对近年来国内外相关文献进行分析总结。归纳出了货位分配优化目标,介绍了各优化目标的模型建立和适用对象;分析了货位分配优化常用的算法,并对相关算法进行对比分析;探讨了货位分配优化研究的趋势,为进一步深入研究货位分配优化提供了参考。     

智能化立体仓库入库货位分配的综合优化算法

智能化立体仓库对现代企业提高仓储利用率和生产效率具有重要作用。介绍了秦皇岛港务集团公司立体仓库管理系统中仓库货位计算机分配的智能化算法,该算法充分考虑了重量均匀分布、就近货位选择、备件品种均匀分布、备件使用率、货位空置时间等因素,根据整个仓库的当前状态计算入库货位,为入库货位的选择提供辅助决策。实际项目运行表明,所提的综合货位优化分配算法是有效的,对提高仓库的安全性、入库工作效率等具有非常重要的意义.     

制造物联环境下智能仓库货位分配模型

仓库货位合理规划与分配是减少产品存取时间、提高仓库作业效率的关键。在构建基于制造物联技术的智能仓库环境下,针对多品种智能仓库的货位分配问题,建立了考虑多规则约束的多目标智能仓库货位分配模型,提出一种模型求解的改进遗传算法。实验表明：模型和算法能找到有效的仓库货位分配方案,验证了其有效性。     

基于机器视觉的多巷道自动化立体仓库货位透明化分配方法

针对立体仓库内有效货位,设计透明化分配方案时主要通过人眼识别的方式掌握货位状态,使得最终分配方案的出库效率较低。因此,引入机器视觉技术,设计了一种新的仓库货位透明化分配方法。运用ABC分类法,对多巷道自动化立体仓库内所有货位进行分区。通过工业相机采集仓库内货架图像,通过机器视觉技术对采集图像进行识别,全面掌握仓库内处于空闲状态的货位位置。以最高出库效率为目标,建立货位透明化分配数学模型,再通过决策树搜索算法,生成最优货位分配方案。实验结果显示：应用所提方法进行货位分配,与基于粒子群算法、基于商品关联度的分配方法相比,使得出库效率提升了24.53%、23.92%。     

基于改进粒子群算法的立体仓库货位分配优化

研究自动化立体仓库固定货架的货位分配问题,货位分配综合考虑了货架的稳定性和出入库效率,建立了货位优化的数学模型,提出了基于Pareto最优解的改进粒子群算法（PSO）来解决此问题的方法。在优化过程中引用了置换的概念来计算粒子的速度,并且在算法中采用小生境技术提高非劣解集的分散性,用存档群体保存了非劣解。仿真实验证明,此优化策略可以有效地解决自动化立体仓库的货位分配问题。     

响应动态约束条件的多目标货位优化算法研究

针对自动化立库货位决策与优化问题,考虑到优化目标多样、托盘使用状态及可分配货位动态变化等因素,提出了一种响应动态约束条件的多目标货位优化算法。以巷道作业均衡、货架重心稳定及作业路径最短建立多目标优化模型,基于变异系数自适应差分进化算法,使用货位随机数编码,根据实时货位可行域进行个体解码,以响应动态货位约束条件。提出了基于层次分析的Pareto解评价方法,从而获得多批作业货位持续优化的目标权重,为仓储货位决策提供合理方案。多批作业算法实验结果表明:所提算法效果显著优于多目标简单加权算法,能够有效应用于动态货位决策与优化。     

数字化仓储中货位优化分配的研究

货位分配数字化仓储的关键环节,合理的货位分配能够大大地提高出入库效率,降低仓储系统成本。传统的仓库管理系统根据基于经验的固定货物出入库频率设计货位分配策略,而企业的发展和市场的变化导致货物出库频率是一个动态变化的过程。市场的变化导致传统仓库管理系统的货位分配方案无法满足要求的现实情况,提出把RFID技术运用到数字化仓库结合相关算法中对产品入库货位进行动态优化来提高仓库的周转效率。     

基于精英多策略的货位分配优化方法

针对智能立体仓库货位分配问题,提出一种基于精英多策略的货位分配优化方法。首先,考虑货物重量、出入库频率和出入库时间等因素,以货架重心低、出入库频率高、货物离出入库口近等为原则建立货位分配优化模型;然后,提出一种精英多策略差分进化算法,通过提取部分精英个体的信息指导变异,并根据精英个体的拥挤度变化对不同的阶段使用不同的策略,从而产生高质量的解,同时加快算法的收敛速度;最后,通过10个经典测试函数验证了所提算法的有效性,并基于该方法对某智能制造企业的成品库进行了优化,得到了满意的货位分配方案。     

基于嵌套分区算法的立体仓库货位分配优化

根据小型立体化仓库运营特点,基于顺序单目标优化思想,提出一种新的仓库货位分配策略。将考虑存储能耗、货架稳定性、运行效率的多目标仓库货位优化问题,转化为单目标优化,建立了仓库货位优化数学模型。根据数学模型特点,采用嵌套分区算法进行优化求解。通过算例分析证明该分配策略与优化方法,可有效处理多目标仓库库位优化问题,优化效果显著。     

自动化仓储系统不规则货位优化问题研究

针对不规则货位的自动化仓储系统的特点,以提高系统效率和空间利用率为优化控制目标,研究了自动化仓储系统不规则货位优化分配策略,提出了首先对不规则的货位进行货位区优化,对每个货位区进行货位优化的数学模型,提出两级遗传算法解决货位优化问题。结果表明,该优化方法有效地提高了系统的效率,实现了密集存储,为自动化仓储系统中不规则货位的货位分配优化提供了理论依据和实践途径。     

Multi-objective optimization of electronic product goods location assignment in stereoscopic warehouse based on adaptive genetic algorithm

Storage is an important part of commodity circulation. A certain amount of material must be stored to meet the needs of social production and consumption within a certain time to maintain the smooth process of social reproduction. This study focuses on warehousing optimization and goods location assignment when electronic products are stored in a stereoscopic storehouse. Moreover, this study is based on a theoretical study on genetic algorithm. On the basis of the background of the current warehouse management and cargo distribution of LCM module products warehouse belonging to W company, this study uses the dynamic goods location assignment strategy of stochastic inventory, and builds a multi-objective goods location assignment model of a stereoscopic warehouse. To simplify the calculations and improve the efficiency, we conduct a Matlab simulation on the basis of practical data by adopting a modified genetic operator and converting multi-objective optimization by the changing weight coefficient. The adaptive genetic algorithm can be used to make a multi-objective goods location assignment model that efficiently converges to the optimal solution.     

自动化仓库货位分配优化问题研究

研究了自动化立体仓库固定货架的货位分配问题。分配货位时需要同时考虑货架稳定性和出入库操作的效率,将这一问题描述为一个组合多目标优化问题,采用遗传算法对这一问题进行了求解,对交叉算子进行了改进,得到的解可兼顾两个优化目标。仿真实验表明这一方法可较好地解决货位分配问题。     

一个关于求解k-种产品选址问题的近似算法

对于k-种产品工厂选址问题,有如下描述：存在一组客户和一组可以建立工厂的厂址。现在有k种不同的产品,要求每一个客户必须由k个不同的工厂来提供k种不同的产品,其中每个工厂都只能为客户提供唯一的一种产品。在该问题中,假定建厂费用以及任意两个结点之间的运输费用都为非负,并且任意两个结点之间的运输费用都满足对称和三角不等式关系的性质。问题的要求是要从若干厂址中选择一组厂址来建立工厂,给每个工厂指定一种需要生产的产品,并且给每一个客户提供一组指派使每个客户都能有k个工厂来为其供应这k种不同的产品。对于此类问题,优化目标是最小化建厂费用以及运输费用。论文在假设建厂费用为零的前提下,提出了求解该类问题的一种最坏性能比为3k/2-1的近似算法。     

遗传算法在立体仓库货位优化分配中的研究

存储一定数量货物的自动化仓库中,以基于随机存储策略的库区和货位分配以及堆垛机行驶时间为优化控制目标,针对自动化立体仓库的库区和货位的分配策略问题进行了讨论,提出立体仓库的库区优化数学模型。在库区优化基础上,进一步提出货位优化数学模型,将Pareto最优解的概念与遗传算法相结合,提出了一种解决多目标优化问题的Pareto遗传算法解决货位优化问题,给出了仿真实验及分析。结果表明采用遗传算法优化策略可以有效地解决自动化立体仓库的货位优化分配问题。     

The multi-facility location–allocation problem with polyhedral barriers

In this paper we consider the problem of locating N new facilities with respect to M existing facilities in the plane and in the presence of polyhedral barriers. We assume that a barrier is a region where neither facility location nor traveling is permitted. For the resulting multi-dimensional mixed-integer optimization problem two different alternate location and allocation procedures are developed. Numerical examples show the superiority of a joint treatment of all assignment variables, including those specifying the routes taken around the barrier polyhedra, over a separate iterative solution of the assignment problem and the single-facility location problems in the presence of barriers.     

A new approach on auxiliary vehicle assignment in capacitated location routing problem

The location routing problem (LRP) considers locating depots and vehicle routing decisions simultaneously. In classic LRP the number of customers in each route depends on the capacity of the vehicle. In this paper a capacitated LRP model with auxiliary vehicle assignment is presented in which the length of each route is not restricted by main vehicle capacity. Two kinds of vehicles are considered: main vehicles with higher capacity and fixed cost and auxiliary vehicles with lower capacity and fixed cost. The auxiliary vehicles can be added to the transportation system as an alternative strategy to cover the capacity limitations and they are just used to transfer goods from depots to vehicles and cannot serve the customers by themselves. To show the applicability of the proposed model, some numerical examples derived from the well-known instances are used. Moreover the model has been solved by some meta-heuristics for large sized instances. The results show the efficiency of the proposed model and the solution approach, considering the classic model and the exact solution approach, respectively.     

A heuristic procedure for the integrated facility layout design and flow assignment problem

We present an efficient iterative heuristic procedure for solving the integrated layout design and product flow assignment problem. The layout design decisions involve planar location of unequal-area machines with duplicates. The product flows are assigned to machines according to the product processing routes. The integrated decision problem is a nonlinear mixed integer model which cannot be efficiently solved using classical methods for large problems. We propose a novel integrated heuristic procedure based on the alternating heuristic, a perturbation algorithm and sequential location heuristic. Since the alternating heuristic between facility layout design and product-machine assignment sub-problems terminates with local optima, we developed a perturbation algorithm based on assignment decisions. The results of an experimental study show that proposed procedure is both efficient and effective in identifying quality solutions for small to very large-sized problems.     

基于遗传算法的军队立体仓库货位再分配研究

为提高军队自动化立体仓库出货速度和运行稳定性,提出了在堆垛机闲时对货位进行以分类存储L形分区为导向的再分配优化设计。根据用户需求,生成分类存储的L形分类存储目标货位分区信息,以堆垛机总运行时间最短和货架重心最低为目标,研究货品新的目标耦合货位并建立了相应数学模型,利用基于混合偏好的遗传算法对该多目标优化问题进行了求解。结果显示,该方法能较大提高自动化立体仓库某类货品在特定环境下的出库效率并降低货架重心。同时,该研究对一般意义的货位再分配也具有一定价值。