高速过滤在钢铁厂再生水回用处理中的应用研究

高速过滤工艺已成为钢厂再生水回用处理的必要环节。考察了有效粒径d10为1.35 mm的粗粒径石英砂均质滤料过滤系统对浊度的处理效果,结果表明:投加适当的絮凝剂后,该高速过滤系统在15 m/h滤速下出水浊度小于或等于3 NTU,过滤周期大于48 h,满足钢铁企业再生水回用对浊度的要求,可实现工程应用。过滤系统最佳冲洗强度为:气冲17 L/(m2.s),水洗10 L/(m2.s),水漂洗19 L/(m2.s)。     

新型家庭用污水回用装置的研制

中水回用是节水减污的一种重要方式,即将生活污水作为水源,经过适当处理后作杂用水,可用于厕所冲洗,园林和农田灌溉、道路保洁、洗车、城市喷泉、冷却设备补充用水等。采用中水技术既能节约水源,又能使污水无害化,是防治水污染的重要途径,也是我国目前及将来长时间内重点推广的新技术、新工艺。研制了一套新型家庭用生活污水回用装置,旨在解决目前集中污水处理和中水回用难的问题。     

湖水净化处理工艺

某人工湖水由于富营养成分较多，致使水体透明度下降，甚至有臭味散发。利用“过滤＋消毒”的湖水净化组合工艺，使湖水经处理后可以湖内循环回用。     

水回用技术发展及其趋势

在当今水资源日趋短缺的背景下,水回用则是解决水资源短缺的重要途径并在世界范围内得到普遍重视。因此,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,尤其是水资源短缺地区,必须考虑城市污水、工业废水回用问题,制定以节水与洁水为目标、改善水环境质量、提高水资源的综合利用为目的水资源可持续发展战略,寻求合理、有效的水资源可持续利用与水污染控制方法,研制发展新型、经济高效的水回用处理技术,提高城市污水回用率和工业废水水重复利用率,才能确保社会经济的可持续发展。水回用内容十分广泛,工艺方法较为复杂,尤其工业废水,部门行业庞杂,水质千变万…     

人工湿地处理牛山污水厂出水用于冲洗带式压滤机

牛山污水厂采用CASS处理工艺处理城镇污水,出水有较多羽毛。该厂没有建设回用水池,每天用100吨自来水冲洗滤带。利用人工湿地的过滤净化功能,将该厂的部分出水经人工湿地再处理后,作为冲洗水,节省自来水,使运营成本降低。     

石化二级处理水的回用研究

本试验为中试研究,采用混凝沉淀、流砂过滤、微电解杀菌的组合工艺对上海石化污水处理厂的二级处理水进行回用处理,处理过的污水能用作循环冷却水。试验表明,污水回用装置完全能够连续稳定的运行,而且处理效果明显,CODCr质量浓度从平均70．18mg／L降到39．88mg／L,浊度从平均30．83 NTU降到1．58 NTU,SS质量浓度从27．67mg／L降到1．61mg／L．细菌总数能处理到小于100mL^-1。的回用水标准。此外,该装置还具有很好的抗冲击能力。     

汾酒厂中水回用工程的设计

汾酒厂对厂内原有污水站出水进行深度处理,回用于酿酒冷却、绿化、冲厕等杂用。为确保项目的可靠性、经济性,一些新的正在推广的水处理技术未作考虑。经方案比选,最终确定的工艺流程为现有活性污泥处理系统二沉池的出水经过新建的深度处理滤池过滤后消毒回用。该工艺技术成熟,经济合理,出水水质全面达标。     

炼油厂生化出水流砂过滤回用试验研究

流砂微絮凝过滤和流砂直接过滤两工艺用于炼油厂生化出水深度处理后回用的试验研究。试验结果表明，PAC投加量为15mg/L时的微絮凝过滤工艺明显好于未投加PAC的，前者对浊度和CODcr的去除效果达到了88.2%和31.5%。而后者仅有64.2%和10.3%。出水水质达到了回用的水质标准。     

MBR与过滤-活性炭工艺用于医院污水回用比较

鉴于医疗机构污水排放标准接近于再生利用杂用水水质标准的现实,对MBR和过滤-活性炭工艺在综合医院污水处理回用实际工程中的处理效果、运行管理、投资、运行费用等进行了比较,以便为医院污水的回用工艺选择提供参考.结果表明,2种工艺的出水都可以满足GB/T 18920-2002要求.MBR工艺对氨氮和SS的去除效果更稳定,运行管理更方便,占地面积更小,适合于工程分期建设,但投资和运行费用要高于过滤-活性炭工艺.     

过滤技术在污水再生回用中的应用

过滤技术是污水再生回用的主要处理单元之一,常用予去除污水中的悬浮颗粒、胶体等。较为全面地介绍了其分类,全面系统地介绍了过滤技术近年来在污水再生回用中的应用现状,分析认为,正确选择过滤方式,才能发挥最大的运行效率,达到水质净化的要求。过滤技术对于废水的再生回用有很广l{对的应用前景,并对今后的研究方向做了探讨。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。