新型螺杆挤出机固体输送理论的研究

介绍了一种嵌套式新型螺杆挤出机。在固体输送段对内螺杆的两种等效情况下固体塞的运动和受力作了深入分析。理论上证明了这两种情况下的固体输送机理与外螺杆的情况相同,均建立在固体摩擦输送机理基础之上;讨论了牵引角、摩擦因数和螺纹升角对上述三种情况固体输送流率的影响。结果表明,螺杆旋转机筒静止和螺杆静止机筒旋转两种情况下固体输送流率相差不大,而螺杆机筒同时旋转情况下的固体输送流率远大于其他两种情况。增大牵引角、降低螺杆表面粗糙度和提高机筒内表面的摩擦因数均有助于提高固体输送流率。螺杆旋转机筒静止和螺杆静止机筒旋转这两种情况下最佳螺旋角均为17°左右,而螺杆机筒同时旋转情况下最佳螺旋角为15°左右。     

同向旋转三螺杆挤出机固体输送段输送特性研究

基于离散元法分别对同向旋转的三螺杆以及双螺杆挤出机固体输送行为进行仿真模拟,对三螺杆挤出机颗粒速度分布以及受力分布进行分析,将三螺杆和双螺杆挤出机颗粒填充效率、输送质量以及质量流率进行对比分析.结果表明,位于螺棱和机筒附近位置的颗粒受到螺棱推力及机筒摩擦力影响较大,具有较高的速度;挤出机内部各区域颗粒填充顺序受螺杆旋转...     

沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机固体输送产量的粒径模型研究

在分析机筒衬套沟槽槽深、螺杆螺槽槽深和加工物料粒径关系的基础上,建立了沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机3种常见的固体输送段产量粒径模型,该模型可用于研究机筒衬套沟槽槽深、螺杆螺槽槽深和颗粒物料粒径对固体输送机理的影响并定量计算沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机固体输送段产量。此外,通过不同的机筒和螺杆组合及不同粒径的原料在自制的在线模拟试验机上对该模型进行了验证和试验分析。     

沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化特性的实验研究

采用剖分式机筒单螺杆挤出机实验平台,对熔融段沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化过程中熔融起始点、熔融长度、熔体温度/压力等塑化性能及产量进行了实验研究,比较了不同物料在不同工艺条件下对沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化特性的影响。结果表明,增大螺杆转速或提高机筒温度,塑化过程实际所需熔融长度增加,但对熔融起始点影响不大;熔融段机筒沟槽内熔体温度和熔体压力随螺杆转速增大无明显变化;随螺杆转速增大,沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机挤出产量呈线性增加,表现出良好的挤出特性。     

机筒沟槽和螺杆螺槽耦合作用下的熔融理论研究

对固体输送段和熔融段机筒开设螺旋沟槽的单螺杆挤出机,构建了基于反压缩比分离型螺杆和正压缩比沟槽机筒的耦合双槽熔融模型,并通过液压剖分式单螺杆挤出机实验平台对耦合双槽熔融模型进行了验证。结果表明:对于沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机,利用熔融段沟槽固体塞和螺杆螺槽固体塞在机筒沟槽和螺杆螺槽界面处发生层间剪切产生的大量内摩擦热来实现物料的高效熔融是可行的;实验结果和理论模型相一致;螺杆转速对熔融长度影响不大,而螺杆结构参数则对其影响较大。     

螺旋沟槽单螺杆挤出机双螺棱推动理论模型的研究

通过在单螺杆挤出机固体输送段机筒内壁开设螺旋沟槽,建立了将机筒与螺杆视为一个对物料协同作用的整体的新型物理模型——弧板模型;同时将嵌入机筒沟槽与螺杆螺槽中的物料视为固体塞,提出了新型"双螺棱推动理论",弥补了单螺杆挤出机不能实现正位移输送的传统理论缺陷;最后,通过理论分析确定了螺旋沟槽挤出机由摩擦拖曳输送向正位移输送转换的边界条件方程及正位移输送下沟槽结构参数的设计准则。     

沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机耦合双槽熔融理论研究

利用自制的液压剖分式沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机实验平台,研究了沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机的熔融长度和螺杆转速的关系,实验验证了单螺杆挤出机固体输送段和熔融段机筒均开设沟槽的耦合双槽熔融理论。结果表明,与传统光滑机筒单螺杆挤出机和IKV单螺杆挤出机相比,在熔融段机筒开设沟槽的单螺杆挤出机的熔融长度较短且熔融过程比较稳定,熔融效率得到较大提高。     

锥形单螺杆挤出机产量模型分析

锥形螺杆挤出机容易加料,轴向具有压缩效应,可加工粉体或热敏性材料。参考普通单螺杆挤出机经典理论,建立了考虑锥度影响的固体和熔体产量模型及压缩段的熔融模型。分析模型发现,比普通平直螺杆挤出机,固体输送率和熔体输送率有所增加;熔融段长度减小;挤出段产量有波动。     

瞬态熔融理论在单螺杆挤出机中研究进展

总结了瞬态熔融理论的发展历程,并对比了其与螺杆挤出行业中的强制熔体移走的熔融理论。总结了瞬态熔融理论应用于单螺杆挤出机的相关熔融理论的研究,指出将瞬态熔融理论与沟槽机筒和分离型螺杆结合,理论上可提高单螺杆挤出机熔融能力的提升,从而匹配沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机的高固体输送效率,提升单螺杆挤出机的产量和制品质量。     

基于离散元法双螺杆挤出机磨损特性分析

双螺杆挤出机在生产过程中经常会出现螺杆磨损等问题，严重影响了螺杆的使用寿命和聚合物加工的品质。本文采用离散单元法（DEM），结合Archard磨损模型，对同向啮合双螺杆挤出机螺杆磨损进行数值模拟，分析螺杆转速和填充率等因素对双螺杆挤出机磨损特性的影响规律。结果表明，螺杆磨损主要发生在螺棱的顶部区域以及进料口处，在物料进入机筒入口处会发生严重的挤压磨损；随着螺杆转速和填充率的增加，螺杆的磨损程度不断增大；料槽后方输送段的螺杆主要产生横向切削磨损，切向累积能量是导致磨损的关键因素。     

振动力场作用下聚合物熔体单螺杆挤出过程数值模拟

根据塑料电磁动态塑化挤出过程中熔体输送的实际情况，对三维模型进行简化，利用大型有限元软件ANSYS模拟了叠加轴向振动力场作用下聚合物熔体在螺槽中的流动情况，求解出周期性变化的速度，压力场分布，结果表明，与稳态挤出过程相比，振动力场的引入在进出口压力差恒定的情况下，可以提高熔全输送流率。采用有限元模拟方法可以为确定和优化工艺参数，产品质量控制提供指导。     

四螺杆挤出机常规螺纹元件三维流场分析

利用大型有限元软件ANSYS对聚乙烯熔体在四螺杆挤出机常规螺纹元件中的流动情况进行了分析,求出了速度场、压力场、黏度场,对流道的中心区进行了重点分析。计算结果表明:四螺杆的四个啮合区具有较大的压力梯度、速度梯度,其混合性能明显好于双螺杆挤出机。中心区有明显的环流现象,物料在中心区的停留时间较长,中心区物料没有滞留现象。     

Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in a single-screw extruder with different dies

In a plasticating screw extruder, a polymer melt forms in the melting zone of the extruder. Pressurization of the molten polymer takes place in the melting and the metering sections so that the melt can flow through the restricted passage of the die and assume a desired shape. In a melt fed extruder, the throughput is governed by the pressure rise over the entire length of the extruder. The pressure developed in the screw channel may also be employed in rapid filling of molds, such as those in injection molding. When the geometry of the screw, the barrel temperature, and the die are selected, a unique set of operating parameters arise for a particular flow rate or screw speed. In the present study, numerical and analytical methods are used to calculate the transport in the extruder and the pressure drop in the die. An iterative numerical method based on solving the equations of motion and energy in the screw channel and a correction scheme to couple the die with the screw channel is discussed. The numerical algorithm is capable of handling an arbitrary variation of the viscosity of the polymeric fluid with the shear rate and temperature. The results obtained by simulating the fluid flow in the screw channel are compared with available numerical and experimental results in the literature, indicating good agreement. The performance characteristics of the extruder, for chosen thermal boundary conditions and screw geometry, are presented for different die geometries and different fluids. The important considerations that arise in the numerical simulation of the extrusion process are also discussed.     

Analysis of the performance of cooling extruders in thermoplastic foam extrusion

The performance of cooling extruders widely used in thermoplastic foam extrusion was analyzed, by numerically solving the equations of motion and heat transfer. Analysis of cooling extruders does not require a consideration of the melting behavior of polymers, thus simplifying the system equations considerably. The flow geometry analyzed was an unwound screw channel of a single-screw extruder, i.e., a rectangular channel of uniform height followed by diverging and converging sections. Due to the cooling of both the extruder barrel and the screw, the heat transfer equation considered includes the terms describing the convective heat transfer in the down-channel direction and the conductive heat transfer in the cross-channel direction, in addition to the terms describing the viscous shear heating. For the analysis, a power-law model was used as the constitutive rheologlcal equation, describing the viscosities of a mixture of a fluorocarbon blowing agent and a low-density polyethylene melt (or polystyrene melt). The parameters in the Theological model were determined using the data of Han and Ma (13). In obtaining numerical solutions of the equations of motion, an integration method was employed to overcome the problem of numerical instabilities. The present analysis predicts the profiles of developing temperature and velocity in the down-channel direction, and the profiles of temperature, velocity, shear rate, and viscosity in the cross-channel direction. In presenting the results of computer simulation, emphasis is placed on the effects of cooling the extruder barrel and screw on the performance of cooling extruders, in terms of the pressure drops along the extruder axis and the mechanical power consumption. This study provides a rational basis for the design of cooling extruders widely used in thermoplastic foam extrusion and for the selection of optimum extrusion conditions in producing thermoplastic foams.     

LDPE熔体在双螺杆挤出机中流动的有限元分析

利用大型有限元分析软件包ANSYS分析了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)在双螺杆挤出机三头常规螺纹元件中的流动情况,讨论了整个流道的速度分布、压力分布、粘度分布及螺杆挤出特性曲线。计算结果表明：LDPE熔体在双螺杆挤出机中得到了充分的混合。     

Effect of process variables on melt velocity profiles in extrusion process using single screw plastics extruder

Abstract

Single screw extruders are used to generate a continuous flow of molten polymer in many industrial polymer processes. The melt velocity profile as extruded is important in determining the properties of the final product and influences process related phenomena such as die swell and the onset of sharkskin. The factors that influence the velocity profile would be expected to be the melt temperature (this affecting the viscosity of the melt), the screw and die geometry, and the output rate from the extruder. In the present work a thermocouple mesh sensor coupled with a cooled stainless tube has been used to determine velocity profiles in melts exiting from the screw of a single screw extruder. The results show that the technique can be used successfully to determine velocity profiles in the extrusion process.

It was found that the main influence on the magnitude of the melt velocity was the extruder screw speed. Melt temperature, and hence melt viscosity, were found to have little effect on the velocity profiles measured. The flow in the centre of the duct was retarded slightly owing to the flow across the screw tip and no rotational component of flow was observed. The velocity profiles measured seemed to be reasonably stable, only small changes being observed in the velocity profiles as the melt flowed along a duct of uniform cross-section, although these changes were limited in nature. Die diameter and length had a limited effect on the velocity profiles generated, although the die entry angle did have a significant effect on the shape of the velocity profile at higher screw speeds.     

Experimental deep-channel velocity profiles and operating characteristics for a single-screw extruder

Data have been obtained on the operation of a deep-channel single-screw extruder, pumping a Newtonian liquid under isothermal, developed flow conditions. Flow rate, screw speed, and pressure gradient characteristics were measured, and a tracer particle technique was employed to determine channel velocity profiles. The data were required for the testing and development of a computer model for flow in the extruder, which takes into consideration channel curvature. Results confirm the correctness of the computer solutions previously reported.     

聚合物固体粒子在熔体中的流动和传热数值分析

对螺杆挤出机螺槽建立了准三维的流动和传热模型,模拟了聚合物固体粒子在熔体中的流动、受热、温升和熔融行为;采用横纵向截面研究了聚合物固体粒子的速度和温度随时间的变化情况;通过计算得出了固体粒子熔融所需要的时间以及流场总能量增量中外部传热和内部黏性耗散生热所占的百分比。结果表明,机筒传热和黏性耗散对系统能量增加的贡献为3.68∶1。     

Effect of the axial vibration of screw on residence time distribution in single‐screw extruders

An analytic model has been developed to analyze the residence time distribution of melt in the screw channel of the melt conveying section in a novel extruder of which the screw can vibrate axially. A comparison of the residence time distribution of melt in screw channel with and without vibration shows that the residence time of melt increases with the apply of vibration and the larger the vibration frequency and amplitude are, the longer time it will take the melt to travel through the melt conveying section, which is in favor of the improvement of the effect of melt mixing. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:198–204, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Modelling the solids inflow and solids conveying of single-screw extruders using the discrete element method

A new solids-conveying model for the single-screw extruder based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is proposed in this work. The polymer solids are treated as spherical particles moving in a 3-D environment which includes the feed hopper, the solids-inflow zone, and the solids-conveying region of an extruder, without inclusion of the plug flow assumption common to continuum models. Normal and tangential forces resulting from inelastic collisions with neighboring particles and surfaces dictate how each polymer pellet is conveyed through the model extruder. The DEM technique was implemented in this work to allow fundamental study of the local transport phenomena within the screw channel. Reported in this paper are results examining the cross- and down-channel velocity profile of solids in the screw; the residence time distribution; the cross-channel temperature profile; and the coordination number distribution. Two exit conditions were evaluated by the model: i) the open-discharge case where no compaction of the solids occurred; and ii) the restricted case where the axial pressure increased as the solids flowed towards the barrel exit. The predictions of the DEM simulations allowed for detailed observations of the solids movement in the screw, providing insight into the inherent flow fluctuations of extrusion systems.