稠环芳烃裂化研究进展

稠环芳烃物种含有大量的芳烃资源,由于苯环间的共轭效应,难以将其直接转化。随着原油芳烃含量的逐年增高,在工业规模如何有效地处理稠环芳烃备受关注。对稠环芳烃的加氢裂化和催化裂化反应机理进行总结对比,并通过介绍裂化催化剂的研究进展为稠环芳烃的催化裂化拓展新思路。     

Environmental stress relaxation studies of polymers: Effect of benzene series hydrocarbons on polyethylene

The method of stress relaxation has been used to study stress decay behavior in the system of polyethylene—benzene series hydrocarbons. The behavior of stress decay in polyethylene under benzene series hydrocarbons was observed and the respective activity forward stress decay of benzene series hydrocarbons was obtained.     

富油加热器在粗苯生产中的应用

针对管式炉在粗苯工段富油加热系统中存在的安全性能差、易造成洗油变质等问题,改用以蒸汽为热源的富油加热器,提高了循环洗油质量,降低了吨苯洗油消耗量,并提高了粗苯产量,大大增加了粗苯生产的安全性。     

Selective Recovery of Components of Coke-Oven Gas in the Benzene Department of a Coke Plant

Benzene hydrocarbons are captured in a multicomponent system consisting of coke-oven gas and absorbing oil. On that basis, it is of interest to consider the possibility of selective impurity capture. The benzene department of the coke plant may be used for more complete removal of organosulfur compounds from coke-oven gas. The possibility of more selective recovery of benzene hydrocarbons in the presence of sulfur-bearing and unsaturated components is considered. That would permit optimization of the reagent consumption in sulfuric-acid washing during the rectification of raw benzene.     

影响粗苯产品质量的因素分析

从对粗苯中各组分的物理、化学性质的分析入手,得出粗苯中不饱和化合物环戊二烯的生成和聚合是影响产品初馏点的重要因素。在此基础上,从生产操作指标的实际考虑,提出了两次调整脱苯塔操作温度的措施方案。实践证明,这一措施是解决洗脱苯工序运行初期粗苯产品75℃前馏出量偏高的有效办法,为洗脱苯工序生产合格产品提供了经验。     

单塔连续精馏工艺在粗苯初馏过程的应用

介绍了单塔连续精馏的工艺流程、工艺原理,该工艺为华侨大学自主研究设计的专利技术,初馏塔使用的是波型塔板,粗苯加工能力为每年11000t～15000t。详细列出了开车步骤及操作要点,分析了运行中出现的初馏塔塔底液位控制过高和进出物料不平衡的问题,并提出了解决方法。实践证明,采用单塔连续精馏工艺进行粗苯初馏生产运行稳定,具有优越的先进性。     

The extraction and constitution of peat wax. Chromatographic fractionation of wax

The extraction and properties of crude peat wax were investigated. The composition of this wax obtained with various solvents was assessed in terms of the components: resin, asphalt, and wax. It was concluded that extraction processes using benzene were likely to be of greatest value. Crude peat wax was further fractionated by chromatography to yield nine major fractions. These were distinguished by chromatographic behavior, fluorescence and spectral characteristics, and analytical composition. Preliminary work toward identification of individual components showed The presence of compounds of various types including hydrocarbons (e.g. perylene and many compounds containing one or more carboxyl, ester, carbonyl, or hydroxyl groups.     

从低阶煤直接制取苯类产品的项目研究

基于市场对粗苯的需求,进行以低阶煤为原料直接制取粗苯的研究。我国低变质程度煤炭资源丰富,且储量巨大,选择性地对某些低阶煤在一定的溶剂、催化剂、温度、压力条件下加氢液化,可得到含芳香烃较高的油品,经过重整精馏可进一步得到苯、甲苯、二甲苯等产物。初步探讨了低阶煤加氢液化制粗苯的工艺过程和过程条件。     

Composition of resinous ozonization products of raw benzene

The composition of the ozonization products of coal-based benzene is studied. The resinous products formed consist of a mixture of oxygen-bearing benzene hydrocarbons and aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids.     

浅谈粗苯洗油

论述了粗苯洗油的质量要求,分析了粗苯洗油变坏的原因,指出了处理变坏洗油的办法。     

夏季热辐射对终冷洗苯系统影响的应对措施

通过对唐山中润煤化工有限公司粗苯工段改造后运行的问题进行数据分析,找出了夏季粗苯收率降低的原因。经过对相关数据的分析计算,确定采取增加螺旋板换热器的方式解决了夏季辐射对终冷洗苯系统的影响,从而提高了粗苯夏季的产量和收率。     

影响粗苯产量的因素

对焦化企业粗苯产量的影响因素进行全面的分析,对洗苯温度、洗油质量、过热蒸汽、富油温度、粗苯温度等主要影响因素做了详细分析与总结,并得出以下结论：洗苯效率随着入塔煤气温度的升高而增加,煤气最佳温度为20～25℃;确保洗油质量的措施是控制再生器的排渣次数和排渣温度,每周排渣3次,排渣温度190℃为佳;蒸馏塔顶温度为94～96℃、蒸汽温度为340℃以上,富油温度为180～190℃;冷却后的粗苯温度在25-30℃之间时,粗苯产量为最佳。     

噻吩类硫化物在FAU分子筛上吸附的分子模拟研究

为了从分子层面探索焦化粗苯中噻吩类硫化物在催化剂上的吸附行为,指导焦化粗苯加氢脱硫精制,采用巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)方法,在适宜的分子模拟条件下,研究了温度在473.15～673.15K时,单组分噻吩类硫化物在FAU分子筛上的吸附,获得了吸附热、吸附等温线和吸附位等信息;在焦化粗苯催化加氢条件,即压力0.01～1.0MPa、温度573.15K下,考察了多组分硫化物的竞争吸附。结果表明:在473.15～673.15K下,各硫化物的吸附热大小顺序为:2,5-二甲基噻吩>噻吩>2-甲基噻吩;在同一温度、压力下,分子量越小,饱和吸附量越大,饱和吸附量与分子量大小有关;在焦化粗苯催化加氢条件下,在多组分噻吩类硫化物的竞争吸附过程中分子大小占主导地位。     

Hydrodynamic and micellar properties of sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates

This paper provides hydrodynamic data and micellar properties of some sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates. The free energy of micellisation. as deduced from experimental data, is compared with that calculated from the structural parameters and shows that these sulphonates form spherical and ellipsiodal micelles in aqueous medium. The ease of micellisation and micelle size increases as one goes from sodium decyl to sodium hexadecyl benzene sulphonates. The solubilisation data of n-octane and ethyl benzene in aqueous sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate solutions above the cmc indicates that aliphatic hydrocarbons when solubilised reside within the micellar core whereas aromatic hydrocarbons reside in the micellar core as well as in the annular space between hydrodynamic shear surface and surface of the micellar core,     

粗苯馏程与三苯含量的关系

对焦化厂化工产品粗苯的质量指标180℃前馏出量与其苯、甲苯、二甲苯组分的含量之和的测定数据进行了对比分析和函数模拟,结果表明,两者之间存在着线性关系,且所得的一元线性回归方程对分析检测和工艺生产有着实际的指导意义。     

Neutral oil in linear alkyl benzene sulfonate slurries: Determination and composition

A method of improved accuracy and acceptable precision for the determination of neutral oil in detergent slurries is described. The increase in accuracy results from minimizing loss of highly volatile constituents of the neutral oil. The composition of the neutral oil in linear alkyl benzene slurries has been determined utilizing infrared and mass spectrometry techniques. Highly branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons constitute the principal portion of the neutral oil. Traces of aromatic hydrocarbons are also present. The balance of the neutral oil comprises dialkylsulfones together with trace quantities of unidentified sulfur containing components. Analogies are drawn between the composition of neutral oil from linear alkyl benzene sulfonates and branched alkyl benzene sulfonates.     

不同分析条件对测定粗苯中三苯含量的影响

在测定粗苯中三苯含量的分析中,通过采用不同色谱柱的长度、柱流量、试样的进样量来探讨分析条件对面积归一法测定粗苯中三苯含量结果的影响。     

某焦化企业重大事故模拟分析

焦化企业粗苯泄漏达到爆炸极限时,遇到火源极易引起火灾爆炸,同时伴有中毒等事故。本文以危险性较大的粗苯储存单元为主要对象进行重大事故预测、模拟。     

Influence of ozonization on the hydrocarbon composition of raw benzene at coke plants

The influence of ozonization on the composition of raw benzene produced at coke plants is studied. Preliminary ozonization reduces the quantity of unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur-bearing compounds and correspondingly the proportion of benzene increases.     

Effects of various hydrocarbons on micellar growth

The effect of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons on surfactant micellar growth has been investigated by viscosity measurements at 40°C. Aqueous and aqueous KBr (0.1 M) solutions of 0.1 M cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) showed that the viscosity behavior changed substantially in the presence of KBr. This is attributed to favorable conditions produced by KBr that assist micellar growth by addition of hydrocarbons. Reasons for the effectiveness of the solubilized hydrocarbons are suggested and supported by theoretical arguments. The causes of viscosity decrease at higher aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations are also explained. Micellar growth with soluble aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons could also be initiated if a moderate salt concentration is present in CPB micellar solutions. The chainlength, solubilization site, and molar volume of the soluble hydrocarbons all affect the bulk viscosity of the solution. Such surfactant and hydrocarbon combinations may find use in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration of benzene and its derivatives, but it should be kept in mind that micellar shape may change and be more curved at higher benzene derivative concentrations.