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橡胶制品硫化过程中,不可避免地会在模具内表面产生结垢现象,造成模具内表面不光滑而影响橡胶制品外观,一般工业橡胶制品加工厂清除模具污垢的方法,多采用酸洗或碱洗,效果不够理想,轮胎外胎硫化模具除垢,国内一直采用小刀刮,砂纸磨,这样落后的原始方法,其劳动度大,效果不理相,尤其在花纹深处的轮廓部位难以清洗,久而久之,造成模具字迹模糊,陈垢结疤,影响轮胎表面的光洁度。 相似文献
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根据轮胎外胎硫化传热属一维薄板传热而模板热源温度不同的情况,将傅立叶热传导方程中一维薄板稳态热传导微分方程和一维薄板非稳态热传导微分方程联立,建立了轮胎外硫化过程的传热计算数学模型,并得到实际硫化测温数据的初步验证,再结合阿累尼乌斯方程提出系列外胎硫化条件计算方法。 相似文献
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为解决轮胎硫化过程中各部位温差大、硫化不均匀、一些部位出现过硫化和外温管道加热不均匀的情况,试验一种新型中心机构和新型硫化模具。优化中心机构的结构和喷射角度,对现有模具外温加热管道进行调整,改变现有模具安装方式,并对模具结构和外温管道进行优化。利用新型中心机构和新型模具能够有效减小硫化过程中轮胎各部位温差,提高轮胎硫化均匀性,缩短轮胎硫化时间,提高轮胎质量。 相似文献
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分析了无内胎工程机械轮胎胎里气密层出疤,胎趾圆角,了沟和胎里露线等质量缺陷产生的原因,从结构和配方设计及硫化工艺方面提出了相应的改进措施,增加水胎模型排气线和外胎模型胎圈部位排气线,控制气密层胶片的厚度和胶料的焦烧时间,硫化开始阶段采取慢升内压的方式,减小外胎胎里直径与水胎外直径的比值和增大胎面厚度等。 相似文献
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对平板硫化机外胎质量存在的倾向问题进行分析,并针对内压过热水进水方式提出了双向硫化新工艺。经实际使用,改进后大大提高了轮胎外观合格率,实现了提质降耗的目标。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献