550MPa高强冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢受弯构件畸变屈曲试验研究

为了研究屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件的畸变屈曲性能,分别对直卷边、斜卷边和复杂卷边3种卷边形式的12组高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯试件进行了静力试验研究,其中纯弯试验6组,非纯弯试验6组。试验结果表明,卷边形式是影响试件发生畸变屈曲或局部和畸变相关屈曲的重要因素。相同卷边形式下,非纯弯试件的承载力均高于纯弯试件的承载力,且提高幅度与试件屈曲破坏模式有关,只发生畸变屈曲的试件承载力提高幅度最大,而在发生局部和畸变相关屈曲的试件中,由畸变屈曲引起破坏的试件承载力提高幅度次之,由局部屈曲引起破坏的试件承载力提高幅度最小。     

冷弯薄壁型钢构件畸变屈曲研究综述与分析

对冷弯薄壁型钢构件的畸变屈曲进行了较全面的综述,介绍了畸变屈曲的特点和性能,总结了国内外畸变屈曲的研究成果,最后对畸变屈曲尚待研究的问题进行了归纳和探讨。     

Coupled instabilities with distortional buckling in cold-formed steel lipped channel columns

The paper addresses the elastic post-buckling behaviours of cold-formed steel lipped channel simply supported columns affected by mode interaction phenomena involving distortional buckling, namely local/distortional, distortional/global (flexural-torsional) and local/distortional/global mode interaction. The results presented were obtained by means of Abaqus shell finite element analyses adopting column discretisations into fine 4-node element meshes. In order to enable a thorough assessment of all possible mode interaction effects, the column lengths and cross-section dimensions were carefully selected to ensure similar local, distortional and/or global buckling loads. One analyses otherwise identical (elastic) columns having initial geometrical imperfections (i) with various configurations (combinations of the competing critical buckling mode shapes) and (ii) sharing the same overall amplitude.     

Simulation of cold-formed steel beams in local and distortional buckling with applications to the direct strength method

A nonlinear finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate two series of flexural tests, previously conducted by the authors, on industry standard cold-formed steel C- and Z-section beams. The previous tests focused on laterally braced beams with compression flange details that lead predominately to local buckling failures, in the first test series, and distortional buckling failures, in the second test series. The objectives of this paper are to (i) validate the FE model developed for simulation of the testing, (ii) perform parametric studies outside the bounds of the original tests with a particular focus on variation in yield stress and influence of moment gradient on failures, and (iii) apply the study results to examine and extend the Direct Strength Method of design. The developed FE model shows good agreement with the test data in terms of ultimate bending strength. Extension of the tested sections to cover yield stresses from 228 to 506 MPa indicates that the Direct Strength Method is applicable over this full range of yield stresses. The FE model is also applied to analyze the effect of moment gradient on distortional buckling. It is found that the distortional buckling strength of beams is increased due to the presence of moment gradient. Further, it is proposed and verified that the moment gradient effect on distortional buckling failures can be conservatively accounted for in the Direct Strength Method by using an elastic buckling moment that accounts for the moment gradient. An empirical equation, appropriate for use in design, to predict the increase in the elastic distortional buckling moment due to moment gradient, is developed.     

A parametric study for distortional buckling stress on cold-formed steel using a neural network

The process of prediction of distortional buckling stress of cold-formed steel members is often cumbersome and it is also difficult to perform parametric studies in this field to investigate the effect of geometric parameters on Elastic Distortional Buckling Stress (EDBS). To overcome this difficulty a neural network based model and formulation which was presented in a companion paper by the author [Pala M. A new formulation for distortional buckling stress in cold formed steel members. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2006;62:716-22] is proposed as an alternative approach to investigate the effect of geometric parameters on distortional buckling stress. The model considers the effect of web height, flange width, angle of lip, lip length and flange thickness. The results of the Neural Network model are quite satisfactory and are consistent with the literature.     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲控制试验研究

针对屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢轴压构件提出了一种控制畸变屈曲的构造措施--在卷边间设缀板,并通过试验对其有效性进行了验证。试验结果表明：屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件易发生畸变屈曲,通过构造措施能有效地阻止翼缘的转动,试件的畸变屈曲荷载和极限承载力都有很大的提高;随着缀板布置间距的不同,构件承载力的提高幅度也不同;缀板间距越小,试件承载力提高越多,但当缀板间距大于畸变屈曲半波长时,缀板不能起到提高承载力的作用。最后,在此基础上提出了构件不考虑畸变屈曲影响的若干条件,供实际设计参考。     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压柱畸变屈曲试验研究

本文对550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能进行了试验研究,17根试件的试验结果表明:由于试件局部屈曲一般发生在畸变屈曲之前,促使畸变屈曲提前出现,这种相关作用减弱了构件整体刚度,降低了构件承载力;澳洲规范AS/NZS 4600:1996及北美规范NAS 2004中关于发生畸变屈曲构件承载力的计算方法没有考虑局部屈曲和畸变屈曲相关作用的不利影响。依据试验结果本文提出了一种修正直接强度法的建议计算方法,该法计算结果与试验结果较为接近且偏安全。     

Finite element modelling of cold-formed steel beams under local buckling or combined local/distortional buckling

The finite element (FE) method is capable of solving the complex interactive buckling of cold-formed steel beams allowing for all important governing features such as geometrical imperfections, material nonlinearity, postbuckling, etc.; this is unlikely to be achieved by analytical methods. In this paper, two series of finite element models for buckling behaviour of laterally-restrained cold-formed steel Z-section beams have been developed with special reference to material and geometrical nonlinearities: one to allow for the possibility of combined local/distortional buckling and the other to allow for local buckling only. Four-point bending tests carried out by previous researchers have been used to verify the FE models. A simplified configuration of the test setup has been modelled in ABAQUS. In the local buckling FE models, distortional buckling has been restricted in the member using translational springs applied to the lip/flange corner of the beam. Predictions of load carrying capacity and deformed shapes exhibit excellent agreement with both the results from the more extensive models and laboratory tests. Further papers will exploit the developed FE models to investigate the different forms of buckling that occur in laterally-restrained cold-formed steel beams i.e. local, distortional and combined local/distortional.     

腹板加劲冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢压弯构件畸变性能试验研究

为研究偏心荷载作用下拼合构件的畸变屈曲性能,并评估现行中美规范计算方法适用性,对22个腹板V形加劲及开孔的冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢柱进行受压性能试验,得到了不同柱长、不同开孔位置及个数、不同偏心距以及绕强轴和弱轴弯曲方向的拼合构件的破坏模式和承载力。试验结果表明：所有腹板V形加劲及开孔的冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢柱均发生了畸变屈曲或以畸变为主的相关屈曲,畸变半波的分布受孔洞和加劲的影响;绕强轴和绕弱轴偏心方向及偏心距大小对承载力有显著影响。基于现行中美规范计算方法对腹板V形加劲及开孔的冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢柱承载力进行研究,结果表明：计算绕强轴压弯承载力时,按GB 50018—2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》、JGJ/T 421—2018《冷弯薄壁型钢多层住宅技术标准》以及美国NAS100-16的承载力公式计算结果均偏于安全;计算绕弱轴压弯承载力时,试验结果与按GB 50018—2002和美国NAS100-16的承载力公式计算结果的比值平均值为1.16、1.15,偏于安全且较为合理,与按JGJ/T 421—2018的计算结果的比值平均值为1.66,较为保守,建议拼合构件的双肢可靠连接时,按拼合整体截...     

Experimental investigation on distortional performance of cold-formed steel built-up channel columns with web stiffeners under eccentric compression

为研究偏心荷载作用下拼合构件的畸变屈曲性能，并评估现行中美规范计算方法适用性，对22个腹板V形加劲及开孔的冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢柱进行受压性能试验，得到了不同柱长、不同开孔位置及个数、不同偏心距以及绕强轴和弱轴弯曲方向的拼合构件的破坏模式和承载力。试验结果表明：所有腹板V形加劲及开孔的冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢柱均发生了畸变屈曲或以畸变为主的相关屈曲，畸变半波的分布受孔洞和加劲的影响；绕强轴和绕弱轴偏心方向及偏心距大小对承载力有显著影响。基于现行中美规范计算方法对腹板V形加劲及开孔的冷弯薄壁拼合H形钢柱承载力进行研究，结果表明：计算绕强轴压弯承载力时，按GB 50018—2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》、JGJ/T 421—2018《冷弯薄壁型钢多层住宅技术标准》以及美国NAS100-16的承载力公式计算结果均偏于安全；计算绕弱轴压弯承载力时，试验结果与按GB 50018—2002和美国NAS100-16的承载力公式计算结果的比值平均值为1.16、1.15，偏于安全且较为合理，与按JGJ/T 421—2018的计算结果的比值平均值为1.66，较为保守，建议拼合构件的双肢可靠连接时，按拼合整体截面计算绕弱轴稳定承载力。     

Effective Width Method for determining distortional buckling strength of cold-formed steel flexural C and Z sections

This paper proposes a design method, based on the Effective Width Method, for determining the nominal distortional buckling strength of typical cold-formed steel C and Z sections subjected to bending. The method can be integrated into the classic effective width design provisions specified in AISI S100, and it allows the conventional design approach to cover more comprehensive limit states. The proposed method is calibrated by the flexural distortional buckling strength predicted by the Direct Strength Method. Comparison with experimental results indicates that the proposed method yields reasonable predictions for the flexural distortional buckling strength of industrial standard C and Z sections. The method offers the same level of accuracy and reliability as the Direct Strength Method.     

Buckling analysis of thin-walled cold-formed steel structural members using complex finite strip method

In this paper, a generalised complex finite strip method is proposed for buckling analysis of thin-walled cold-formed steel structures. The main advantage of this method over the ordinary finite strip method is that it can handle the shear effects due to the use of complex functions. In addition, distortional buckling as well as all other buckling modes of cold-formed steel sections like local and global modes can be investigated by the suggested complex finite strip method. A combination of general loading including bending, compression, shear and transverse compression forces is considered in the analytical model. For validation purposes, the results are compared with those obtained by the Generalized Beam Theory analysis. In order to illustrate the capabilities of complex finite strip method in modelling the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel structures, a number of case studies with different applications are presented. The studies are on both stiffened and unstiffened cold-formed steel members.     

冷弯薄壁复杂卷边槽钢受弯构件稳定性能分析

采用有限元软件ANSYS对3种加劲形式冷弯薄壁复杂卷边槽钢受弯构件的稳定性能进行了非线性分析,结果表明:加劲形式是影响构件屈曲模式和抗弯承载力的重要因素,构件在非纯弯状态下的抗弯承载力均大于纯弯状态下的抗弯承载力。     

受压翼缘无约束的冷弯薄壁钢梁的屈曲研究

对受压翼缘无约束的冷弯薄壁钢梁的屈曲性能进行了有限元分析,将有限元计算结果与不同国家的规范和直接强度法进行了对比分析,验证了有限元程序的有效性,并对现有设计方法进行了修正,修正后的公式可用于受压翼缘无约束的冷弯薄壁型钢的极限承载力的计算。     

Numerical method for predicting the elastic lateral distortional buckling moment of a mono-symmetric beam with web openings

When used as floor joists, the new mono-symmetric LiteSteel beam (LSB) sections require web openings to provide access for inspections and various services. The LSBs consist of two rectangular hollow flanges connected by a slender web, and are subjected to lateral distortional buckling effects in the intermediate span range. Their member capacity design formulae developed to date are based on their elastic lateral buckling moments, and only limited research has been undertaken to predict the elastic lateral buckling moments of LSBs with web openings. This paper addresses this research gap by reporting the development of web opening modelling techniques based on an equivalent reduced web thickness concept and a numerical method for predicting the elastic buckling moments of LSBs with circular web openings. The proposed numerical method was based on a formulation of the total potential energy of LSBs with circular web openings. The accuracy of the proposed method's use with the aforementioned modelling techniques was verified through comparison of its results with those of finite strip and finite element analyses of various LSBs.     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能研究

建立了考虑材料和几何双重非线性的550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能分析的有限元模型,并通过对两种厚度高强冷弯薄壁型钢轴压构件畸变屈曲试验已有结果的分析比较验证了其有效性;采用该模型进一步分析了厚度、长度、初始缺陷模式及幅值等参数对畸变屈曲轴压构件承载力的影响,并对轴压构件畸变屈曲发生机理进行了探讨。结果表明：厚度、长度和初始缺陷模式是影响畸变屈曲轴压构件承载力的主要因素,且卷边面内屈曲是槽形截面轴压构件发生畸变屈曲的主要原因。通过理论计算与试验结果的对比分析,表明可以采用建议方法计算此类复杂截面轴压构件的畸变屈曲承载力。     

Shear buckling of thin-walled channel sections

The elastic buckling stresses of channel sections with and without lips and subject to shear forces parallel with the web are determined, where computational modelling of the thin-walled steel sections is implemented by means of a spline finite strip analysis. Both unlipped and lipped channels are studied, where the main variables are flange width, different boundary conditions and shear flow distribution. The channel sections are also analysed at different lengths, to investigate the effect of length/width ratio on the critical shear buckling stresses. Comparisons between cases and with classical solutions are included in this paper.     

Application of direct strength method to axially loaded perforated cold-formed steel studs: Longwave buckling

A study to develop methods of analyzing perforated, axially loaded, cold-formed steel studs using the provisions of the Direct Strength Method [3] was undertaken using the Finite Strip Method as the method for determining the elastic buckling stresses. Several different models were developed to represent the effect of the web perforations. The capacities predicted using the Direct Strength Method for the limit state of longwave buckling were compared to capacities calculated using the equations contained in the AISI Specification [3]. The limit states of local and distortional buckling are considered in a companion paper [12]. The validity of the results is discussed and recommendations are made for the use of the Direct Strength Method for these members.     

Application of direct strength method to axially loaded perforated cold-formed steel studs: Distortional and local buckling

A study to develop methods of analyzing perforated, axially loaded, cold-formed steel studs using the provisions of the Direct Strength Method [American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members 2001 Edition with Supplement 2004 (AISI/COFS/NASPEC 2004) and Commentary (AISI/COFS/NASPEC 2004), Washington, DC; 2004] was undertaken using the Finite Strip Method as the method for determining the elastic buckling stresses. Several different models were developed to represent the effect of the web perforations. The capacities predicted using the Direct Strength Method for the limit states of distortional and local buckling were compared to capacities calculated using the equations contained in the AISI Specification [American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members 2001 Edition with Supplement 2004 (AISI/COFS/NASPEC 2004) and Commentary (AISI/COFS/NASPEC 2004), Washington, DC; 2004]. The limit state of longwave buckling is considered in a companion paper [Sputo T, Tovar J. Application of direct strength method to axially loaded perforated cold-formed steel studs: Part 1. Longwave buckling. Thin Walled Struct, submitted for publication]. The validity of the results is discussed and recommendations are made for the use of the Direct Strength Method for these members.     

高强冷弯型钢受弯构件截面局部屈曲临界应力

介绍了求解截面的局部屈曲临界应力的意义,探讨了求解截面的局部屈曲临界应力cσrl的方法,并对实验值与理论值进行了比较,最后提出了有待进一步研究的问题,从而为直接强度法的顺利使用提供了理论基础。