压气机套装叶轮的三维接触非线性有限元分析

增压器压气机叶轮、轴套和轴采用过盈配合技术联成一体,这是典型的三维多体接触问题。本文以某柴油机涡轮增压器的压气机为例,采用有限元参数二次规划法,并结合多重子结构技术分析求解叶轮与轴套、轴套与轴的三维弹塑性有摩擦接触问题,针对不同的过盈量、摩擦系数和转速进行了大量计算,获得了叶轮、轴套与轴之间接触应力的相应分布规律。分析表明：随着叶轮与轴套间过盈量的增大,轴套的外表面与内表面的接触应力是线性增大的,而且内表面的接触应力增加较为迅速,这对于确定合理过盈量和改进设计具有参考意义。     

齿轮和曲轴配合轴段间过盈联结的有限元分析

通过建立以结构强度限制确定的过盈量为上限和以承受最大扭矩不打滑原则确定的过盈配合量为下限的有限元模型,对齿轮和曲轴配合轴段间的过盈联结进行分析研究,从中找出影响过盈联结接触状态的主要因素,以及过盈量与各影响因素之间的关系。     

Design of packing cup interference fit value of hypercompressors for low density polyethylene production

The hypercompressor is one of the core facilities in low density polyethylene production, with a discharge pressure of approximately 300 MPa. A packing cup is the basic unit of cylinder packing, assembled by the interference fit between an inner cup and an outer cup. Because the shrink-fitting prestresses the packing cup, serious design is needed to gain a favorable stress state, for example, a tri-axial compressive stress state. The traditional method of designing the interference fit value for packing cups depends on the shrink-fit theory for thick-walled cylinder subject to internal and external pressure. According to the traditional method, critical points are at the inner radii of the inner and external cup. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) has been implemented to determine a more accurate stress level of packing cups. Different critical points have been found at the edge of lapped sealing surfaces between two adjacent packing cups. The maximum Von Mises equivalent stress in a packing cup increases after a decline with the rise of the interference fit value. The maximum equivalent stress initially occurs at the bore of the inner cup, then at the edge of lapped mating surfaces, and finally at the bore of the outer cup, as the interference radius increases. The traditional method neglects the influence of axial preloading on the interference mating pressure. As a result, it predicts a lower equivalent stress at the bore of the external cup. A higher interference fit value accepted by the traditional method may not be feasible as it might already make packing cups yield at the edge of mating surfaces or the bore of the external cup. Along with fatigue analysis, the feasible range of interference fit value has been modified by utilizing FEM. The modified range tends to be narrower and safer than the one derived from the traditional method, after getting rid of shrink-fit values that could result in yielding in a real packing cup.     

Subsurface stresses in graded coatings subjected to frictional contact with heat generation

In this article, the thermoelastic contact problem involving a functionally graded coating and a homogenous substrate is considered. Determination of subsurface stresses is highly critical in the design of mechanical assemblages due to fatigue and fracture failures resulting from contact loading. In such contact problems, cracking generally initiates at the locations of high subsurface stresses. The present study proposes a finite element methodology for the computation of subsurface stresses in functionally graded coatings subjected to frictional contact with heat generation. The method developed is based on iterations continued until convergence is observed in the contact zone heat flux values. Presented results illustrate the influences of various geometric and material parameters upon the subsurface stresses.     

小型对置式直线压缩机模拟及实验研究

直线压缩机具有体积小、摩擦力小、效率高以及无油润滑等优点,其小型化设计在微电子冷却及微型空调领域具有重要的发展前景。利用Ansoft Maxwell有限元分析软件建立了动磁式直线电机模型,确定了谐振工况下直线电机结构及性能参数,通过数值积分分析了空载和负载工况下的活塞位移。根据理论分析和模拟,研制了对置式直线压缩机实验样机,压缩机总质量为1.2 kg,总长度为118 mm。实验结果显示：以R134a为制冷剂时,在冷凝压力为0.79 MPa、蒸发压力为0.39 MPa下,制冷量为57.3 W。模拟及实验结果对直线压缩机小型化设计具有参考价值。     

基于静力子结构技术对轮轴接触下车轮的强度分析

利用有限元分析中的静力子结构技术,在考虑轮轴过盈配合接触非线性情况下,利用有限计算资源,应用有限元方法快速完成车轮的强度分析。计算结果表明,采用此方法可以更加真实而准确地反映车轮在多载荷工况下的应力分布。     

New response surface model and its applications in aerodynamic optimization of axial compressor blade profile

A parametric method for the axial compressor 2D blade profiles is proposed in which the blade geometries are defined with the parameters commonly used for blade definition, which ensures that the geometric significance is clear and an unreasonable blade profile is not generated. Several illustrations are presented to show the fitting precision of the method. A novel response surface model is proposed which regards the objective distribution function in the vicinity of a sample as normal school, and then generates the response surface function in the whole design space by a linear combination of distribution functions of all the samples. Based on this model, a numerical aerodynamic optimization platform for the axial compressor 2D blade profiles is developed, by which aerodynamic optimization of two compressor blade profiles are presented. __________ Translated from Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2007, 28(4): 813–820 [译自: 航空学报]     

Effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous heating on rotating shrink fits with annular inclusion and functionally graded hub

Abstract

For given geometrical properties of a shrink fit, the interface pressure is decisive for reliable operation and should stay as large as possible during operation. Using an appropriate functionally graded material for the hub facilitates a less decreasing interface pressure with increasing angular speed and, moreover, substantial weight-reduction. However, temperature cycles may influence the interface pressure considerably, and if partial plastification occurs, even a permanent decrease may result. These issues are discussed by analytical means, and both homogeneous and inhomogeneous temperature fields in an initially elastic shrink fit with hollow steel inclusion and steel-aluminum FGM-hub are considered.     

基于载荷-强度干涉理论的压气机可靠性模型分析

本文首先介绍了载荷一强度干涉理论和串联系统的独立系统可靠性模型、相关系统可靠性模型和次序统计量模型,然后通过假定压气机各级的分布函数,分别建立了压气机的三种可靠性模型,得到了压气机可靠性随其级数的变化关系,结果显示相关系统可靠性模型和次序统计量模型优于独立系统可靠性模型。     

1100MW核电发电机转子长、短护环结构计算及比较分析

1 100 MW核电发电机是未来几年发展的主力机型,转子作为发电机中最关键的零部件,其运行时承受巨大的离心应力(本身旋转)和短路力矩(来自于电网)的作用,直接影响到发电机的安全运行;护环是汽轮发电机转子中承受应力最大的一个部件,为确保护环在运行中安全可靠,有必要对其在各种状态下的应力进行分析。主要通过ANSYS对1 100 MW级核电汽轮发电机的护环装配进行机械计算,对长搭接护环、短搭接护环进行计算和比较分析,并选取合适的过盈量以使得护环装配体中的各部件能满足设计要求,根据分析结果优化选择护环设计结构。     

Inverse heat transfer problem of thermal contact conductance estimation in periodically contacting surfaces

The problems involving periodic contacting surfaces have different practical applications. An inverse heat conduction problem for estimating the periodic Thermal Contact Conductance (TCC) between one-dimensional, constant property contacting solids has been investigated with conjugate gradient method (CGM) of function estimation. This method converges very rapidly and is not so sensitive to the measurement errors. The advantage of the present method is that no a priori information is needed on the variation of the unknown quantities, since the solution automatically determines the functional form over the specified domain. A simple, straight forward technique is utilized to solve the direct, sensitivity and adjoint problems, in order to overcome the difficulties associated with numerical methods. Two general classes of results, the results obtained by applying inexact simulated measured data and the results obtained by using data taken from an actual experiment are presented. In addition, extrapolation method is applied to obtain actual results. Generally, the present method effectively improves the exact TCC when exact and inexact simulated measurements input to the analysis. Furthermore, the results obtained with CGM and the extrapolation results are in agreement and the little deviations can be negligible.     

小湾水电站弧形工作闸门轴铰接触分析

针对三维有初始间隙的弹性摩擦接触问题,采用新的接触算法——有限元混合法对小湾水电站底孔弧形工作闸门支铰进行接触分析。计算结果表明,虽然支铰个别点的最大压应力超过了局部承压容许应力,但由于该处基本处于三向受压状态,最大剪应力小于抗剪容许应力并不会导致屈服破坏,因此小湾水电站底孔弧形工作闸门支铰的强度满足要求。     

双节点单元和接触算法分析带缝大坝性态

探讨了如何利用双节点单元实现对混凝土大坝裂缝的长、宽、高等几何形态进行模拟;采用接触算法实现了对带缝大坝裂缝的物理特性模拟;结合实例,研究了此方法在裂缝的成因分析、影响因素以及预测裂缝发展等方面的应用。     

Long‐term contact fatigue analysis of a planetary bearing in a land‐based wind turbine drivetrain

This paper presents an approach for performing a long‐term fatigue analysis of rolling element bearings in wind turbine gearboxes. Multilevel integrated analyses were performed using the aeroservoelastic code HAWC2, the multibody dynamics code SIMPACK, the three‐dimensional finite element code Calyx and a simplified lifetime prediction model for rolling contact fatigue. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's 750 kW wind turbine and its planetary bearing were studied. Design load cases, including normal production, parked and transient load cases, were considered. To obtain the internal bearing load distribution, an advanced approach combining a finite element/contact mechanics model and a response surface model were used. In addition, a traditional approach, the Harris model, was also applied for comparison. The long‐term probability distribution of the bearing raceway contact pressure range was then obtained using Weibull and generalized Gamma distribution functions. Finally, we estimated the fatigue life of the bearing, discussed the differences of the methods used to obtain the bearing internal loads and analyzed the effects of the environmental conditions and load cases on the results. The Harris model may underestimate the inner raceway life by 55.7%, which can cause large load fluctuations along the raceways. The bearing fatigue life is very sensitive to the wind distribution and less affected by the transient and parked load cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽轮机套装叶轮接触问题的三维有限元分析

运用有限元分析软件SAMCEF,对某型号汽轮机套装叶轮与轴的过盈配合问题作三维模型计算分析,计算中采用接触单元处理过盈配合边界,得到了转子位移和应力分布,并对原来的过盈量设计进行了优化改进,在保证安全性的前提下减小了轮盘的接触应力。     

某发电机前联轴器与轴连接结构应力的有限元分析

某600MW发电机前联轴器与轴过盈连接结构体在运行期间出现了多处裂纹.采用线弹性有限元法,对该结构体进行了应力计算.计算考虑了多种过盈量和多种载荷,得到了该结构体相应工况下的应力分布,分析了此结构在运行状态下的受力特点及应力分布规律,探讨了产生裂纹的原因.可为此类联轴器与转轴连接结构的强度设计提供参考.     

观音岩电站厂坝静力接触分析

针对三维有初始间隙的接触问题,采用新的接触算法——有限元混合法研究了观音岩水电站混凝土坝和坝后式厂房在上下游水荷载作用下的相互作用。根据坝体和厂房之间不同分缝宽度和分缝高度的计算结果,得出了分缝大小对坝体、厂房变形和应力的影响,为结构分缝设置和安全性评价提供了依据。     

涡轮盘-片耦合场及接触问题建模与分析的新方法

针对某燃气轮机盘-片,运用存储与导入的思想提出了一套耦合场及接触问题的建模和分析的新方法。文中采用PRO／E建立了轮盘和叶片的三维实体模型,并结合ANSYS软件建立了其耦合场及接触有限元模型,详细介绍了该问题的有限元分析方法。文章最后给出了算例,其分析结果证明了文中的建模及分析方法是较好的适合工程应用的新方法。     

离心压缩机进口导叶叶型的进一步研究

为提高离心压缩机进口导叶的质量流量调节能力,以原研究成果为基础对导叶叶型做进一步研究。通过数值模拟计算,对不同厚度弯叶型和不同弯度位置导叶的质量流量调节能力进行对比分析。结果表明,虽然减小弯叶型的厚度可扩大其质量流量调节范围,却增加了流动损失,使压缩机效率下降;将弯叶型最大挠度位置向后移,可有效提高导叶的质量流量调节能力,且其产生的损失对压缩机性能影响不大。最终选择出适合于导叶进行质量流量调节的最佳叶型,减少了压缩气体的排空浪费。     

小湾水电站事故链轮门轮轨接触分析

采用有限元混合法对5 000 kN级的小湾水电站事故链轮门轮轨接触问题进行了分析。首先给出三维有初始间隙摩擦接触问题的力学模型,推导出相应的有限元方程,然后给出迭代求解步骤。计算结果表明,虽然表面接触点的最大压应力大大超出容许压应力,但由于接触区域附近处于三向受压状态,最大剪应力发生在表面接触点以下3.4 mm,不会引起表面的屈服破坏,辊轮的承载能力可以进一步提高,有一定的强度富裕空间。