An evolvable ATM-based video network design supporting multipleaccess network technologies

This article describes an overall video network architecture with primary focus on the ATM subnetwork. The ATM subnetwork provides efficient switching capability for providing constant bit rate and variable bit rate video communication services. The ATM subnetwork can support multiple access networks like hybrid fiber coax (HFC), asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), and fiber to the curb (FTTC). A broadband network controller is presented as the external controller for the ATM subnetwork which performs the functions of the session/network manager and the ATM-based connection management. The initial deployment of video is likely to be permanent virtual connection (PVC)-based, so a dynamic PVC-based scenario is described. The ATM switch architecture presented here has been optimized to support video applications. An evolution to the switched virtual connection environment and support of multiple services over the ATM subnetwork is also addressed. Traffic management schemes are discussed which provide the negotiated quality of service to the connections     

Real-time call admission control for packet-switched networking by cellular neural networks

In this paper, novel call admission control (CAC) algorithms are developed based on cellular neural networks. These algorithms can achieve high network utilization by performing CAC in real-time, which is imperative in supporting quality of service (QoS) communication over packet-switched networks. The proposed solutions are of basic significance in access technology where a subscriber population (connected to the Internet via an access module) needs to receive services. In this case, QoS can only be preserved by admitting those user configurations which will not overload the access module. The paper treats CAC as a set separation problem where the separation surface is approximated based on a training set. This casts CAC as an image processing task in which a complex admission pattern is to be recognized from a couple of initial points belonging to the training set. Since CNNs can implement any propagation models to explore complex patterns, CAC can then be carried out by a CNN. The major challenge is to find the proper template matrix which yields high network utilization. On the other hand, the proposed method is also capable of handling three-dimensional separation surfaces, as in a typical access scenario there are three traffic classes (e.g., two type of Internet access and one voice over asymmetric digital subscriber line.     

ISDN-Oriented Modular VLSI Chip Set for Central-Office and PABX Applications

This paper describes a new ISDN-oriented modular (IOM®) architecture developed to establish the subscriber basic access to an Integrated Services Digital Network in a central-office or PABX environment with a minimum number of VLSI circuits. A four-component VLSI chip set is presented, consisting of the S-bus interface circuit (SBC), the ISDN burst transceiver circuit (IBC), and the ISDN echo cancellation circuit (IEC) for layer 1 data transmission at the fourwireSand the two-wireUinterface, respectively, and the ISDN communication controller for layer 2 link access protocol control. The development strategy, the functions of the IC's, and examples for their application in the subscriber terminal and digital subscriber line board are emphasized.     

The Broadband Access Facility

The deployment of broadband access networks will revolutionise many aspects of society in the early years of the next millennium. Manufacturers, telecommunications providers and cable television operators world-wide are investing heavily on research into networks that provide broadband multimedia services to customers. BT has developed a prototype of a full service access network that can connect customers via optical fibre, digital subscriber line or radio technologies. This paper describes the physical implementation of the prototype network and the wide range of services that it can support.This prototype network, referred to as the 'broadband access facility' is enabling BT and its partners to understand the best access architectures for a given environment through practical testing. The network now serves as an experimental platform, that can be used for communicating broadband concepts, designing operational processes, developing management solutions and testing advanced applications.The full service access networks (FSAN) initiative is a collaboration involving fourteen of the world's leading telecommunications network operators and major equipment manufacturers. Its vision is to create a shared requirements specification for access systems supporting narrowband and broadband services. This common specification will mean that broadband network components can be developed for world markets, thus raising volumes and driving down unit costs. The common system specification is based around an ATM/SDH (asynchronous transfer mode/synchronous digital hierarchy) core network, with local optical fibre distribution via an ATM PON (passive optical network). DSL (digital subscriber line) systems maximise reuse of existing copper plant. The exact DSL system used depends upon where the optical system is terminated, e.g. in the local exchange, cabinet, kerb or home. Hence this broadband access system can support a range of access architectures — this flexibility is fundamental to the consensus achieved in FSAN.     

基于WiMAX的VPN租用线路服务

介绍了基于WiMAX接入的VPN租用线路服务,提出了一种用户的以太网数据通过WiMAX网络接入VPLS网络,建立端到端的以太网环境的解决方案,并给出了一个应用实例。     

Realising the Potential of Access Networks Using DSL

This paper provides an overview of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology and describes some of the key technical issues facing BT's DSL engineering team. The factors which determine the theoretical information-carrying capacity of BT's access network cables are discussed to give the reader a feel for the potential of the existing access network to deliver broadband services. Transmission on this network will be subject to impairments which will limit the achievable capacity, and there is an urgent need to ensure that all DSL systems are spectrally compatible if the capacity of the network is to be fully realised.     

Realising the potential of access networks using DSL

This paper provides an overview of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology and describes some of the key technical issues facing BT’s DSL engineering team. The factors which determine the theoretical information-carrying capacity of BT’s access network cables are discussed to give the reader a feel for the potential of the existing access network to deliver broadband services. Transmission on this network will be subject to impairments which will limit the achievable capacity, and there is an urgent need to ensure that all DSL systems are spectrally compatible if the capacity of the network is to be fully realised.     

Network and System Architecture: The Integrated Approach to ISDN in the UT Line

The paper presents an approach to ISDN suitable both for a pilot service, to be carried out in the near future in Italy, and for long-term developments with a high degree of penetration of ISDN setvices. Integration of ISDN services in the digital telephone exchange "UT" has taken place at all levels: system architecture, subscriber access structure, circuit connecting network, transmission links, call processing, and 0 & M functions. We also describe a new protocol that facilitates the dialog between exchange modules and between different exchanges for the data service. It is suitable for implementing packet transit switches with low complexity, high throughput, and low transit time. A special peripheral-handling processor handles the most repetitive functions of the protocols both in the local exchange and in other parts of the network, while the exchange central processor performs the ISDN call-handling functions; the same peripheral processors and the same module processor are used for both ISDN and telephone services. Finally, the paper shows how this architecture can evolve to include new wide-band services and new techniques to implement high-capacity fast packet switches.     

USSD网关计费系统设计与实现

非结构化补充数据业务USSD(Unstructured Supplementary Service Data)是一种基于GSM移动通信网络的新型交互式会话业务。USSD业务能够在非WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)设备上提供类似WAP手机的上网功能，大大利用了现有网络资源。文中对USSD业务概念、流程及特点作了阐述：在USSD网关通信结构的基础上阐述了USSD网关的计费流程，提出了计费系统的设计方法，并给出具体实现。     

GSM／WCDMA分组域监测分析系统设计

针对运营商对GSM／WCDMA分组域监测分析需求,设计了GSM／WCDMA分组域监测分析系统,该系统能够提供实时网络指标监控、网络质量分析、业务质量分析、用户上网日志留存等多种功能。     

通信用户接入设施的发展前途

概括说明数字用户线（xDSL)、无源光纤网络（PON）和光纤到路边（FTTC）、有线电视（CATV）和光纤同轴电缆混合（HFC）网、无线本地环路（WLL）和固定宽带无线接入（FBWA）4种用户接入方式。     

Subscriber single-mode optical fiber ribbon cable technologiessuitable for midspan access

The loop network configuration and high-fiber-count, single-mode optical fiber ribbon cable and jointing technologies which enable a quick response to service demand and offer high reliability in the subscriber network are described. Fiber parameters were chosen for 1.3/1.55-μm wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission, and a 1000-fiber cable composed of 8-fiber ribbons was developed. A mass-fusion splicing technique and a multifiber connector were developed for the fiber ribbon. These techniques were evaluated by constructing an experimental line. It was found that they are highly suitable for midspan access, which is indispensable for the high-fiber-count loop network     

Toward management systems for emerging hybrid fiber-coax accessnetworks

Advances in networking and hardware are motivating the development of high bandwidth local access networks that connect subscriber communities to the Information Superhighway. Hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) technology is emerging as one of the few economical viable technologies for designing new local access networks. These HFC local access networks are expected to support a variety of services in different spheres in an integrated manner, by drawing upon diverse technologies from the cable, computer, and telecommunications industries: the tree-and-branch network topology is typical of the cable network; intelligence in the end devices is a characteristic of the computer industry; and addressability, global interconnectivity, and quality of service (QoS) are characteristic of the telecommunications industry. It is this combination of diverse services and technologies that poses fundamental challenges in architecting a management system for HFC networks. The design of a management framework for HFC access networks is discussed     

Design Philosophy and Hardware Implementation for Digital Subscriber Loops

This paper presents various requirements and configurations in the information network system (INS) NTT's version of the integrated services digital network (ISDN)- such as field trials, and technologies and equipment design of the digital subscriber loop using balanced wire pairs. The main aspects characterizing digital subscriber loops, are a customer access structure, a digital transmission system on existing subscriber loops, and customer interface. A configuration of two-wire digital subscriber loops with two customer access channels, which is adopted in the field trials, will be described. The time-shared two-wire digital transmission and power feeding methods on subscriber loops are discussed. The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is discussed in detail, since CMRR is one of the main factors which affects the transmission ability of balanced wire pairs. A proposed self-clocked four-wire customer interface utilizes time division multiplexing technique. The digital subscriber loop operates on a call-by-call basis for link establishment to avoid excessive power dissipations as well as to avoid impairments caused by crosstalk from other lines within a cable. Its design objectives and implementation are also discussed.     

Line Circuit Interfaces for a Digital Switching System

Crucial to the design of digital switching systems for local switching applications is the line circuit interface. It forms the boundary between the analog, 2-wire, subscriber loop, with its attendant environment hostile to low-voltage electronics, and the digital logic environment. ITT North's DSS uses a Quad Line Circuit (QLC) that provides the line circuit interface between four subscriber loops and two PCM multiplexed highways. The QLC contains per-line elements consisting of an electronic 2W/4W hybrid, transmit and receive PCM filters, a codec, two card-mounted relays, and distributed logic for various gating and clocking functions. In addition, there is digital logic common to all four lines for interfacing with redundant microprocessors common to 320 lines. Design of the QLC in a dynamic technology evolution is discussed, and several evolutions of the initial design are presented.     

Customer premises networks of the future

B-ISDN based on ATM technologies is expected to offer enhanced and sophisticated services to users, but selecting a graceful migration path is critical. During the introductory stage of the ATM-customer premises network (CPN)-as an initial broadband public network service-ATM leased-line service will use VP crossconnect network. An efficient CPN interconnection via end-to-end VP pipe therefore would be an attractive application. The possible migration scenario of ATM-CPN is presented, the required functions and services in future CPN are clarified for each evolutional stage, i.e., the introductory, expansion and diffusion stages, and the importance of medium-bit-rate SB interfaces is described. It is also shown that a 10 to 20 Mb/s metallic interface should be introduced as a cost-effective SB interface     

QoS control in the 3GPP evolved packet system

In this article we describe the QoS concept of the evolved packet system, which was standardized in 3GPP Release 8. The concept provides access network operators and service operators with a set of tools to enable service and subscriber differentiation. Such tools are becoming increasingly important as operators are moving from a single to a multi-service offering at the same time as both the number of mobile broadband subscribers and the traffic volume per subscriber is rapidly increasing. The ?bearer? is a central element of the EPS QoS concept and is the level of granularity for bearer-level QoS control. The network-initiated QoS control paradigm specified in EPS is a set of signaling procedures for managing bearers and controlling their QoS assigned by the network. The EPS QoS concept is class-based, where each bearer is assigned one and only one QoS class identifier by the network. The QCI is a scalar that is used within the access network as a reference to node-specific parameters that control packet forwarding treatment. This class-based approach, together with the network-initiated QoS control paradigm, gives network operators full control over the QoS provided for its offered services for each of its subscriber groups.     

Integrated electronic subscriber line interface circuit with ringing on chip

A new high-voltage, dielectrically isolated, complementary bipolar technology has been used to integrate high-voltage functions of a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC). This circuit, in conjunction with a complementary low-voltage junction isolated bipolar integrated circuit, implements most of the line interface functions required for digital telephone switches. Partitioning of the junctions is based on technology requirements, and the two chips are encapsulated in 28-pin package.     

Adaptive power allocation and call admission control in multiservice WiMAX access networks [Radio Resource Management and Protocol Engineering for IEEE 802.16]

To achieve a successful broadband wireless access solution, the IEEE 802.16 subcommittee has released a series of standards for WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access). From a technical viewpoint, WiMAX is a feasible alternative to the wired Internet access solutions such as cable modem and DSL. Nevertheless, from the commercial viewpoint, whether the promise of WiMAX will be materialized still depends on its revenue rate to telecom operators and its service quality to the subscribers. In such a context, this article addresses two resource management mechanisms in WiMAX access networks, that is, adaptive power allocation (APA) and call admission control (CAC), from the perspectives of both service providers and WiMAX subscribers. APA emphasizes how to share the limited power resource of base station among different WiMAX subscribers and further influences the access bandwidth of each subscriber; CAC highlights how to assign a subscriber's access bandwidth to different types of applications. Moreover, to build a WiMAX access network, APA and CAC have to work cooperatively to provide cross-layer resource management. In this article we focus on the OFDMA-TDD system, which allows high spectrum-utility efficiency on uplink and downlink channels in the asymmetric scenario of "lastmile" Internet access. We conclude the article with an optimization strategy to balance service provider's revenue and subscriber's satisfaction