Cu-2．0Ni-0．5Si合金形变热处理及强化机理分析

研究了不同形变热处理条件下Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si合金的性能,对合金的显微硬度和电导率进行测量,采用透射电镜及电子衍射分析其显微组织.结果表明,时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程,在时效初期尤为明显;在450 ℃时效时合金有3种强化机制:调幅组织强化、位错强化、析出的第二相粒子强化.随着变形量的增加硬度的峰值也会增加,但对电导率影响不大.变形量为80%时其显微硬度达到248 HV,相对电导率达38.5%IACS.     

不同处理工艺对铜钴铬硅合金组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶-时效处理工艺和固溶-预冷变形-时效处理工艺对Cu-Co-Cr-Si合金力学性能、电学性能及其显微组织结构的影响。结果表明，最佳形变热处理工艺为980℃固溶1h，冰盐水淬火，40％预冷变形之后480℃时效4h。合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率、硬度和相对电导率分别达到634MPa，575MPa，8．9％，1700MPa（HB）和43．2％IACS。这种合金有显著的时效强化特性，强化相为Cr粒子、Cr3Co5Si2相和Co2Si相。合金的高强度来源于固溶强化、亚结构强化和第二相析出强化。     

Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金的时效行为

研究了时效处理后不同程度冷变形的Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金的时效行为,利用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析了合金时效过程和显微组织,并对其孪晶及析出相进行了标定;同时研究了时效处理和冷轧变形量对合金导电率和显微硬度的影响,建立了导电率方程和时效析出动力学方程,探讨了合金的时效强化机制和时效析出动力学。结果表明:经过时效处理,Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金的硬度和导电率均得到提升;Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金经40%冷轧变形后,在500℃时效1 h后,其导电率为44%·IACS,显微硬度为255 HV0.1。Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金在500℃时效时,合金析出相析出完成所用时间最短。     

Pd-Ag-Sn-In-Zn合金时效特性

研究了不同时效工艺对Pd-Ag-Sn-In-Zn合金的力学性能、电学性能及显微组织和相结构的影响.结果表明:固溶-冷变形后合金的时效过程由过饱和固溶体的析出和基体的再结晶两个过程控制;合金高强度主要来源于加工硬化和第二相的析出强化,合金的电阻率变化主要受时效过程中再结晶和析出过程的综合影响.     

Cu—Zn—Cr合金的时效特性

研究了不同时效工艺对Cu-Zn-Cr合金的力学性能、电学性能及其显微组织的影响。结果表明：固溶－冷变形后合金的时效过程由过饱和固溶体的析出过程和基体的再结晶两个过程控制；合金高强度主要来源于加工硬化和第二相铬粒子的析出强化，合金的高导电性则主要来源于贫化后成份接近于铜锌固溶体的基体。     

形变热处理工艺对2024铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、金相显微分析、x射线衍射物相分析、扫描电镜断口扫描等手段,研究了形变热处理工艺对2024铝合金组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明,预变形使合金的时效强化效果提前;随着变形量的增加,延伸率有所下降,合金强度先提高后降低,在变形量为40％时最大。析出相随变形量增大而更加弥散细化;但大变形时效态的合金析出强化相明显减少,表明大变形使合金析出相的析出机制发生了改变。     

含Er和Zr元素的Al-Mg-Si合金板材时效析出与强化行为

通过研究热处理工艺对Al-Mg-Si-Zr-Er合金组织与性能的影响,确定了合金板材的峰时效热处理工艺,探讨了合金的析出与强化行为。研究结果表明:540℃固溶1 h后,合金板材的析出相得到充分溶解,再结晶组织也未发生明显粗化;时效时,合金的析出相主要为Mg2Si、Al Cu Mg Si(Q相)和Cu Al2等;Er和Zr元素的加入促进了β″相析出,并使β″相变得更为细小弥散,从而缩短了时效时间,提高时效强化效果;合金的峰时效工艺为540℃固溶1 h,180℃时效5 h;合金的时效强化是位错切过机制和绕过机制的综合作用;合金的较高强度源于合金凝固组织细化、Al3(Er,Zr)粒子的弥散强化以及Er和Zr元素的加入促进β″相析出细化等共同作用的结果。     

时效对Cu-Ni-Si-P合金组织和性能的影响

研究了时效温度和时效时间对Cu-Ni-Si-P合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:合金先经900℃固溶,再经不同冷变形后时效,当变形量为80%、时效温度达到450℃、时效2 h后,其显微硬度达到220 HV,导电率达到41%IACS,与未经预冷变形的合金时效相比,合金能获得较高的显微硬度与导电率。Cu-Ni-Si-P合金在较短时间时效时,析出相细小弥散分布。利用高分辨技术观察该合金在450℃时效48 h的析出相形貌,通过计算发现:析出相与基体之间保持着良好的共格关系,并通过对其进行标定,发现析出相为Ni2Si和Ni3P。     

Si对Al-Zr-Y合金时效析出行为的影响

通过显微硬度与导电率测试,结合扫描电镜、透射电镜等组织观察,研究了Al-Zr-Y-Si合金时效析出行为,揭示了合金元素Si在时效析出过程中的作用。结果表明:添加少量Si的Al-Zr-Y-Si合金时效强化效果显著提高,400℃等温时效100 h后,Al-0.25Zr-0.03Y-0.10Si合金的硬度比Al-0.25Zr-0.03Y合金提高约45%。Si元素能明显加快沉淀相析出,Al-Zr-Y-Si合金在400℃等温时效的孕育期从6 h缩短为2 h,合金在时效过程中形成更加细小弥散的L12结构析出相,但过量Si元素导致沉淀相过早粗化,降低合金的耐热性能。Al-0.25Zr-0.03Y-0.10Si合金表现出最佳综合性能,对于高性价比耐热铝合金的研发具有重要意义。     

Cu-1.5Ni-0.27Si合金形变热处理

利用力学性能、电学性能测试，金相、电镜观察及电子衍射分析研究了不同形变热处理条件下Cu-1．5Ni-0．27Si合金性能与显微组织的关系。结果表明：该合金经850℃快速热轧淬火后表现为明显的变形组织，无动态再结晶现象，只有极少量的第二相析出。450℃时效4h处理后，其显微硬度达到峰值(HVl58)，相对电导率达44％(IACS)。δ-Ni2Si析出相粒子的平均尺寸约为15nm，间距约为10～30nm，与铜基体存在确定的位向关系：(110)m//(211)ppt，[1l0]m∥[324]ppt。合金经80％的冷轧变形后，σb、σ0.2、显微硬度、延伸率和相对电导率(IACS)分别达578MPa、573MPa、HV173、3％和41．5％。合金的强化机制为Orowan位错绕过机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。