Nontraditional methods of initiating the explosion of combustible liquid mixtures

Results of a study of initiation of explosion of self-igniting combustible liquid mixtures of an oxidizer and a fuel are reported. Conditions under which explosion occurs and ranges of compositions for which the process is realized are given. It is found that combustible liquid mixtures explode upon coming in contact with alkali metals and their alloys. Boundaries of explosiveness of compositions initiated by alkali metals, the minimum portion of initiators, and the effectiveness of initiation of explosions by the new initiation method are determined. Scientific-Research Institute “Neftepromgeofizika”, Malakhovka Branch, Malakhovka 140090. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 137–140, September–October, 1997.     

Composition of resinous ozonization products of raw benzene

The composition of the ozonization products of coal-based benzene is studied. The resinous products formed consist of a mixture of oxygen-bearing benzene hydrocarbons and aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids.     

焦化粗苯加氢精制工艺及催化剂研究进展

论述了焦化粗苯加氢精制的工艺方法及其催化体系,并简单介绍了国内加氢工艺的应用。通过比较不同温度条件的加氢工艺,认为低温法加氢具有设备投资省、品种多样、操作简便等优点,是较为理想的粗苯加氢精制工艺。当前粗苯精制中应用广泛的催化剂是以Al2O3为载体的Mo钼基催化剂,如何将理论研究领域的脱硫催化剂更好地应用到粗苯加氢精制行业是发展趋势。国内近年大量上马一批粗苯加氢精制项目,但多引进国外技术,自主开发研究成为迫切任务。     

普通硅质原料提纯用作高纯石英砂的分析研究

介绍了我国硅质原料加工的一般情况,分析研究了某厂石英砂提纯的工艺过程及效果,就普通硅质原料精制提纯以生产高纯、超纯石英砂进行了探索,并对生产流程改进和工艺设备选用提出了初步建议。     

Influence of ozonization on the hydrocarbon composition of raw benzene at coke plants

The influence of ozonization on the composition of raw benzene produced at coke plants is studied. Preliminary ozonization reduces the quantity of unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur-bearing compounds and correspondingly the proportion of benzene increases.     

碳四精细一体化装置预处理原料净化项目工艺技术研究

碳四精细一体化装置生产工艺和设备对原料液化气中碳三与碳五含量要求严格,如含量超标将无法进行正常生产.通过设备、流程的优化改造对预处理原料进行净化,克服不足,满足了装置生产要求.介绍了该项目改造的工艺技术和设备等情况.     

Pilot-scale hybrid bio-diatomite/dynamic membrane reactor for slightly polluted raw water purification

This study investigated the performance and mechanisms of a novel pilot-scale bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor (BDDMR) for slightly polluted surface water treatment in continuous-flow mode. The results revealed that the pilot-scale BDDMR was very effective at reducing particle number and removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn), UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄), NH₃-N and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) with a hydraulic retention time of 8 h. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the dynamic membrane was invariant for each selected flux, i.e., 30 L/m² h, 50 L/m² h and 80 L/m² h, in the early filtration stage and rose quickly to 4.5 kPa in the final stage of the operation period. Based on the results of the three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) observation, the aromatic protein-like substance in the influent was removed effectively. In addition to suspended solid separation, the BDDMR could partially remove a MW 1000–3200 Da of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Three individual effects responsible for removing pollutants were investigated. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was also used to verify the shift of microbial communities in the mixed liquor.     

隐晶质石墨纯化研究进展

本文详细介绍了目前国内外隐晶质石墨提纯的各种方法,主要有浮选法、碱酸法、氢氟酸法、氯化焙烧法和高温提纯法,系统地阐述了它们的基本原理、工艺条件、研究进展,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了对比。     

Use of chemical and metallurgical methods for processing of gabbro-basalt raw material

The recovery of silica and the mixture of iron and aluminum oxides, as well as associated valuable elements, from hydrochloric acid solutions obtained after the desalination of the products of the sintering of wastes of gabbro-basalt raw material with soda by hydrochloric acid has been experimentally studied. A scheme of the integrated utilization of gabbro-basalt raw material involving chemical and metallurgical methods has been suggested.     

预分解窑两种投料方法的比较

投料对预分解窑系统尽快达到合理的热工制度有着很大的影响。采取的方法正确,既能保护窑衬,又能稳步达产。1两种投料操作方法1)大幅提高窑速→投料→料进入烧成带→降窑速。此种“留火待料“方法,需要很高的窑内温度,而且     

脊髓灰质炎病毒颗粒分离纯化方法学评价

目的比较3种不同密度梯度离心方法对脊髓灰质炎病毒空心颗粒、实心颗粒的分离效果。方法选择蔗糖密度梯度离心、氯化铯密度梯度离心、Optiprep(碘克沙醇溶液)密度梯度离心方法,对脊髓灰质炎病毒进行纯化,抽取离心之后的蛋白条带,通过计算蛋白回收率、SDS-PAGE分析、病毒颗粒透射电镜观察,评价其对病毒空心颗粒、实心颗粒的分离效果。结果病毒液经蔗糖、氯化铯和Optiprep 3种介质超速离心,均能分离空心颗粒和实心颗粒。氯化铯密度梯度离心法蛋白回收率优于Optiprep及蔗糖密度梯度离心法;Optiprep密度梯度离心法蛋白纯度优于氯化铯及蔗糖密度梯度离心法。结论通过蛋白回收率、SDS-PAGE分析、病毒颗粒透射电镜观察初步评价了3种方法对脊髓灰质炎病毒空心颗粒和实心颗粒的分离效果,为脊髓灰质炎病毒分离纯化提供了参考。     

1,4-二(对氟苯甲酰基)苯的合成与纯化

1,4-二(对氟苯甲酰基)苯是合成聚芳醚酮的单体之一,采用付-克酰化反应合成了1,4-二(对氟苯甲酰基)苯,并采用红外光谱(IR)、元素分析、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)对产物结构进行了表征。     

“双甲”工艺在合成氨原料气净化中的优势

简要介绍了合成氨原料气净化中“双甲”(甲醇化-甲烷化)工艺的优势、原理及工艺特点,并通过对深度变换甲烷化工艺和“双甲”工艺的技术比较．进一步证明了“双甲”工艺在原料气净化中有其独特的优势。     

煤系针状焦原料预处理技术进展

针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极的新型材料。据针状焦成焦机理,煤焦油和煤焦油沥青作为针状焦生产原料时必须进行预处理将其中的喹啉不溶物等杂质除去。煤系针状焦原料的预处理方法主要包括溶剂法、过滤法、离心分离法、加氢法、改质法及溶剂-加氢法。上述方法均可将煤焦油和煤焦油沥青中的喹啉不溶物降至满足针状焦生产的要求,其中溶剂法中的溶剂-沉降法现已得到工业化应用。     

2-羟基丙酸提纯方法的研究进展

介绍了 2 -羟基丙酸的来源及性质 ,总结了 2 -羟基丙酸的提纯方法 ,并展望了 2 -羟基丙酸提纯及应用的发展前景与存在的问题