要更加重视提高商品能源的利用效率

十多年来，农村能源问题从改灶节柴解决缺能人手，成效显著，全国已有1．76亿农户使用省柴节煤炉灶，热效率提高一倍以上，缺柴烧的问题明显缓解。随着农村经济发展，提高商品能源的使用效率，已是当务之急，必须引起各级政府部门的高度重视并加以解决。一、农村地区商品能源消费剧增二十年前，我国农村地区能源用量甚少，严重缺柴人口4．2亿，无电人口更多，达4．5亿以上，当时农村生产只消费约4000万吨标准煤（以下能源单位均为标准煤）的油和电，加上政策允许洪应的少量煤炭取暖、做饭，商品能源总量也只有1亿多吨。改革开放使农村经济有…     

能源讯息集锦

能源讯息集锦一、能源政策概述我国发展风力发电基本政策据中国电力报报道，在今年相当长的一个时期内，我国风能利用的基本政策是：在边远的无电地区连续推广户用微型风力发电机。这是中国发展风电的特色。要以产品质量为重点提高机组性能，降低成本，在现有生产能力的基...     

30kW风－光互补电站

３０ｋＷ风－光互补电站倪受元，许洪华一、前言风能、太阳能都是无污染的、取之不尽用之不竭的可再生能源，“六五”、“七五”期间，小型风电和太阳光电在我国已得到初步应用。这两种发电方式各有其优点，但风能、太阳能都是不稳定、不连续的能源，用于无电网地区，需要...     

中国“光明工程”第一期项目实施计划

实践证明,用风电、光电以及其他可再生能源发电是解决边远无电地区供电问题的有,与延伸电网、柴油机发电相比更经济可行。中国光明工程计划是国家发展计划委员会牵头,旨在利用可再生能源发电解决2300万无电人口的用电问题。本文介绍了中国光明工程的、实施计划。     

太阳能供电的照明系统—阳光电灯

一、前 言 按照原能源部统计,我国目前尚有32个无电县,大都分布在西部与西北部地区,另外在内地山区和沿海岛屿中还有一些无电地区。这些地区往往由于受到地理条件的限制,人口分布密度小、交通不便、经济不发达、缺乏常规燃料,难以用常规能源发电的方法来解决这些地区人民的用电问题。然而,这些地区又往往处于我国太阳能资源丰富的区域。因此,研制和开发太阳能光电系统以解决这些无电地区人民的基本用电,不仅显得十分必要,而且是完全能够实现的。     

西藏双湖25千瓦光伏电站

西藏双湖２５千瓦光伏电站陈东兵，李安定一、西藏能源及电力工业现状位于世界屋脊的西藏自治区总面积１２２．８万平方公里，占我国总面积的八分之一以上。全区人口２１５万，分为６个地区共７６个县。西藏地区辽阔，居住非常分散，并且大部分地区无电。目前全西藏自治区...     

积极有序开发小水电增强我国无电地区供电能力

小水电是国际公认的清洁、可再生能源,具有环保性、经济性、与贫困人口分布同向性及适宜就地供应,使得小水电在解决无电人口用电问题上具有天然优势。针对应用小水电解决无电地区用电,本文提出了相关对策及措施。     

中国光明工程项目背景与计划

实践证明,用风电、光电以及其他可再生能源发电是解决边远无电地区供电问题的有效手段,与延伸电网、柴油机发电相比更经济可行。中国光明工程计划是国家发展计划委员会牵头制订的,旨在利用可再生能源发电解决２３００万无电人口的用电问题。本文详细介绍了中国光明工程的背景、实施计划等。     

止人人享有绿色能源

生活在都市的人们，对电能已经司空见惯，以至于只有当停电的时候才能察觉它的存在，才能体会它的重要性。全国节能宣传周来临之际，本期数说能源将盘点全球无电人口分布，全球各地及中国解决无电问题的思路，以及IEA气对未来无电人口分布的预期。     

西部铁路光伏发电系统的应用及设计

太阳电池作为一种清洁能源越来越多地被世界各国用在各个领域，我国近年在西部无电地区建立了大量的太阳能光伏电站，被广泛应用在通讯、广播、石油运输、公路交通、江河航运等领域。随着国家西部铁路的建设，光伏发电正逐渐显示出它的巨大优势。本文着重论述光伏发电系统在西部铁路建设和运营中的应用。     

Check and evaluation system on heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of china based on multi-index comprehensive evaluation method

Heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China is organized and implemented in a large scale by local government in 15 provinces of North China with the unified guidance and control of central government. Firstly, this paper introduced the target of energy-saving reformation of existing residential buildings in North China and the importance of check and evaluation on this target, then pointed out the necessity of building up an evaluation system for energy-saving retrofit. According to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), three-grade evaluation system was built up for heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China. Also, based on multi-index comprehensive evaluation method combined with life cycle assessment (LCA) theory, post-evaluation thought and successful degree evaluation method, a mathematical model was established. Finally, a set of scientific method for evaluating heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China systematically, scientifically, comprehensively and objectively was created.     

Building energy efficiency in rural China

Rural buildings in China now account for more than half of China's total building energy use. Forty percent of the floorspace in China is in rural villages and towns. Most of these buildings are very energy inefficient, and may struggle to provide for basic needs. They are cold in the winter, and often experience indoor air pollution from fuel use. The Chinese government plans to adopt a voluntary building energy code, or design standard, for rural homes. The goal is to build on China's success with codes in urban areas to improve efficiency and comfort in rural homes. The Chinese government recognizes rural buildings represent a major opportunity for improving national building energy efficiency. The challenges of rural China are also greater than those of urban areas in many ways because of the limited local capacity and low income levels. The Chinese government wants to expand on new programs to subsidize energy efficiency improvements in rural homes to build capacity for larger-scale improvement. This article summarizes the trends and status of rural building energy use in China. It then provides an overview of the new rural building design standard, and describes options and issues to move forward with implementation.     

Preliminary identification of potential markets for off-grid electrification: tool development and a case study of Ghana

With more than one billion people lacking access to electricity in the world, ensuring universal access to electricity by 2030 remains a major challenge which cannot be left to the government initiatives alone. Access to local information and identification of potential areas for investment can be a challenge for investors. This paper provides a tool for preliminary assessment of potential markets for off-grid electrification in developing countries and applies this to Ghana to demonstrate its applicability. A multi-criteria approach is used to rank the districts according to the overall potential and the best markets and least favourable areas for investment are identified. The tool offers flexibility to include new inputs to the analysis and the factor weights can be adjusted as appropriate. The case study shows that the tool can effectively identify potential areas from a list of candidates and offers support to analysts.     

Renewable energy activities in Senegal: a review

Like many countries in Africa, Senegal is facing economical decline, energy crisis and serious desertification problem in rural areas. These issues could be removed if renewable energy is used as a primary source of energy in rural areas. What is required is a strategy to implement renewable energy technologies at large scale. The government and many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have tried to comprehend and have strived to address the problem of energy. This paper presents a review of activities in the field of renewable energy applications in Senegal, which goes back to the mid 1970s and will discuss the socio-economic benefits that the country has derived from these environmentally sound and appropriate sources of energy. The development and trial of systems were mostly funded so far by donor agencies in collaboration with government and NGOs. Among the applications being supported are solar lighting, water pumping and small power plants. Recent efforts have been aimed at restructuring the programmes and giving them a market orientation. Future trends, some suggestions and recommendations for successful dissemination of renewable energy sources are also drawn. The present situation is seen to be much more promising and favourable for renewable energy.     

支持清洁能源发展的财政税收政策建议

根据国际上对清洁能源概念的定义、分类,以及对其基本特征的分析,本文提出了政府支持和促进清洁能源发展的基本思路,重点从促进可再生能源发展、加快核电发展以及支持洁净煤技术发展等3个方面提出了财税政策支持的重点、角度和方案建议。     

The energy policy of the Republic of Cyprus

This paper presents the energy policy of the Republic of Cyprus government controlled areas from 1960 till 2006. It describes the sectors of electricity, petroleum, natural gas and renewable energy sources. It also deals with the marine layers of oil and with environmental aspects.     

城镇化过程中北京市农村能源结构调整路径研究

北京市在城镇化率达到86％的时候,劣质煤炭等低质能源在农村中的比重仍然高达70％以上,这一问题严重影响了北京市大气环境质量和城镇化目标的实现,应高度重视潜在城镇化地区或新型城镇地区的能源结构调整问题.本文提出了应在找到环境利益和农民生活发展利益的结合点、统筹政府职能、加强技术研发和强化宣传的前提下,积极开展农村供暖和炊事清洁化工程,加速农村能源结构调整.     

基于博弈论的电采暖系统应用经济性研究

使用清洁电力代替化石能源燃烧供暖是实现"碳中和"的一个重要方式.若无适宜的商业模式,在一些煤炭资源丰富的地区,将很难推广电采暖替代燃煤供暖系统.首先,本文提出一种清洁电能采暖的商业模式,分析了利益相关者政府、国家电网和热能用户三者之间关于电采暖推广的博弈关系.基于此,提出利益相关者的收益函数并以次作为各自的优化目标,以...     

RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES ON HIGH-EFFICIENCY AMORPHOUS SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

The purpose of this paper is to describe the research in the United States, especially the cofunded government/industry program, on amorphous silicon photovoltaic devices that has been done over the past 10 years, discuss progress achieved, describe the remaining problem areas and the future research program to overcome the remaining problems.     

Photovoltaic applications in Thailand: Twenty years of planning and experience

As at the end of 1996 about 2.5 MWp of PV panels have been installed in Thailand, mostly with Thai government budget. Major applications are publicly funded PV water pumping and battery charging systems in rural areas. A shift to private market applications through roof top grid-connected applications is envisaged in the coming decade.