热浸镀Al-Si-Y对S304不锈钢高温性能的影响

通过热浸镀铝方法,对S304奥氏体不锈钢在熔融Al-Si-Y中进行处理。采用SEM,XRD,高温氧化试验及摩擦磨损试验对热浸镀涂层的组织结构及高温性能进行研究。结果表明,热浸镀涂层由富铝层及化合物层组成,富铝层中分布有富Y的Al-Fe-Si-Ni和Al-Si-Fe析出相,化合物由外到内由主要物相为(Fe,Cr)2SiAl7,含Si的(Fe,Cr)Al3以及含Si的(Fe,Cr)Al2的3个亚层组成。高温氧化和磨损试验表明,热浸镀铝后S304不锈钢与原始S304样品相比,抗氧化性能有所改进,耐高温磨损性能明显提高。     

Pack Cementation Coatings for High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Aluminum and titanium are deposited on the surface of steel by the pack cementation method to improve its hot-corrosion and high-temperature oxidation resistance. In this research, coatings of aluminum and titanium and a two-step coating of aluminum and titanium were applied on an AISI 304 stainless steel substrate. The coating layers were examined by carrying out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM results showed that the aluminized coating consisted of two layers with a thickness of 450???m each, the titanized coating consisted of two layers with a thickness of 100???m each, and the two-step coatings of Al and Ti consisted of three layers with a thickness of 200???m each. The XRD investigation of the coatings showed that the aluminized coating consisted of Al₂O₃, AlCr₂, FeAl, and Fe₃Al phases; the titanized layers contained TiO₂, Ni₃Ti, FeNi, and Fe₂TiO₅ phases; and the two-step coating contained AlNi, Ti₃Al, and FeAl phases. The uncoated and coated specimens were subjected to isothermal oxidation at 1050?°C for 100?h. The oxidation results revealed that the application of a coating layer increased the oxidation resistance of the coated AISI 304 samples as opposed to the uncoated ones.     

The Effect of Water Vapor on the Oxidation Behavior of CVD Iron-Aluminide Coatings

The oxidation behavior of iron-aluminide coatings, Fe₃Al or (Fe,Ni)₃Al, produced by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) was studied in the temperature range of 700–800°C in air + 10 vol.% H₂O. A typical ferritic steel, Fe–9Cr–1Mo, and an austenitic stainless steel, 304L, were coated. For both substrates, the as-deposited coating consisted of a thin (<5μm), Al-rich outer layer above a thicker (30–50 μm), lower-Al-content inner layer. In addition to coated and uncoated Fe–9Cr–1Mo and 304L, cast Fe–Al model alloys with similar Al contents (13–20 at.%) to the CVD coatings were included in the oxidation exposures for comparison. The specimens were cycled to 1000 1 hr cycles at 700°C and 500 1 hr cycles at 800°C, respectively. The CVD coating specimens showed excellent performance in the water-vapor environment at both temperatures, while the uncoated alloys were severely attacked. These results suggest that an aluminide coating can substantially improve resistance to water-vapor attack under these conditions.     

High Temperature Oxidation of Hot-Dip Aluminized T92 Steels

The T92 steel plate was hot-dip aluminized, and oxidized in order to characterize the high-temperature oxidation behavior of hot-dip aluminized T92 steel. The coating consisted of Al-rich topcoat with scattered Al₃Fe grains, Al₃Fe-rich upper alloy layer with scattered (Al, Al₅Fe₂, AlFe)-grains, and Al₅Fe₂–rich lower alloy layer with scattered (Al₅Fe₂, AlFe)-grains. Oxidation at 800 °C for 20 h formed (α-Al₂O₃ scale)/(AlFe layer)/(AlFe₃ layer)/(α-Fe(Al) layer), while oxidation at 900 °C for 20 h formed (α-Al₂O₃ scale plus some Fe₂O₃)/(AlFe layer)/(AlFe₃ layer)/(α-Fe(Al) layer) from the surface. During oxidation, outward migration of all substrate elements, inward diffusion of oxygen, and back and forth diffusion of Al occurred according to concentration gradients. Also, diffusion transformed and broadened AlFe and AlFe₃ layers dissolved with some oxygen and substrate alloying elements. Hot-dip aluminizing improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance of T92 steel through preferential oxidation of Al at the surface.     

Effect of Ternary Elements on the Oxidation Behavior of Aluminized TiAl Alloys

The effects of ternary elements added to TiAl on the coating layer formed by the pack-aluminizing process was studied with respect to oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. All the TiAl specimens, with various amounts of Nb, Cr, Fe, and V, were pack aluminized under identical conditions using a high-activity process. Among the ternary alloying elements tested, Nb showed the best property of the TiAl₃ coating layer formed on the surface and, consequently, the best oxidation resistance. The TiAl₃ coating layer becomes thicker and has a finer grain size as the content of Nb or Cr is increased. Microhardness tests revealed that the addition of Nb or Cr improved the toughness of the coating layer and thus improved the cracking resistance. Cyclic oxidation tests showed that the TiAl₃ coating layer formed on the TiAl alloy has better oxidation resistance with increasing Nb content. The ductility and oxidation resistance of the TiAl₃ coating layers improved with Nb addition, which contributes to the grain refinement of TiAl₃. The Nb present in the TiAl₃ coating layer inhibits grain growth by the solute-drag effect and retards inward diffusion of Al to the TiAl matrix by forming (Nb, Ti)Al₃ precipitates during high-temperature oxidation.     

Y2O3改性渗铝钢组织及抗氧化性能研究

在20钢表面复合电镀Ni-Y2O3层后900℃×6 h扩散渗铝,得到了Y2O3改性的渗铝复合层.利用SEM对渗铝层的显微组织进行了分析,并对渗层氧化性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,在本试验条件下,经Y2O3改性的渗铝层表面更加均匀致密,渗层组织得到细化,同时,抗氧化性能明显提高,其氧化增重为纯铝渗层的2/5.     

载荷对钛合金Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

为了提高耐摩擦磨损性能,采用磁控溅射技术在γTiAl钛合金表面制备了Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层。检测了涂层的厚度、表面硬度、微观组织和成分变化。通过在130g、230g和330g载荷下采用GCr15钢球作摩擦副进行的摩擦磨损试验,研究了有和无复合涂层的γTiAl合金的耐摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的厚度约为33μm,由Al2O3Y2O3层、AlY层和扩散层组成,平均表面硬度为433.4HV0.1。带复合涂层的γTiAl合金摩擦因数和比磨损率均比无涂层γTiAl合金的小。在不同的摩擦磨损试验载荷下,无涂层γTiAl合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而有Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的γTiAl合金则主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

Isothermal and thermal cycling oxidation of hot-dip aluminide coating on flake/spheroidal graphite cast iron

Two types of cast iron, flake graphite and spheroidal graphite cast iron, with ferrite matrix and similar composition, were aluminized by hot-dipping. As-coated aluminide layer consists of the outer Al topcoat, inner Fe–Al intermetallic layer and dispersed graphite. Isothermal and thermal cycling oxidation tests of aluminized specimens have been conducted. Cast irons with aluminide coating exhibit higher oxidation resistance than without the coating. However, different graphite structure results in diverse quality of aluminide coatings. Aluminide coating on flake graphite cast iron exhibits less oxidation resistance and adhesion to the substrate.     

Microstructural study on oxidation of aluminized coating on inconel 625

The high-temperature oxidation behavior of aluminized Inconel 625 has been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fine-probe spot and linescan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis techniques. The formation of adherent slowly growing metallic coatings is essential for protection against severe environments. The coated (aluminized) and uncoated samples were subsequently oxidized in air at 1000 and 1100 °C to examine the performance of the aluminized coating. The micro-structural changes that occurred in both coated and uncoated samples were examined. It was found that coated samples showed superior performance against high-temperature oxidation, as compared to the uncoated samples. The coated samples revealed uniform and adherent oxidized layer, as compared to the uncoated samples. The oxidation behavior and multilayered microstructural morphology observed in the coated samples can be attributed to the interdiffusion and variation in kinetics of oxidation.     

渗Al碳钢在高温精制环烷酸介质中的腐蚀行为

研究了固体渗Al碳钢在高温精制环烷酸中的腐蚀行为 ，并评价了渗Al层对碳钢抗环烷酸腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明：腐蚀初期，渗Al碳钢显示出 较好的抗蚀性能；但延长腐蚀时间，其抗蚀性能显著恶化，渗Al层以台阶方式逐层剥落.渗 Al碳钢表面氧化膜及Fe-Al合金层在精制环烷酸介质中的不稳定性是导致涂层抗蚀性能恶化 的主要原因.     

石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜层结构与性能的影响

目的研究石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金耐磨耐蚀性的影响,为铝合金表面微弧氧化处理技术在油气领域的应用提供理论依据。方法利用微弧氧化技术在含与不含石墨烯的电解液中在D16T铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层,采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了膜层相结构和表面形貌,测试了膜层的粗糙度和显微硬度,通过摩擦磨损和电化学实验研究了石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果微弧氧化膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,石墨烯的添加使Al2O3相的衍射峰值和衍射峰的数量增加,Al衍射峰明显降低;膜层表面平整,表面熔融颗粒较少,表面有大块团聚物堆积。膜层由外部疏松层和内部致密层组成,疏松层微孔数量和微裂纹较少,膜层厚度稍有增加,致密层厚度由不含石墨烯时的0.6μm增至1.6μm。含石墨烯的膜层容抗弧半径明显增加,Bode图中低频阻抗值由5×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至106Ω·cm^2,疏松层电阻由1.57×10^5Ω·cm^2增至1.98×10^5Ω·cm^2,致密层电阻由3.07×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至1.24×106Ω·cm^2;膜层自腐蚀电位由-0.53 V提高至-0.41 V,自腐蚀电流密度由3.15×10^-7 A/cm^2降低至3.97×10^-8 A/cm^2;膜层质量磨损量明显降低,摩擦系数减小,耐磨性增加。结论石墨烯纳米片通过放电通道进入膜层填充膜层中的孔和裂纹,部分石墨烯形成团状覆于膜层表面,使膜层更加平整、致密,膜厚增加,膜层耐磨性和耐蚀性得到明显提升。     

Ti_3Al量金属间合金渗铝涂层及其高温氧化行为

本工作研究了两种Ti_3Al(α_2基)金属间合金(Ti22Al-2Mn,Ti26Al-4Nb)粉末包装渗铝涂层及其900℃恒温与循环氧化行为。通过渗铝处理,在合金表面可获得与基体结合良好的TiAl_3涂层,以NH_4F作活化剂,经800℃,2h渗铝后,含Mn合金上的渗铝层界面平直,厚度均匀,约3μpm厚。在相同条件下,含Nb合金上的渗层界面呈波浪形,厚度不均匀。两种合金上的渗铝层都存在贯穿裂缝。经900℃恒温与循环氧化实验测定了渗铝与未渗铝合金的氧化动力学,渗铝后合金的抗氧化性能显著提高,讨论了渗铝层的     

Improvement of 9% Ferritic Steel Against Cyclic Oxidation by CVD-FBR Al–Mn Coating

Cyclic-oxidation tests were performed on uncoated and Al–Mn coated P92 stainless steels in air at 650 °C. SEM and X-ray analyses revealed the formation of iron–chromium spinel, magnetite and hematite on uncoated steel, which spalled dramatically. The aluminized substrate promoted the formation of a continuous, adherent alpha-alumina scale. The formation of this protective alumina layer depended mainly on the characteristics of the initial aluminide coating. A coating with high aluminum content allowed the formation of an alumina oxide, which cracked easily during thermal cycling. The improvement of the cyclic-oxidation resistance was provided by the alumina scale obtained on the coating with lower Al content. COSP modeling showed good performance by surface coating. Aluminum coating is able to extend metal life by the delaying time to reach crossover.     

A study on the microstructure and cyclic oxidation behavior of the pack aluminized Hastelloy X at 1100 °C

A pack aluminizing process at 950 °C for 9 h has been employed on the nickel-base superalloy Hastelloy X to deposit a 75 μm thick β-NiAl aluminide layer on the surface. A nanoscale dendritic structure is observed on the surface of the aluminide coating. A finger-like interdiffusion zone is found between the aluminide layer and the substrate. Fine precipitates with complex phases are distributed in the NiAl layer. The cyclic oxidation tests of aluminized alloys and untreated substrates were conducted at 1100 °C for 196 h. It was observed that the aluminizing process greatly enhances the cyclic oxidation resistance of Hastelloy X at 1100 °C due to a dense and protective alumina layer formed on the surface. Complex phase transformation reactions occurred in the aluminide layer. Owing to the oxidation and interdiffusion reactions at high temperature, the Al content of the NiAl layer was depleted to form some low Al containing γ-substrate grains on the surface and a continuous γ layer between the aluminide layer and substrate. Thermal stress induced, transverse cracks in the interdiffusion zone, were observed possibly due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients among the substrate, aluminide layer and interdiffusion zone.     

稀土对渗铝层/基体界面空洞生长和抗高温剥落性能的影响

通过高温氧化实验以及测量空洞平均直径和形核数量随氧化时间的变化,研究稀土对渗铝层抗高温剥落性能和渗铝层/基体界面空洞生长的影响,并与渗纯铝试样进行了比较.结果表明:渗铝层/基体界面空洞的生长可划分为快速生长和稳定生长两个阶段;但当渗稀土铝后,空洞生长速度比渗纯铝试样降低约1/3;稀土可抑制界面空洞的形核和生长,阻止空洞聚集成波浪线状空洞带和线状裂纹,提高渗铝钢的抗高温剥落性能;热浸镀稀土铝后,试样表面自由铝层减薄,从而降低了高温下渗铝层/基体界面铝的浓度梯度,这是稀土抑制空洞形核和生长的主要原因.     

An Al+Y Coating Process for Improvement of the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of a TiAl Alloy

An Al+Y codeposition by a single EB–PVD process has been developed to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of a TiAl alloy. The Al+Y codeposited TiAl alloy with various ratios of Al and Y evaporation sources was evaluated by isothermal and cyclic-oxidation tests. The coating layer has a composition gradient because of the difference in vapor pressure between Y and Al. The oxidation resistance can be extensively improved by the formation of an Al+Y codeposition layer and it depends on the ratio of the source material of Al and Y. The best oxidation resistance was obtained from the Al+Y codeposited TiAl alloy with a ratio of Al:2Y. With the proper ratio of Al:Y, the Al+Y codeposition coating forms two layers of the oxides during high-temperature oxidation+the outer (Y, Al)O layer and the inner Al₂O₃ layer, containing small amounts of Y oxide. These oxide layers, which have a fine grain size, act as a diffusion barrier, thus suppressing the rate of inward diffusion of O and may readily relieve thermal stresses.     

45#钢Cr-N包埋共渗涂层的组织特征及形成机理

目的研究在45~#钢表面包埋共渗沉积Cr_2N涂层提高其耐蚀性的可行性。方法采用包渗法,对在1100℃下保温不同时间,得到不同时期的氮铬共渗涂层。利用扫描电镜及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪研究氮铬共渗层的微观组织及其生长机制,利用极化曲线评估涂层耐蚀性能。结果 45~#钢氮铬包埋共渗在保温4 h时可获得最佳涂层,涂层组织为Cr_2N层(约15μm)、Cr的沉积层(约10μm)、Cr的扩散层(约15μm)。Cr_2N层呈现强烈的(002)晶面择优取向;Cr沉积层为Fe-Cr合金及铬的碳化物相(Cr_7C_3,Cr_3C_2)。在模拟燃料电池腐蚀液中,45~#钢、45涂层样品、304不锈钢自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流分别为-0.521 V和230.63μA·cm~(-2),-0.448 V和10.89μA·cm~(-2),-0.299 V和5.26μA·cm~(-2)。当腐蚀电位高于0.3 V时,涂层样品会二次钝化,腐蚀电流低至1.43μA·cm~(-2)。结论沉积Cr_2N的45~#钢样品相对原样其耐蚀性有很大提高,并且当腐蚀电位达到0.3 V以上时,其耐蚀性能优于304不锈钢。     

Oxidation resistance of refractory γ-TiAlW coatings

The resistance to oxidation of the W-alloyed magnetron sputtered γ-TiAl fine-crystalline 4 μm thick coatings have were investigated in this work. The oxidation tests were performed in an atmosphere of pure oxygen or in the air at a temperature of 1173 K for 120 h. The resistance to high-temperature oxidation was investigated by means of micro-thermogravimetric analysis with continuous or stepwise control of the substrate weight. Before and after the oxidation the morphology of the coatings as well as their chemical and phase composition were investigated by SEM, EDS and EBSD, respectively. The results have been compared with those obtained for the uncoated γ-TiAl substrate.It was found that: (1) the W-alloyed γ-TiAl coatings have a considerably higher oxidation resistance (about four orders of magnitude) than the uncoated γ-TiAl substrates and that their resistance to oxidation increases with the concentration of alloying element in the range of the concentrations investigated in the work; (2) the high resistance to oxidation of the coatings is a result of the thin α-Al₂O₃ layer formation on the surface of the substrate during oxidation; (3) the formation of dense and uniform α-Al₂O₃ layer on the coating surface is due to a fine-crystalline structure of the magnetron deposited γ-TiAlW coating.     

Complex Boronized Layer on the Hot-dip Aluminized Steels and Its Surface Performances

DIFFUSION treatment could eliminate the porous inthe hot-dipped aluminum layers and promote thecombination of the profile with the matrix.On the otherhand,boron atoms could decrease the brittleness of theferro-aluminum alloyed layer.More luckily,thetemperature range for boronizing is consistent with thatfor diffusion treatment.Therefore,complex boronizingwas carried out on the hot-dip aluminized steels bydiffusion-treating at high temperature in order to furtherraise wear-resistance,anti-ox…     

电弧离子镀和高功率脉冲磁控溅射AlTiN涂层及其切削性能研究

目的 比较两种沉积方法制备的AlTiN涂层的切削性能.方法 利用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术(HiPIMS)和电弧离子镀技术(AIP),在硬质合金车刀片上沉积AlTiN涂层,比较和研究两种AlTiN涂层的组织形貌特性及综合性能.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱仪,观察和检测涂层的生长形貌和元素含量.采用激光共聚焦扫描显微...