有机过氧化物交联间规聚丙烯研究

用DSC对三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯（TMPTMA）存在下的间规聚丙烯过氧化物交联进行了研究。根据交联过程中反应热焓的变化结合交联前后凝胶含量的结果确定了工艺条件。单独使用过氧化物或多官能团单体均难以使sPP交联,在sPP/TMPTMA/DCP交联体系中,多官能团单体聚合后在sPP基体中形成的中间产物通过捕捉sPP大分子自由基形成了交联结构。随DCP和TMPTMA用量的增加,交联程度增大,但高温下长长时间反应会导致sPP的降解反应加剧,凝胶含量下降。     

聚醚酮酮及其低聚物晶体的多晶型结构

利用WAXD研究PEKK的晶型，得到两种晶型其点阵常数（nm）为：I型a=0．775,b=0.609，c=101及II型a=0．418，b=1.13，c=1.007;表明多晶型不仅与结晶条件也与分子结构有关改变分子结构，在二氯乙烷中结晶都可将两种晶型完全分开对PEKK低聚物在二氯乙烷中结晶样品的研究证实了上述晶到     

SEBS增容等规聚丙烯/间规聚苯乙烯共混体系的结构与性能

用3种组成相近而分子量不同的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)作为增容剂,对等规聚丙烯/间规聚苯乙烯(iPP/sPS)共混物进行增容。研究了共聚物的分子量对iPP/sPS共混物的形态结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,中、低分子量的SEBS具有较好的增容作用,能有效提高共混物的拉伸强度;而高分子量的SEBS则能显著改善共混物的韧性。用SEM观察了增容剂在共混物中的分布情况,揭示了共混物的力学性能不仅取决于增容剂的界面活性,而且还与增容剂在共混物中的分布密切相关。     

间规聚丙烯的非等温结晶过程与动力学研究

用DSC法研究了间规丙烯（s-PP)的非等温结晶动力学，并以Борохоьский方程进行非等温结晶数据处理，确定了动力学结晶（Gc)。结果表明，冷却速度（a)在1.25-20(-K/min)范围内，s-PP非等温结晶过程中t0.5和tmax均随a增加成指数下降，二者关系为t0.5=1.102a^0.012tmax。非等温结晶过程中有二次结晶发生，结晶前，后期成核与生长机理有明显差别。结晶初期成核结晶受a影响较大，结晶后期则基本上的二维条带和圆形生长，后期结晶速度大于前期。s-PP非等温结晶活化能为137.3J/mol。     

等规聚丙烯DSC熔融双峰的成因

论述了多种产生熔融双峰的情况及原因，对最近研究等规聚丙烯ＤＳＣ熔融双峰的进展进行了评述，最后，介绍了笔者在这一领域的最新研究成果。     

熔融结晶过程中热历史对尼龙6多晶现象的影响

用差示扫描量热仪考察了熔融结晶过程中晶核的残留对尼龙6多晶形成的影响。在熔融成型过程中尼龙6易形成较稳定的α和γ晶型。实验结果表明,在此过程中,尼龙6的α和γ晶核都对尼龙6的结晶有诱导性能,当尼龙6的熔体中存在其中一种晶型的晶核时,在结晶过程中则优先形成这种晶型。γ晶型在γ晶核不被熔融消失的情况下会向更稳定的α晶型转变,而这种转变不具有可逆性。     

等规聚丙烯/豆油溶液体系的结晶过程研究

采用DSC法对等规聚丙烯(iPP)／豆油溶液的非等温结晶过程进行了研究．研究了聚丙烯浓度和降温速率对结晶温度的影响,结晶温度随降温速率升高而下降,随iPP含量增加略有上升,用自制热台在自然降温条件下对聚丙烯／豆油溶液的浊点进行了测定,结合DSC法的测定结果,绘制了聚丙烯／豆油体系的非平衡相图．另外研究了成核剂对结晶温度的影响,研究发现加入成核剂后iPP／豆油体系的结晶温度提高了15℃以上．     

低等规聚丙烯的等温结晶动力学

利用 DSC法研究了低等规度聚丙烯 ( LIPP)的等温结晶动力学。根据 Avrami方程求出了各个结晶温度下的结晶动力学参数 k( T)、n和 t1/ 2 ,研究了 L IPP的结晶度及结晶速率与结晶温度的关系。利用Hoffman等温结晶理论 ,求出 LIPP的 σe 为 3.0 7× 10 -2 J/ m2 。     

不同氯含量氯化聚丙烯的热降解

用ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ－ＤＳＣ法研究了低氯化聚丙烯（Ｃｌ－ＰＰ）在空气、Ｎ２气流中线性升温时的热降解，发现随Ｃｌ％增加，主链脱ＨＣＬ的失重率增大，而主链的降解失重率减小；Ｎ２气中平衡热降解温度ＴＰ１、Ｔ０．１随ＣＬ％的提高而下降，而ＴＰ２、ＴＰ３与其无关；空气中ＴＰ１、ＴＰ２随ＣＬ％的提高而下降，Ｔ０．１、ＴＰ３与其无关。     

聚苯胺晶性问题的探讨

用广角X射线衍射(WAXD),SEM,DSC和TGA方法研究了聚苯胺的晶性问题,结果表明,不同条件下所得聚苯胺其本征型的结晶行为差别较大。当聚合溶液的酸浓度在0.001～7N范围内时,随着酸浓度增加,其本征态聚合物的结晶性降低。所得产物的掺杂态较本征态更容易结晶,结晶度随掺杂剂浓度的升高而增加。适当的热处理可提高聚苯胺的结晶能力。     

Experimental investigations on the polypropylene behavior during ultrasonic welding

The polypropylene material meets the needs and requirements in automotive industry due to its features such as wide range of physical properties, ease of processing, and low cost. This research has focused on the investigation of the behavior of polypropylene during ultrasonic welding process. The lap welded samples were examined by modern methods such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Also, the morphology of the non-welded and welded regions of the polypropylene samples was analyzed by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) method. TGA and DSC results showed a negligible difference between the mass loss of the molded and the welded propylene materials. Furthermore, the SEM images revealed the formation of voids in close correlation with vibration amplitude. The weld strength and bond integrity appears to be higher for higher vibrations, emphasizing that the lap joint interface strength is higher when the tendency of voids formation is decreasing. The stress-strain curve of the material, plotted for three ultrasonic welding variants, illustrated that increasing the main process parameters (pressure, time, and vibration amplitude) makes the weld strength higher, but a decrease in plasticity was noticed in the welded polypropylene samples.     

等规聚丙烯/豆油体系的非等温结晶动力学

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对等规聚丙烯(iPP)与豆油体系的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了等规聚丙烯在豆油中的结晶形态．对实验数据用Ziabicki理论和Jeziorny方法进行处理,求出结晶动力学指数、结晶速率常数和结晶能力等数据,分析了降温速率及iPP初始浓度等对结晶动力学参数的影响．     

Differential Scanning Calorimetry with Curve-Fitting Program Used to Quantitatively Analyze the Polymorphic Transformation of Famotidine in the Compressed Compact

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with a curve-fitting program was utilized to quantitatively determine the polymorphic composition of famotidine in the compacts prepared by different compression treatments. Two types of famotidine compacts (compact I or II) were prepared by compressing a conical shape or a flattened shape of powder bed of famotidine form B. The compact I was constructed by a transparent region in the center with an opaque region surrounded outside, but the compact II was formed by a whole opaque region only. A drilled disc sample was prepared and then directly determined by DSC analysis. The Raman spectral results clearly indicate that all the compacts whether in any region before DSC determination were only of famotidine form B and independent of compression pressure applied. Under DSC determination, however, the curve-fitted relative compositions of form B in the drilled disc I sample were gradually reduced to 23–24% with the increase of compression pressure, whereas the curve-fitted relative composition of form A was slowly increased up to 76–77%. A transitional phase of famotidine form B (form B*) in the transparent region of the compact I after applying >150 kg/cm² of compression pressure was easily detected, and then transformed to famotidine form A under DSC heating process. But this transitional phase and polymorphic transformation of famotidine could not be detected by other spectroscopic methods. This suggests that the DSC heating system was a preferred method not only to quantitatively analyze the polymorphic transformation of famotidine but also to find a newly transitional phase of famotidine in the compressed compact.     

不同长径比聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的力学特性

纤维长径比对混凝土力学性能影响显著,而长径比变化的实质是纤维直径和形态均发生变化,因此现有研究多是通过改变聚丙烯（PP）纤维（包含粗、细PP纤维）直径或截面形态设置长径比梯度,从而导致变量不唯一。本文对粗PP纤维（d=700 μm）和细PP纤维（d=80 μm）长径比对混凝土力学性能的影响进行了试验研究,分析了粗、细PP纤维增强混凝土的力学特性。结果表明:粗、细PP纤维增强混凝土坍落度随所掺纤维长径比增大而先降低后趋于稳定,抗压、抗弯、劈拉强度随所掺纤维长径比增大而呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,700 μm粗PP纤维最优长径比为42,80 μm细PP纤维最优长径比为200。此外,提出了宏观力学拟合计算理论用于分析粗PP纤维长径比对PP纤维增强混凝土抗弯强度的影响,以此来增强试验结果的预测性和可控性;对粗、细PP纤维在混凝土中的摩擦粘结机制进行了力学分析,掌握了影响摩擦粘结力的具体因素。      

Creep behavior and manufacturing parameters of wood flour filled polypropylene composites

The influence of wood flour content, coupling agent and stress loading level on the creep behavior of wood flour–polypropylene composites was investigated. Maleated polypropylene (MAPP; Epolene G-3003™) was used as the coupling agent to treat the wood flour used as reinforcing filler for polypropylene composite. The tensile strength and modulus of various wood flour–polypropylene composites (WPCs), manufactured using the melt blending, extrusion, and palletizing methods, were measured before performing the creep test. The residual tensile strength, creep strain, and fractional deflection of the resultant wood flour–polypropylene composites were measured by means of the creep test. It was shown that the tensile strength decreased with increasing wood flour level in the composites. The creep strain also decreased as the wood flour level increased. The presence of the coupling agent increased the tensile strength of the wood flour–polypropylene composites, compared with the specimens made of pure polypropylene. For those composites containing the coupling agent, the creep deflection was significantly lower than those made without any coupling agent. The creep strains of the WPC specimens observed during the creep test fitted perfectly with the four-element burger creep model. Further investigation is required of the effects of combined mechanical and environmental loading in varying proportions.     

压力膨化处理和充电方法对PP蜂窝膜压电性的影响

以压力膨化技术处理改性商用SHD50型聚丙烯蜂窝膜(PP Cellular),它们的压电 d33 系数可达193pC/N,比未经处理的样品提高了约 2 个数量级。利用点电晕充电,接触法充电和动态压电 d33系数测量研究了上述2种不同充电方法对 SHD50 膜压电性的影响。     

聚丙烯微孔膜的表面工程

聚丙烯微孔膜的表面工程研究主要涉及:强调膜表面性质的膜过程开发、膜表面修饰与功能化方法的建立和优化、膜表面结构的表征及其与膜分离性能的关联,旨在深化对聚丙烯微孔膜材料表面特性的认识,进而拓展其应用范围.基于聚丙烯微孔膜表面的疏水性,首先简要介绍了气-液两相膜接触器传质行为的理论研究,随后重点总结了聚丙烯微孔膜表面亲水化与抗污染性能研究、表面仿生修饰与生物功能分离膜构建等方面的研究进展.