意大利SILVATEAM(施华)公司系统介绍(续)

(上接2005年第7期)3·1WT白湿皮系统主要用于生产各种不是非常紧实挺身、柔软或者较为柔软类型的植鞣革或无铬鞣革,例如软包、沙发、服装、汽车用革等。该系统以SILVATEAM公司开发生产的LEDOSOL WT鞣剂为基础发展而成,通过用该鞣剂对酸皮进行预鞣,制得白湿皮,然后进行快速植鞣制成植鞣革,或者使用合成鞣剂、多种类型的复鞣剂制作白色或无铬鞣革。LEDOSOL WT鞣剂是改性的醛和特殊合成鞣剂的产品,具有较强的鞣性和渗透性,并有极佳的柔软效果,经过LEDOSOL WT预鞣的坯革,可以象铬鞣革一样直接进行后续的机械操作—挤水和削匀到…     

无机/有机无铬结合鞣法在水牛二层沙发革上的应用

采用DMT-ⅡB无铬多金属配合鞣剂分别对1#有机鞣剂和2#有机鞣剂所鞣得的水牛二层坯革进行复鞣,即进行无机/有机无铬结合鞣,并进行湿态染整操作。试验工艺获得的水牛二层沙发革检测后发现,DMT-ⅡB配合鞣剂复鞣1#有机鞣剂鞣坯革制得的革收缩温度达到89.1℃,复鞣2#有机鞣剂鞣坯革制得的革收缩温度达到86.3℃,再经过湿态整理和干整理后收缩温度分别达到92.5℃和86.4℃,革身丰满柔软,撕裂强度和抗张强度较好。综合比较分析表明,DMT-ⅡB配合鞣剂与1#有机鞣剂结合鞣制得的成革综合性能较优。     

轻革生产中无铬鞣制工艺的研究

采用改性戊二醛、改性栲胶、改性淀粉、铝鞣剂、合成鞣剂等进行了山羊服装革无铬鞣制工艺的研究,通过多次试验,得出了多种鞣剂结合鞣制的无铬鞣制工艺,所得坯革的收缩温度≥90.5℃,丰满柔软性良好.     

复鞣对皮革防水性的影响

铬鞣革分别采用8类共19种典型复鞣剂复鞣,并用两亲聚台物复鞣加脂剂处理,对所得革的吸水度进行了对比研究。结果表明,用植物鞣剂、代替型合成鞣剂和乙烯基单体聚台物复鞣的革,其吸水度无明显变化;用甲醛和戊二醛复鞣,革的防水性有所提高;用辅助型合成鞣剂和矿物鞣剂复鞣,革的防水性明显降低;含铬钼改性栲胶和含铬合成鞣剂则使复鞣革的防水性显著降低。     

05无机/有机无铬结合鞣法在水牛二层沙发革上的应用

采用DMT-ⅡB无铬多金属配合鞣剂分别对l#有机鞣剂和2#有机鞣荆所鞣得的水牛二层坯革进行复鞣,即进行无机,有机无铬结合鞣,并进行湿态染整操作。试验工艺获得的水牛二层沙发革检测后发现,DMT-ⅡB配合鞣剂复鞣1#有机鞣剂鞣坯革制得的革收缩温度达到89．1℃,复鞣2#有机鞣荆鞣坯革制得的革收缩温度达到86．3℃,再经过湿态整理和干整理后收缩温度分别达到92．5℃和86．4℃,革身丰满柔软,撕裂强度和抗张强度较好。综合比较分析表明,DMT-ⅡB配合鞣剂与1#有机鞣剂结合鞣制得的成革综合性能较优。     

改性戊二醛对锆-铝-钛配合鞣剂鞣革性能的影响

就改性戊二醛鞣前预处理对锆-铝-钛配合鞣剂鞣革性能的影响进行了研究。考察了改性戊二醛用量、浸酸p H对鞣剂吸收率、坯革收缩温度及物理感官性能的影响,并借助组织学方法观察改性戊二醛预处理对鞣后坯革胶原纤维状态的影响。结果表明:经改性戊二醛预处理可提升鞣剂鞣革性能,并且促进鞣剂的吸收。优化得到的最佳工艺为:浸酸p H值2.5、改性戊二醛用量1.5%、锆-铝-钛配合鞣剂用量20%。该工艺所得坯革收缩温度可达94℃,鞣剂吸收率为88%,经湿态染整及干态整饰后,坯革物理机械性能符合行业标准。     

浅谈有机磷鞣制黄牛二层磨砂沙发革工艺

介绍了有机磷鞣剂Tansal GN和它的鞣制机理。针对黄牛二层革的组织构造特点,探讨了用有机磷鞣剂Tansal GN生产黄牛二层磨砂沙发革的生产工艺及技术关键。     

无铬鞣黄牛鞋面革的生产

采用植物鞣剂、改性戊二醛、合成鞣剂等无铬鞣剂进行复合结合鞣,保证较高的收缩温度和物理力学性能.根据试验工艺获得的无铬黄牛鞋面革产品经检测,收缩温度达到94.5℃,革身丰满、柔软、有弹性,粒面平整细致,光泽自然,有较好的耐拉伸和抗撕裂性能.坯革物理机械性能基本达到黄牛鞋面革的性能要求.     

简易白鞣黄牛沙发革工艺

本文介绍了用白湿皮鞣剂Granofin F-90生产无铬鞣黄牛沙发革的工艺。重点探讨了Granofin F-90在准备工序的应用条件和复鞣工序的技术要点。     

简易白鞣黄牛沙发革工艺

本文介绍了用白湿皮鞣剂Granofin F-90生产无铬鞣黄牛沙发革的工艺。重点探讨了Granofin F-90在准备工序的应用条件和复鞣工序的技术要点。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the