郑庄东大井区煤层含气量主控地质因素

以郑庄区块东大井区为主要研究对象,综合运用实验测试数据、煤田钻孔及煤层气井资料,并结合沉积、构造和地下水动力的原理和方法,深入分析了该区煤层含气量分布和主控地质因素。研究结果表明:研究区煤层含气量较高,总体呈自东向西逐渐增大的趋势,且主要受煤层埋藏深度、地质构造和水动力条件三个因素控制。即煤层埋深对含气量分布具有较好的控制作用,总体上含气量高值区大都位于北部深埋区域;地质构造对含气量的影响主要表现为次级构造叠加在煤层埋深影响的总体背景之上导致含气量展布复杂化;北部地区水动力条件对煤层气的运移和富集具有显著的控制作用,是影响煤层含气量展布的主要因素;而南部地区则由于埋深和断层等因素的影响,从而导致水动力条件与煤层含气量的相关性不太明显。     

河南胡襄煤田煤层赋存特征及控气因素

以河南胡襄煤田为研究区,通过定性分析和定量研究,探讨了煤层厚度、煤层埋深、上覆基岩厚度、地质构造、顶底板岩性以及变质程度等因素对煤层气富集的控制作用.通过数理统计方法,得出了煤层厚度、埋深、上覆基岩厚度与煤层含气量的回归方程,并进行了显著性检验.研究结果表明,随着煤层厚度的增加,含气量有着增大的趋势,两者之间具有线性正相关关系;随着埋深和上覆基岩厚度的增加,含气量都有着先快速增大而后缓慢增大的趋势,且具有对数正相关关系;煤变质程度是二1煤层和二2煤层含气量变化的影响因素之一,且含气量随Ro,max的增加而增大;次级褶曲向斜翼部和背斜轴部富气,且向抬升区域运移;断层或煤层露头线附近,含气量较小;断层的上升盘含气量明显小于下降盘;断层尖灭端附近,含气量大;煤层顶底板岩性对含气量有一定的影响.     

古汉山井田煤层气赋存特征

以焦作煤田古汉山井田为研究区,通过定性分析与定量研究,探讨了煤层埋深、顶底板岩性、煤层埋深以及地质构造等因素对煤层含气性的控制;通过数理统计的方法,得出了埋深、有效埋藏深度以及煤厚与煤层含气量的回归方程,并对回归方程进行了显著性检验.研究结果表明,煤厚、断裂构造以及埋深是影响古汉山井田煤层气赋存特征的主要因素,并表现为:①随着煤厚的增加,含气量线形增大.②随着埋深和有效埋藏深度的增加,含气量先是急剧增大,到了一定阶段后,增大趋势变慢,之间具有对数正相关关系.③在断层尖灭端,含气量大,断裂带内含气量小;正断层的下降盘的含气量大于上升盘,同一正断层的上升盘附近,距离断层面越远,含气量越大.煤层的顶板岩性对含气量有一定的影响,但不是引起井田内煤层含气量变化的主控因素.     

古汉山井田煤层气赋存特征

以焦作煤田古汉山井田为研究区,通过定性分析与定量研究,探讨了煤层埋深、顶底板岩性、煤层埋深以及地质构造等因素对煤层含气性的控制;通过数理统计的方法,得出了埋深、有效埋藏深度以及煤厚与煤层含气量的回归方程,并对回归方程进行了显著性检验．研究结果表明,煤厚、断裂构造以及埋深是影响古汉山井田煤层气赋存特征的主要因素,并表现为：①随着煤厚的增加,含气量线形增大．②随着埋深和有效埋藏深度的增加,含气量先是急剧增大,到了一定阶段后,增大趋势变慢,之间具有对数正相关关系．③在断层尖灭端,含气量大,断裂带内含气量小;正断层的下降盘的含气量大于上升盘,同一正断层的上升盘附近,距离断层面越远,含气量越大．煤层的顶板岩性对含气量有一定的影响,但不是引起井田内煤层含气量变化的主控因素．     

重庆松藻矿区打通一矿M_8煤层瓦斯赋存地质规律

以重庆松藻矿区打通一矿为研究区,基于瓦斯地质理论,探讨了地质构造、煤厚、埋深、有效埋深以及顶底板岩性等地质因素对主采煤层M8煤层中瓦斯赋存的影响规律.通过数理统计的方法构建了各因素与瓦斯含量的回归方程,并对其进行了显著性检验.研究结果表明,煤厚、埋深等是影响打通一矿M8煤层瓦斯含量分布的主控因素,褶皱构造对瓦斯局部富集具有重要影响,而顶底板区域内岩性比较稳定,有利于瓦斯的保存,但不是引起含气性变化的主要因素.     

淮北地区煤储层物性及煤层气勘探前景

研究了淮北地区地物构造演化及控气特征,结果认为：淮北地区印支期以来的构造演化对煤储层物性控制作用十分显著,以EW向的宿北断裂为界,北部地区煤层气勘探前景不佳,南部地区的东部,煤层的展布受褶皱形态的控制。在宿面向斜和南坪向斜中,煤层埋深、煤体结构、含气性、含气量和渗透率等储层物性均有利于煤层气的运移、聚集和保存,具有较好的煤层气勘探前景;临涣矿区强变形构造煤发育,煤体结构复杂,基本无勘探前景;涡阳矿区正断层发育,煤层气含量相对较小,但渗透性较好,值得进一步深入研究。     

华北盆山演化对深部煤与煤层气赋存的制约

深部煤和煤层气的聚集及赋存与盆山演化有着密切的关系.在对华北陆块中新生代盆山演化过程与特征研究的基础上,以其主要含煤区为研究区域,探讨了华北陆块盆山演化对其含煤区深部煤和煤层气的制约作用.结果表明:华北不同地区盆山演化特征不仅导致了含煤盆地结构的复杂多变,也使煤层埋深及煤的储层物性发生了不同程度的变化.渤海湾盆地,受挤压和伸展控制作用,其煤层埋藏深;煤层气沿断裂运移至上覆岩层中,形成常规天然气藏,但仍有部分煤层气赋存于深部煤层中,形成煤层气富集层.鲁西含煤区以伸展滑脱作用为主,煤层埋深增加;由于张性断裂作用,煤层含气量降低.两准含煤区以逆冲推覆作用为主,使煤层埋深增加;淮北煤田岩浆-热作用相对淮南煤田强烈,煤层含气性局部变好,渗透率也有所增高.豫西含煤区重力滑动产生的牵引褶皱区,煤层埋深增加,煤层气保存较好.沁水盆地以挤压复向斜构造为主,使煤层埋深增加,且岩浆-热作用明显,煤层含气性较好,而叠加后期形成的构造裂隙,渗透率较好.鄂尔多斯盆地受沉积厚度的影响而煤层埋深增加;由于煤中内生裂隙较多,渗透性也较好.     

河北省煤层气富集区及富集规律研究

为全面掌握河北省煤层气资源富集区与富集规律,通过收集河北省多矿区矿井煤层气资料、瓦斯资料、等温吸附资料等相关数据,并结合区域地质条件,对煤层气资源进行综合对比分析。结果表明,河北省煤层气分布具有时间性和空间性特征,构造演化是煤层气生成和富集的基础。基于煤层气分布规律将煤层气划分为3个富集带:太行山东麓高含气富集带受构造和水力作用控制呈"东高西低"富集规律,岩浆作用导致东侧南北向具有"南弱北强"特征,西侧南北向具有"局部强,整体弱"特征;蓟玉开平高含气富集带受构造和水力控气作用整体呈"北西翼高,南东翼低"特征;平原低含气富集带在构造演化过程中,抬升剥蚀作用使煤层上覆有效基岩厚度变小,煤层埋深虽大,但上覆巨厚冲积层不利于煤层气的保存,含气饱和度低。研究结果对河北省煤层气资源开发利用具有一定理论指导意义。     

白家海凸起深层煤层气压裂试气实践与认识

埋深超过1 000m的深层煤层气因其赋存状态研究较少,产出条件又不同于浅层煤层气压裂试气工艺要求,勘探开发技术难度大。基于准噶尔盆地东部白家海地区彩A井和彩B井的压裂实践,认为白家海地区煤层埋深大于1 500m,煤层气符合中煤阶肥煤特征,储层富集以游离气为主,其压裂试气宜采用"低粘液、大排量、大液量、高砂比"压裂改造措施和"螺杆泵+直读压力计+套管控压"的排液工艺。     

沁水盆地煤层气地质研究进展

综述沁水盆地煤层气地质的相关研究成果.根据研究,沁水盆地煤层气地质特征可以总结为：主要为高—过成熟的热成因气,仅有少量次生生物气;太原组煤层较山西组煤层吸附性强、渗透性好;煤层的含气性在南部相对较好,在西北部最差;煤层一般发育两组裂隙且以吸附孔为主,盆地南部部分裂隙被热液矿物充填;深成变质与燕山期构造热事件叠加所引起的二次生烃是盆地煤层气藏形成的主要气源,沁南富气区的勘探前景较好.关于煤层气成藏动力场的研究,已经实现了多因素耦合的研究方法.煤层气成藏分析相关研究已经对边界和类型作出划分和厘定.     

Estimation of correction coefficients for measured coal bed methane contents

Improving the accuracy and precision of coal bed methane (CBM) estimates requires correction of older data from older coal exploration surveys to newer standards. Three methods, the depth gradient method, the contour aerial weight method, and the well-point aerial weight method, were used to estimate the correction coefficient required to predict CBM gas content from coal exploration data. The data from the Nos. 3 and 15 coal seams provided the coal exploration data while the CBM exploration stages within the X1 well block located in the southern part of the Qinshui Basin provided the data obtained using newer standards. The results show the correction coefficients obtained from the two aerial weight methods are similar in value but lower than the one obtained from the depth gradient method. The three methods provide similar results for the Nos. 3 and 15 seams in that the correction factor is lower for the former seam. The results from the depth gradient method taken together with the coal seam burial depth and the coal rank suggest that variations in the correction factor increase linearly along with coal seam burial depth and coal rank. The correlation obtained can be applied to exploration and the evaluation of coal bed gas resources located in coalfields.     

平顶山矿区煤层气赋存特征及开发潜力

平顶山矿区二1煤层富含煤层甲烷气体,其资源量估算达302亿m3以上．本文通过对控制煤层气赋存的二1煤层的传层几何形态、地质特征、煤质变化、特别是物性特征的研究,指出本区二1煤层渗透性较好,渗透率随着围限压力增加而降低,且与判及发育程度、构造应力变化有密切关系．而二1煤层中的煤层气含量与煤层理深有着密切关系,随着深度增加而增加．通过综合分析指出了开发潜力较好的区块．     

Reservoir reconstruction technologies for coalbed methane recovery in deep and multiple seams

Multiple coal seams widely develop in the deep Chinese coal-bearing strata. Ground in situ stress and coal seam gas pressure increase continuously with the increase of the mining depth, and coal and gas outburst disasters become increasingly severe. When the coal is very deep, the gas content and pressure will elevate and thus coal seams tends to outburst-prone seams. The safety and economics of exploited firstmined coal seams are tremendously restricted. Meanwhile, the multiple seams occurrence conditions resulted in different methane pressure systems in the coal-bearing strata, which made the reservoir reconstruction of coal difficult. Given the characteristics of low saturation, low permeability, strong anisotropy and soft coal of Chinese coal seams, a single hydraulic fracturing surface well for reservoir reconstruction to pre-drain the coalbed methane(CBM) of multiple seams concurrently under the different gas pressure systems has not yet gained any breakthroughs. Based on analyses of the main features of deep CBM reservoirs in China, current gas control methods and the existing challenges in deep and multiple seams, we proposed a new technology for deep CBM reservoir reconstruction to realize simultaneous high-efficiency coal mining and gas extraction. In particular, we determined the first-mined seam according to the principles of effectiveness and economics, and used hydraulic fracturing surface well to reconstruct the first-mined seam which enlarges the selection range of the first-mined seam. During the process of mining first-mined seam, adjacent coal seams could be reconstructed under the mining effect which promoted high-efficiency pressure relief gas extraction by using spatial and comprehensive gas drainage methods(combination of underground and ground CBM extraction methods). A typical integrated reservoir reconstruction technology, ‘‘One well for triple use", was detailed introduced and successfully applied in the Luling coal mine. The application showed that the proposed technology could effectively promote coal mining safety and simultaneously high-efficiency gas extraction.     

沁水盆地郑庄区块构造演化与煤层气成藏

基于沁水盆地郑庄区块的构造发育特征,研究了自二叠纪煤系形成以来该区域构造应力场演化,分析了其对煤层气藏的控制作用,包括构造-埋藏史、后期成藏演化及成藏控制因素.研究表明:郑庄地区主要经历了印支期、燕山期、喜马拉雅早期和喜马拉雅晚期—现代4个期次的构造应力场演化.在构造控制下,二叠纪煤层经历了印支期和燕山中—晚期两次成烃作用,特别是燕山中、晚期煤层生气量巨大,是煤层气的主要成藏期.此后,随着地壳持续抬升剥蚀,煤层埋藏不断变浅,并发育了多组封闭性较好的节理.受南东侧的寺头断层控制,煤层埋深处于600～1 200m,为煤层气成藏以来的最浅埋藏,虽然本区二叠系煤层气的成藏时间较早,但保留的煤层气含量大,煤储层厚度大,且煤层埋藏适中.     

华北地区煤层含气性影响因素探讨

煤层含气性是评价煤层气勘探开发前景的决定性因素之一,影响煤层含气性的因素很多,其中较为重要的因素有煤层上覆有效地层厚度、煤的变质程度、断裂构造、盖层条件及煤层厚度等.对此进行了分析探讨,认为:影响煤层含气性的主要地质因素为煤层上覆有效地层厚度和煤的变质程度,次要因素为断裂构造、盖层条件及煤层厚度.     

石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯赋存规律探究

煤层瓦斯质量体积（含量）是煤层瓦斯主要参数之一,是矿井进行瓦斯涌出量预测、煤与瓦斯突出预测和瓦斯抽放设计的重要依据.只有摸清矿井瓦斯赋存规律,才能对采掘面瓦斯抽放制定合理的技术措施.为避免石门沟煤矿瓦斯治理的盲目性,笔者通过分析煤层瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度的关系,并结合矿井地质构造,研究了煤层瓦斯赋存规律,总结得出石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯质量体积受地质构造控制,在远离地质构造区域,瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度呈正相关,并推出其关系式,为矿井瓦斯治理提供可靠数据.     

石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯赋存规律探究

煤层瓦斯质量体积(含量)是煤层瓦斯主要参数之一,是矿井进行瓦斯涌出量预测、煤与瓦斯突出预测和瓦斯抽放设计的重要依据.只有摸清矿井瓦斯赋存规律,才能对采掘面瓦斯抽放制定合理的技术措施.为避免石门沟煤矿瓦斯治理的盲目性,笔者通过分析煤层瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度的关系,并结合矿井地质构造,研究了煤层瓦斯赋存规律,总结得出石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯质量体积受地质构造控制,在远离地质构造区域,瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度呈正相关,并推出其关系式,为矿井瓦斯治理提供可靠数据.     

等温吸附曲线方法在煤层气可采资源量估算中的应用

在缺乏煤层气井生产资料的情况下，为了合理利用我国煤田地质勘探中煤层气解吸法所测的煤层气含量，使其计算的煤层气资源量与可采资源量更为接近，根据煤层气解吸特征，煤储层等温吸附特征，通过计算解吸系数，求取煤层气的解吸率．利用等温吸附曲线与煤层气临界解吸压力的关系，估算出煤层气临界解吸压力，并结合煤层气井的枯竭压力，估算出煤层气采收率，进而获得煤层气可采资源量．结果表明，残余气在煤层气开采时基本上是不可能获得的，另外由于生产技术的原因，参考国外煤层气实际生产情况，井深结构所能达到的最低储层压力之下的煤层气也基本上不能被采出．因此通过解吸系数法校正、等温吸附曲线法校正后，计算的煤层气资源量更能反映煤层气的可采潜力．     

The impact of depositional environment and tectonic evolution on coalbed methane occurrence in West Henan,China

A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which geological factors(depositional environment and tectonic evolution) control the occurrence of coalbed methane(CBM) is important for the utilization of CBM resources via surface-drilled wells and the elimination of coal-methane outbursts, the latter of which is a key issue for coal mine safety. Based on drill core data, high-pressure isothermal adsorption experiments, scanning electron microscopy experiments, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and X-ray diffraction experiments, the impact of the depositional environment and tectonic evolution on CBM occurrence of the II-1 coal seam of the Shanxi Formation in West Henan was analyzed. Results showed that the depositional environment led to the epigenetic erosion of tidal flat coal-accumulating structures by shallow-delta distributary channel strata. This resulted in the replacement of the original mudstonesandy mudstone coal seam immediate roof with fine-to-medium grained sandstones, reducing methane storage capacity. Epigenetic erosion by the depositional environment also increased coal body ash content(from 6.9% to 21.4%) and mineral content, filling the cleat system and reducing porosity, reducing methane storage capacity. The maximum methane adsorption capacity of the coal body reduced from35.7 cm3/g to 30.30 cm3/g, and Langmuir pressure decreased from 1.39 MPa to 0.909 MPa. Hence, the methane adsorption capacity of the coal body decreased while its capacity for methane desorption increased. Owing to the tectonic evolution of West Henan, tectonically deformed coal is common; as it evolves from primary cataclastic coal to granulitic coal, the angle of the diffraction peak increases, d002 decreases, and La, Lc, and Nc increase; these traits are generally consistent with dynamic metamorphism.This is accompanied by increases in the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal body, further increasing the capacity for methane storage. Increases in micropore volume and specific surface area also increase the ability of the coal body to adsorb methane.