共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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An air parametric array can generate a highly directional beam of audible sound in air,which has a wide range of applications in targeted audio delivery.Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer(CMUTs)have great potential for air-coupled applications,mainly because of their low acoustic impedance.In this study,an air-coupled CMUT array is designed as an air parametric array.A hexagonal array is proposed to improve the directivity of the sound generated.A finite element model of the CMUT is established in COMSOL software to facilitate the choice of appropriate structural parameters of the CMUT cell.The CMUT array is then fabricated by a wafer bonding process with high consistency.The performances of the CMUT are tested to verify the accuracy of the finite element analysis.By optimizing the component parameters of the bias-T circuit used for driving the CMUT,DC and AC voltages can be effectively applied to the top and bottom electrodes of the CMUT to provide efficient ultrasound transmission.Finally,the prepared hexagonal array is successfully used to conduct preliminary experiments on its application as an air parametric array. 相似文献
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Ziping Wang Ying Luo Guoqi Zhao Fuh-Gwo Yuan 《International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design》2017,13(1):57-69
In contrast to piezoceramics, orthotropic piezoelectric fibre composites (OPFC) which can be used as actuator/sensor elements in damage detection show clear advantages because of their high sensitivity along the fibre direction and directivity. The focusing acoustic field distribution of the OPFC phased array transducer is analyzed by the finite element method together with directivity analysis in metallic materials. The optimal array parameters such as spacing, width and number of elements are obtained by studying the total displacement changes as various parameters change at the focus point. The feasibility of an OPFC ultrasonic phased array transducer for damage detection is validated. 相似文献
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Garner G Steer MB 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2012,59(4):776-784
Traditional parametric arrays are produced by a second-order nonlinear interaction between two primary ultrasonic tones that are close in frequency, resulting in a difference tone that is in the audio band. This article presents a parametric array produced by a third-order nonlinear interaction between two primary ultrasonic tones that are distantly spaced in frequency such that one tone is approximately the second harmonic of the other. The result is a third-order lower intermodulation (IM3) tone in the audio band with greater directivity and lower side lobe amplitude than comparable second-order fields. Measurements are presented that compare the directivity of 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz difference tones to that of 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz IM3 lower tones. Furthermore, a cascaded second-order approach for N-element transducer arrays is used to model third-order scattering with good agreement between measurement and theory. 相似文献
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针对大型低频换能器指向性难以测量的问题,提出了一种基于四元十字阵的测量方法以获取大型低频换能器的指向性。利用到达四元十字阵阵元的时延差信息,结合双曲面交汇法对换能器进行定位,并根据四元十字阵阵元测得的声信号实现大型低频换能器指向性的测量;对定位算法进行理论仿真,设计并进行了湖上试验以测量模拟声源的指向性;对湖上试验测量数据进行计算分析,并与模拟声源在消声水池中的测量结果进行比较,两者-3 dB波束开角的测量结果相差在10%以内。此方法可以用于低频换能器指向性的测量。 相似文献
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Lee JH Choi SW 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2000,47(3):644-650
A numerical simulation model is presented to investigate the influences of design parameters of linear phased array transducers on beam focusing and steering performance. The characteristic of ultrasonic beam profiles has been simulated on the basis of the Huygen's superposition principle. For the simulation, a linear phased array is considered as the composition of finite number of elements separated by equidistance. Individual elements are considered as two-dimensional point sources. The waves generated from piezoelectric elements are considered as simplified transient ultrasonic waves that are constructed with the cosine function enveloped with a Hanning window. The characteristic of ultrasonic wave propagation into a medium from the phased array transducer is described. The effects of the number, the interelement spacing, steering angle, the focal length, and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric elements on beam directivity and ultrasonic pressure field in a linear phased array transducer are systematically discussed. 相似文献
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Modeling of finite-amplitude sound beams: second order fields generated by a parametric loudspeaker 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yang J Sha K Gan WS Tian J 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2005,52(4):610-618
The nonlinear interaction of sound waves in air has been applied to sound reproduction for audio applications. A directional audible sound can be generated by amplitude-modulating the ultrasound carrier with an audio signal, then transmitting it from a parametric loudspeaker. This brings the need of a computationally efficient model to describe the propagation of finite-amplitude sound beams for the system design and optimization. A quasilinear analytical solution capable of fast numerical evaluation is presented for the second-order fields of the sum-, difference-frequency and second harmonic components. It is based on a virtual-complex-source approach, wherein the source field is treated as an aggregation of a set of complex virtual sources located in complex distance, then the corresponding fundamental sound field is reduced to the computation of sums of simple functions by exploiting the integrability of Gaussian functions. By this result, the five-dimensional integral expressions for the second-order sound fields are simplified to one-dimensional integrals. Furthermore, a substantial analytical reduction to sums of single integrals also is derived for an arbitrary source distribution when the basis functions are expressible as a sum of products of trigonometric functions. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by a comparison of numerical results with experimental data previously published for the rectangular ultrasonic transducer. 相似文献
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利用角谱理论得到了圆形活塞换能器阵元组阵后作用在平面悬浮物体上的声辐射力分布公式。通过数值仿真,分析了换能器频率、阵元间距以及阵元数目对声辐射力分布的影响。计算结果表明,换能器组阵使得声辐射力分布的指向性变窄,强度增强;随着换能器频率的提高、阵元间距的增大以及阵元数目的增多,声辐射力分布的主瓣更尖锐,但阵元间距的增大会使声辐射力分布的旁瓣增高。为了改善声辐射力的空间分布,采用伪逆矩阵算法,以能量增益为目标函数,通过调节换能器阵元表面振动速度的幅值和相位来形成多焦点的声辐射力分布,为阵列换能器声辐射力分布的调控和声悬浮稳定性的研究提供帮助。 相似文献
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《IEEE sensors journal》2008,8(11):1755-1762
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McGarrity J.P. Hayward G. Powell D.J. 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1994,41(1):19-25
The use of ultrasonic array systems, in conjunction with a synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) has recognized potential for flaw characterization in nondestructive evaluation (NDE). However, defect type, location, orientation and geometrical constraints imposed by the test specimen can reduce the effectiveness of nonoptimal array systems. To assist with design, a simulation approach for evaluation of array performance for NDE imaging was developed and is described in this paper. In the development of the model, several key factors were identified as being critical in defining the response of a linear ultrasonic transducer array. These include the ultrasonic wavelet generated by each array element, the directivity of the transducers and the interaction of the ultrasonic wave field with the surface which is to be imaged. Following several simplifying assumptions, and employing a linear systems approach, the cumulative response of all these factors was formulated. Thus a low-cost, yet powerful, interactive model for system design evaluation could be implemented. To illustrate the model, a range of simulation results is presented, concerning the imaging of a fatigue crack in a solid medium. The influence of array element spacing and centre frequency is considered, in conjunction with aperture size, defect orientation and surface roughness. In each case, the principal factors governing final image quality are discussed and where possible, recommendations are made concerning array design and imaging strategy 相似文献
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参量扬声器足近年来出现的一种新的声源。根据宽带参量阵理论的“Berktay远场解”,对参量扬声器的一种信号处理方法——DSB(Double Side Band)法的互调失真问题进行了理论与实验研究。研究发现,DSB法除了存在幅值失真、谐波失真外,还存在互调失真,且实测互调失真较理论预测的复杂。在此基础上指出,“Berktay远场解”只能在一定程度上作为参量扬声器信号处理的理论依据,寻找更为精确的自解调理论模型是解决参量扬声器信号处理问题的根本途径。 相似文献
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Frank Mielentz 《Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation》2008,27(1-3):23-33
An innovative application of ultrasonic testing using phased arrays for concrete components was investigated. A low frequency ultrasonic phased array consisting of ten transducers was used. This configuration allowed the variation and control of the sound field directivity during the measurement. The measurements were carried out on concrete test specimens using a scanning laservibrometer in through transmission mode. The laboratory measurements were compared to theoretical calculations to investigate the influence of shape and dimension of the transducer on the resulting sound field patterns. The technique was successfully implemented to detect an ungrouted tendon duct in a concrete block. 相似文献
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Ziping Wang Ying Luo Guoqi Zhao Bai Qiang Xu Fuh-Gwo Yuan 《Research in Nondestructive Evaluation》2013,24(4):204-215
ABSTRACTIn order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the sensor used in complex concrete materials, an innovative application of ultrasonic phased array detection for a concrete structure was investigated. Comparing with the traditional piezoelectric composites, orthotropic piezoelectric composite material (OPCM) can be used as transducers in damage detection show clear advantages because of their high sensitivity and directivity along the polarization direction. A low frequency ultrasonic phased array transducer consisting of 16 OPCM elements is studied. The optimal array parameters, such as the phased array element interval, the array element width, and number of elements, are obtained by studying the total displacement changes as various parameters change at the focus point in the concrete structure. This configuration allowed the variation and control of the wave field directivity in the concrete structure during the measurements. The measurements were taken on concrete specimens using a precise time-delay device. The experimental measurements were compared to theoretical calculations to investigate the influence of different array element parameters. The results show that an OPCM phased array transducer can be used to detect damage in a concrete block. 相似文献
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介绍了一种小型化线列阵,阵结构与常规线列阵最大的不同在于阵元间距小于四分之一波长。通过理论分析和仿真计算优化了各阵元的最佳权系数,获得了良好的指向性,得到了实验的证明。小型化线列阵的指向性图具有四大特点:①单向性:仅在半空间出现一个轴对称的主波束,无栅瓣和次瓣。②端射特性:主波束出现在线阵的轴射方向。③超指向性:在阵的尺寸远小于二分之一波长条件下不仅可以获得良好的指向性图,并且波束宽度随阵元间距的减小而减小。④恒定束宽特性:在阵元间距小于八分之一波长条件下,波束宽度随频率变化非常平缓。这种小型化基阵也可用于大型基阵如拖曳阵和展开式体积阵的子基阵,进行低频宽带信号的检测。 相似文献
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在众多描述非线性声波传播的理论模型中,KZK方程能够准确地描述有限振幅声波传播的衍射、吸收及非线性效应,对求解参量阵近场声场有着明显的优势,因而成为描述非线性声场最为精确的方程之一。从KZK方程的频域求解出发,利用二阶对角隐式龙哥库塔法(second-order Diagonal Implicit Runge-Kutta,DIRK2)和Crank-Nicolson有限差分法(Crank-Nicolson Finite Difference,CNFD)相结合的有限差分算法,对在不同媒介中传播的参量阵近场声场特性进行研究,旨在对参量阵能量累积过程有进一步的理解,为参量阵转换效率的提高提供初步的探索,为参量阵的进一步工程应用提供相应的理论指导。 相似文献