木质素改性热塑性酚醛树脂的研究进展

木质素是自然界重要的天然酚类化合物,在一定条件下可以部分替代苯酚参与甲醛的加成缩聚反应,但木质素极低的反应活性限制了其工业化应用。随着化石资源的日趋枯竭,木质素在酚醛树脂中的应用受到越来越多的重视。文章综述了目前木质素改性热塑性酚醛树脂的主要方式,以及木质素在酚醛模塑料中的应用情况,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

过氧化氢改性生物炭对四环素的吸附效果评价

以沼渣为对象,用过氧化氢进行改性,制备生物炭.考察溶液pH、改性生物炭添加量等因素对四环素去除效果的影响.实验结果表明,在pH=3时对四环素达到最高去除率,选择6 g/L～8 g/L之间作为合适的过氧化氢改性生物炭添加比例能取得较好的吸附效果.     

基于元素富集理论的烟煤掺烧灰渣防结焦试验研究

为实现对目前燃煤掺配中防结焦必不可少的高价格、低挥发分、低热值广旺煤的部分或全部替代,基于元素富集理论,利用煤灰改性手段,通过向现有主力煤种中掺入部分灰渣代替广旺煤的形式进行基础研究、锅炉设备与燃用煤种的适应性分析、锅炉掺烧灰渣的实炉试验,寻求最优的掺配方式及掺配比例,最终达到锅炉防结焦的要求。通过灰渣掺烧试验,优选了适合本锅炉的灰渣掺烧方式,即新疆煤65%+宁夏煤30%+灰渣5%和新疆煤60%+宁夏煤30%+灰渣10%,在双磨运行时锅炉效率可达93.4%以上,制粉系统、汽水参数、NO_x、SO₂、粉尘浓度等指标均正常,结渣较轻,基本实现了对广旺煤的部分替代。     

白松木成型燃料热解焦油用于合成酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研究

采用简单蒸馏法获得木焦油中170~220℃的馏分。采用气质联用仪(GC/MS)对馏分成分进行分析,确定32种化合物,约占总木焦油量的97%,其中酚类化合物的总相对含量为79.57%。用木焦油部分替代苯酚合成酚醛树脂胶粘剂,采用NaOH催化法,对焦油替代量、反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数进行正交试验,确定最佳工艺条件,制得的酚醛树脂胶的性能符合GB/T 14732-2006要求,胶合强度为1.79 MPa。在实验条件下,随着焦油替代量的增加酚醛树脂中的游离酚逐渐下降,游离醛随之增高。     

壬基酚市场研究报告

壬基酚是重要的化工产品，对国内外壬基酚的需求及生产情况，进行调查、研究，可以充分掌握壬基酚的需求、变化规律，便于调查壬基酚的生产。     

空心微珠疏油改性及其在抗烧蛋白泡沫中的应用(英文)

用含氟硅烷偶联剂对空心微珠进行了疏油改性处理,通过接触角变化评价其疏油改性效果.结果表明,疏油改性处理后,空心微珠与煤油的接触角可达118°.向蛋白泡沫灭火剂中添加疏油改性空心微珠之后,三相泡沫内部可形成稳定的骨架结构,有效屏蔽了热辐射向内层的传递,显著增强了泡沫在油面的稳定和抗烧性能,该方法有望用于油品火灾的扑救.     

泡沫铜多孔材料的液体渗透特性研究

目前对波形板汽−水分离装置的研究多集中于结构参数和入口参数的分析,而从其材料特性角度探讨提高分离效果的研究鲜有报道。以去离子水为介质,探讨了泡沫铜多孔材料孔隙率、有效半径以及浸润性对其渗透特性的影响。将修正后的弯毛细管模型与达西定律相结合,建立了泡沫铜渗透率、孔隙率以及有效半径之间的定性关系,即随着泡沫铜孔隙率和有效半径的增加,其渗透性能逐渐增强,这一结论与实验结果符合良好。此外,通过对泡沫铜材料进行浸润改性,分析了浸润性对其渗透性能的影响,结果发现,随着表面能的提高,泡沫铜的渗透性能逐渐增强。     

可见光响应型改性纳米二氧化钛催化降解生物质气化洗焦废水

制备了可见光响应型改性纳米二氧化钛催化剂,用于处理生物质气化洗焦废水,考察了催化剂改性方式对苯酚和洗焦废水COD去除的影响。实验结果表明：以Ag-C/TiO2为催化剂,在可见光下照射10 h,苯酚的COD去除率可达43.5%,洗焦废水的COD去除率达26.8%;在太阳光下照射36 h,洗焦废水的COD去除率达到90.9%。改性纳米Ag-C/TiO2催化剂在可见光下具有良好的催化活性,对洗焦废水有较好的处理效果。     

石油焦在旋风预燃室内燃烧的试验研究

研究工作着眼于利用石油焦作为燃油锅炉的替代燃料。内容包括2个部分：第一部分研究了石油焦的基本性能及其着火燃烧特性，以及为满足用户特殊要求而开发的旋风预燃室建立了热态试验装置，进行了燃烧石油焦粉的一系列试验；第二部分为在同一预燃室内对燃烧水-石油焦浆进行的试验研究，研究了水-焦浆流动特性合理配比以及水-焦浆在燃烧室内的燃烧情况。并对燃烧室特性、试验结果进行了分析。试验显示该预燃室能够在较低的预热空气温度下成功地燃烧石油焦粉，稍作改动后又能成功地燃烧水-石油焦浆。试验结果对利用石油焦作为锅炉替代燃料具有参考价值。     

垃圾填埋场防渗墙变形数值分析

为了研究以聚乙烯醇改性粘土基浆材为主要材料的垃圾填埋场防渗墙在实际应用中的变形规律,以室内实体模型为对比参照,根据实体模型的材料参数,采用有限元分析软件对用聚乙烯醇改性防渗浆材浇筑而成的防渗墙进行建模与分析,并比较了数值模拟结果与试验结果。结果表明,墙体水平位移自墙顶向下逐渐减小,未出现反向位移,水平位移近似于线性变化;墙体主应力小于浆材的极限耐受值,且无拉应力的出现,具有良好的变形协调性;计算值与模拟值变化趋势相近且差异较小,计算结果具有合理性,说明防渗墙的应力应变能够满足垃圾填埋场实际应用的要求。     

Enhanced phenol degradation using an immobilized highly efficient degrading fungus on a new porous adsorption material

A highly efficient phenol degradation fungus, named as WJ-1, is segregated from activated sludge and classified as the strain of Candida tropicalis. The phenol degradation performance of the strain WJ-1 and its immobilization on the porous adsorption material (PAM), are systemically studied. The degradation results show that the strain could use phenol as the sole carbon source below 2000 mg/L of the phenol concentration. In the 1000 mg/L phenol solution, phenol could be completely degraded using the strain during 56 h under the optimum phenol degradation conditions, as follows: pH of 7.0, temperature of 30°C, the volumes of bacterial suspension of 30 mL (cells concentration of 4.5 × 10¹⁰/mL), and shaking speed of 180 rev/min. Under these conditions, phenol can be entirely degraded by the immobilized strain on the surface of PAM during 44 h with the dosage of PAM 45 g/L.     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚和氯代苯酚的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜,研究了初始浓度、pH和外加H2O2对TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚、对氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2薄膜对于苯酚和氯代苯酚均有较高的光催化活性,相同条件下,2,4-二氯苯酚的光催化降解速率＞4-氯苯酚＞苯酚.在本实验条件下,随着反应物初始浓度的升高,相同时间内,苯酚和氯代苯酚的降解效率均逐渐降低.在中性条件下,苯酚和氯代苯酚的光催化反应速率均强于酸性条件下,其中pH对苯酚光催化降解的影响幅度最大.适量的H2O2有助于提高苯酚和氯代苯酚光催化降解速率.     

Immobilization of Heavy Metals and Phenol on Altered Bituminous Coals

Abstract

This article evaluates adsorption ability of the altered bituminous coals to remove heavy metals and/or phenol from aqueous solutions. As for heavy metals, copper (II), cadmium (II) and lead (II) cations were used. In addition to phenol, cyclohexanol and 2-cyclohexen-1-ol were also examined. Adsorption experiments were conducted in the batch mode at room temperature and at pH 3 and 5. To characterize the texture of coal samples, adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at ?196°C, enthalpies of the immersion in water, and pH values in aqueous dispersions were measured. Coal hydrogen aromaticities were evaluated from the infrared spectrometric examinations (DRIFTS). Based on the investigations performed, cation exchange was confirmed as the principal mechanism to immobilize heavy metallic ions on coals. However, apart from carboxylic groups, other functionalities (hydroxyl groups) were found to be involved in the adsorption process. During adsorption of phenol, π-π interactions between π-electrons of phenol and aromatic rings of coal proved to play the important role; however, no distinct correlation between adsorption capacities for phenol and hydrogen aromaticities of the coal was found. Probable involvement of oxygenated surface groups in the immobilization of phenol on coal was deduced. As a result, for waste water treatment, oxidative altered bituminous coal can be recommended as a suitable precursor, with the largest immobilization capacities both for metallic ions and phenol, as found in the studied samples.     

溶剂脱酚装置处理焦化废水的应用

溶剂脱酚法是一种有效的废水脱酚方法.采用溶剂脱酚法处理焦化废水,对后续废水处理装置具有很好的预处理效果.溶剂脱酚法能够有效回收废水中的酚,不但具有显著的环境效益,而且能产生一定的经济效益.针对采用溶剂脱酚装置处理焦化废水的效果和运行状况进行了阐述,描述了溶剂脱酚装置的工艺流程和运行参数.实践表明:溶剂脱酚装置是处理焦化废水中含酚的可行方法,将溶剂脱酚装置作为焦化废水处理的一道工序具有良好的推广价值.     

Removal of Phenol Using TDTAB- and HDTAB-Bentonites

Abstract

In this study, the use of modified bentonites for the removal of phenol was investigated. Two alkylammonium derivatives, tetradecyl trimethyl bromide (TDTAB) and hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTAB), were used in the modification in amounts equivalent to 100% of CEC. Crude and modified bentonites were subjected to XRD analyses to see the changes in basal spacing (d _L ) depending on modification. The increases observed in basal spacing are 8.93 Å and 8.55 Å for TDTAB- and HDTAB-bentonites, respectively. Batch adsorption studies were carried at pH of 5.5 and 20°C. Adsorption isotherms of TDTAB- and HDTAB-bentonites have similar shape, and two regions are observed in isotherms. Adsorption behavior was modelled using Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Bradley, Halsey, Henderson, Oswin, and Smith equations. The equations fitted better when the isotherm was divided into two concentration ranges. Adsorption efficiencies were defined in terms of relative increase in adsorbed amounts, and HDTAB-bentonite was found to be better.     

Phenol removal and bio-electricity generation using a single-chamber microbial fuel cell in saline and increased-temperature condition

In this study, a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) was used to simultaneously remove 300 mg/l phenol and generate bio-electricity. During the tests, temperature and salt content were increased from 25 to 45°C and from 0.5 to 2% (w/v), respectively. The results show that at 45°C, the removal rate increased 4 and 5%, respectively; meanwhile, power density peak increased from 34 to 43 mW/m². Phenol removal rate increased 4% by adding 0.5% salt. The power density peak increased greatly to 45 mW/m² after adding 1% salt to the anolyte. Initial phenol concentration was consistent for all tests and cycles for 72 h. The study demonstrates that this method can be used to remove phenol and generate bio-electricity in different conditions.     

酚二磺酸分光光度法测定硝酸盐氮常见影响因素分析及调控

酚二磺酸分光光度法是测定硝酸盐氮常用的国标方法之一,作为一个条件实脸,很多因素影响着测试结果。着重阐述在测试过程中影响硝酸盐氮测定的一些因素及其控制方法,以期为做好硝酸盐氮测定工作提供参考。     

Surface modification of a natural graphite/phenol formaldehyde composite plate with expanded graphite

Natural graphite/phenol formaldehyde (NG/PF) resin composite plates modified with thin layers of expanded graphite (EG) are fabricated by mold compression to lower the contact resistance between the plates and gas diffusion layers (GDLs). The modification considerably reduces contact resistance versus bare NG/PF plates. The extent of the decrease in contact resistance is influenced by the expanded volume of EG used. A low contact resistance of 1.42 mΩ cm² persists for the EG (150 ml g⁻¹)-modified NG/PF plates despite the PF content, whereas that of bare plates increases from 3.62 to 17.01 mΩ cm² as PF content changes from 5 wt% to 30 wt%. With increasing EG thickness on the surface of NG/PF plates, contact resistance at first decreases and then approaches a constant value when the NG layer exceeds 40 μm. More importantly, the total electrical resistance, as expressed by volume resistance, can be reduced by applying EG layers to NG/PF composite plates. The reduction of total resistance is more remarkable for the composite plates with high PF content because the bulk resistance of the EG layer can be well compensated by the decrease of contact resistance at a proper range of EG layer thickness.     

芬顿的原理与应用

电芬顿作为一种新型电化学氧化技术,由于它在阴极和阳极都能产生羟基自由基(·OH)氧化降解水体中污染物,引起了学者们广泛的关注。针对含苯酚废水来源广、危害大、成分复杂的特点,采用Fenton技术对苯酚废水的处理效果进行了研究,考察了催化剂、氧化剂、粉煤灰的用量和pH值对芬顿试剂氧化苯酚的影响。     

Ceramic and polymeric solid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are important for energy storage in a wide variety of applications including consumer electronics, transportation and large-scale energy production. The performance of lithium-ion batteries depends on the materials used. One critical component is the electrolyte, which is the focus of this paper. In particular, inorganic ceramic and organic polymer solid-electrolyte materials are reviewed. Solid electrolytes provide advantages in terms of simplicity of design and operational safety, but typically have conductivities that are lower than those of organic liquid electrolytes. This paper provides a comparison of the conductivities of solid-electrolyte materials being used or developed for use in lithium-ion batteries.