精轧变形制度对低碳贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

利用500试验轧机和H-800透射电镜,研究了不同变形制度对低碳贝氏体钢性能和组织的影响,结果表明:精轧阶段变形量越大,强度提高越明显;精轧后几道次增加变形量可以细化钢中的贝氏体板条,富铌的碳氮化物(Nb,T(i)C,N)析出更加细小、弥散;随道次变形量的增加,低温冲击韧性改善不明显,但在后几道次增加变形量有利于低温冲击韧性的提高。     

退火工艺对高强细晶IF钢的组织与性能的影响

 本文以新型的含铌高强细晶IF钢为研究对象，在实验室进行了热轧、冷轧以及轧后模拟连续退火实验。通过微观组织观察可以发现化学成分的改善、轧制及退火工艺的控制不仅可以使这种钢具有细小的晶粒，而且存在大量细小的析出物Nb（C、N）；同时晶界附近析出物非常稀少，称之为PFZ带（晶界无析出物区），且仅存在于晶界的一侧。实验结果表明由于Nb系析出物非常细小以及晶粒细化作用使实验钢具有较高强度和良好的延伸率；而PFZ带的存在，这种钢具有较低的屈服强度。与传统的IF 钢相比，实验钢具有晶粒细小、屈强比低、延伸率良好且塑性应变比r值较高的特点。     

冷作硬化非调质钢的连续冷却相变规律

钢的连续冷却相变曲线(CCT)是组织调控的基本依据,为了优化紧固件用冷作硬化非调钢热轧态的组织和力学性能,采用DIL805A相变仪测定了试验钢在0.1～50℃/s不同冷却速率下的热膨胀曲线,结合金相硬度法确定相变类型,并绘制了试验钢的CCT曲线.结果 表明,试验钢马氏体转变点(Ms)为280℃,在不同冷速范围内均有铁素...     

退火温度对441铁素体不锈钢组织性能的影响

为探索超纯铁素体不锈钢热轧板材在退火过程中组织和力学性能的演变,对441进行了900～1 050 ℃的退火试验,利用OM、SEM和TEM表征了441在退火过程中显微组织的变化规律,并通过拉伸试验和冲击试验研究了退火温度对力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着退火温度升高,轧制组织发生再结晶,且晶粒逐渐长大.退火后441热轧板材...     

Effect of N content on microstructure and properties of Nb microalloyed HRB400E rebar

The purpose of this study is to better play the role of N in Nb microalloyed rebars, in order to reduce production costs and provide a theoretical basis for the design of rebars. Using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and mechanical testing machine to carry out microstructure characterization and mechanical performance test of different N content of Nb microalloyed high strength seismic rebars, and explore the effect of N content on the structure and mechanics of Nb microalloyed high strength anti seismic rebars. The results show that the austenite structure during the rolling process decreases with the increase of N content; the final structure is ferrite and pearlite. As the N content increases, the average ferrite grain size and the interlamellar spacing decreases, but the continuity of lamellar pearlite increases. In Nb microalloyed high strength anti seismic rebars, the precipitated phase is Nb(C,N). With the increase of N content, the number of precipitated phase and the second particle volume fraction of precipitation increases, but the particle size decreases accordingly. In terms of mechanical properties, the yield strength gradually increases, and the tensile strength shows a phenomenon of increasing first and then decreasing.     

N含量对Nb微合金化HRB400E钢筋组织与性能的影响

摘要：为了更好地发挥N元素在Nb微合金化钢筋中的作用,降低生产成本以及为钢筋成分设计提供理论依据。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、力学试验机对不同N含量的Nb微合金化高强抗震钢筋进行显微组织表征及力学性能测试,探究N含量对Nb微合金化钢筋的组织与力学性能的影响。研究表明,轧制过程中的奥氏体组织,随着N含量的增加,平均奥氏体晶粒有所减小;最终组织为铁素体和珠光体,随着N含量的增加,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸而减小,片层状珠光体的连续性增加,片层间距减小;析出相Nb(C,N)随着N含量的增大,沉淀析出的第二项颗粒体积分数增大,颗粒尺寸随之减小;在力学性能方面,屈服强度逐渐增加,抗拉强度先增加后减少。     

温度参数对铌微合金高强度结构钢组织性能的影响

通过控轧控冷试验,力学性能检验和组织的光学显微观察,研究了温度参数对铌微合金钢组织性能的影响。结果表明:两阶段控轧及控冷所获晶粒尺寸明显小于常规轧制+快速冷却的晶粒尺寸;随冷却速率的增大或终冷温度的降低或精轧开轧温度的降低,试验钢晶粒细化,混晶程度加重,强度增大,塑性降低;精轧低温开轧利于韧性提高;铁素体混晶可能源于因铸坯中Nb(C,N)的不均匀分布造成的原始奥氏体混晶,粗轧大压缩比轧制可以消除这种混晶现象。     

Physical Metallurgy Guided Machine Learning for Strain-Induced Precipitation of Nb (C,N) Based on the Orthogonalized Small Data

Strain-induced precipitation (SIP) plays an important role in controlling the microstructure and properties of micro-alloyed steels during hot rolling. However, due to lack of systematic experiments, the existing precipitation data are scarce and insufficient for accurate modeling of SIP behavior with good extrapolation. Herein, the data space of Niobium Carbonitride (Nb(C,N)) SIP kinetics is analyzed based on principle of orthogonal design, and the missing points in the orthogonal space are identified and supplemented in addition to the available data. The parameters in models for precipitation start and finish times are optimized by using the precipitation–time–temperature curves through genetic algorithm, and their relationships with compositions and processing conditions are established by support vector machine. Based on the orthogonally modified dataset, the machine learning (ML) models outperform the classical and ML models with the original data in terms of accuracy and are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. By using the new ML modeling, the evolution behavior of Nb (C, N) during hot deformation is predicted and verified with transmission electron microscope, and the influences of Nb content in steel, strain, strain rate, and the sensitivity of compositions and processing conditions on precipitation kinetics are quantitatively analyzed.     

不同相区轧制对螺纹钢组织和性能影响

为了降低螺纹钢生产线坯料的生产成本,通过安装在16号轧机之后的预水冷装置对进入17号轧机的螺纹钢进行不同温度的控制,再经过17号和18号轧机对不同温度的螺纹钢进行轧制。探究了钢坯在不同相区进行轧制时对其组织性能的影响,结果表明,当钢种为HRB400-1NbS(Nb质量分数为0.025%)的螺纹钢在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制时(进入17号轧机的温度为(880±20) ℃),其屈服强度为437 MPa,抗拉强度为595 MPa;当钢种为HRB400-0NbS(Nb质量分数为0.015%)的螺纹钢在两相区轧制时(进入17号轧机的温度为(780±20) ℃),其屈服强度为435 MPa,抗拉强度为605 MPa;两者力学性能相差不大,这是因为HRB400-0NbS钢种在两相区轧制时,其晶粒度/级为10.5,相比HRB400-1NbS钢种在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制时晶粒度/级为9.5更加细小,通过细晶强化弥补了Nb所产出的第二相强化作用,为螺纹钢生产线坯料节约了每吨40~50元的成本。     

Influence of thermomechanical treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HSLA-100 steel plates

The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT), i.e., controlled rolling and direct quenching, as a function of rolling temperature and deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HSLA-100 steel have been studied. The optical microstructure of the direct quenched (DQ) and tempered steel rooled at lower temperatures (800 °C and 900 °C) showed elongated and deformed grains, whereas complete equiaxed grains were visible after rolling at 1000 °C. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) microstructure of the 800 °C rooled DQ steel showed shorter, irregular, and closer martensite laths with extremely fine Cu and Nb(C,N) precipitates after tempering at 450 °C. The precipitates coarsened somewhat after tempering at 650 °C; the degree of coarsening was, however, less compared to that of the reheat-quenched (RQ) and tempered steel, indicating that the DQ steel was slightly more resistant to tempering. Similar to the RQ steel, at a 450 °C tempering condition, the DQ steel exhibited peak strength with extremely poor impact toughness. After tempering at 650 °C, the toughness of the DQ steel improved significantly, but at the expense of its strength. In general, the strength of the DQ and tempered steel was good and comparable to that of the RQ and tempered steel, although, its impact toughness was marginally less than the latter. The optimum combination of strength and toughness in the DQ steels was achieved after 900 °C rolling with 50 pct deformation, followed by direct quenching and tempering at 650 °C (yield strength (YS)=903 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS)=928 MPa, and Charpy V-notch (CVN) strength=143 J at −85 °C).     

轧制工艺对高强抗震耐火钢板组织性能的影响

 为了提高建筑用钢的屈服强度,优化轧制工艺和降低生产成本,通过实验室轧钢并结合室温、高温拉伸试验以及扫描和透射电镜观察,研究了4种不同轧制工艺下的高强抗震耐火钢板的组织和力学性能。研究结果表明,试验用耐火钢板的组织主要由铁素体+粒状贝氏体组成。粗轧开轧温度较高时,试验用钢板的室温屈服强度和高温屈服强度都较高,粒状贝氏体的体积分数也较多。开轧和开冷温度较高时,试验钢板的高温屈服强度可以满足建筑用耐火钢板的力学性能要求。随着开冷温度的提高,试验钢板的屈服强度会进一步提高,但是组织中铁素体晶粒尺寸较大,而且塑性较差。根据冲击试验结果可以发现,随着冲击温度的降低,试验钢板的断裂吸收功下降较多。析出相分析结果表明,析出相主要是(Nb,Ti)C和(Ti,Nb,Mo)C,析出相颗粒尺寸较大。     

600 MPa级热轧双相钢组织与性能优化分析

 通过热轧厂实际生产试制,研究了钛、铌微合金元素对600 MPa级低成本低温卷取型铁素体/马氏体双相钢组织和性能的影响,并与同强度级别中温卷取双相钢进行对比。研究结果表明,沿晶界分布的纳米级（Nb,Ti）C第二相显著细化了铁素体/马氏体两相组织,由此解决了不含钛、铌元素的低温卷取双相钢马氏体岛粗大的问题,提高其强度和塑性。此外,试制生产对比发现,中温卷取双相钢存在晶粒尺寸较粗,马氏体体积分数较少,强度相对略低等特征,并提出了相应的热轧工艺改进思路。     

Effect of Nb Microalloying and Hot Rolling on Microstructure and Properties of Ultrathin Cast Strip Steels Produced by the CASTRIP<Superscript>®</Superscript> Process

The microstructure and corresponding tensile properties of both plain and Nb-microalloyed grades of ultrathin cast strip (UCS) low alloy steel produced using the CASTRIP^® process were studied. Both as-cast and hot-rolled strip cast steels with various levels of Nb microalloying were manufactured and investigated in this study. Hot rolling had little effect on the yield strength of Nb microalloyed UCS specimens for a given chemical composition, but resulted in a slightly finer microstructure. The effect of Nb microalloying was significant, and this is attributable to the promotion of finer, tougher austenite transformation products such as bainite and acicular ferrite at the expense of large polygonal ferrite grains. A fine dispersion of Nb solute clusters was observed in all Nb-containing steels following hot rolling, and it is suggested that this also contributes to the observed strengthening.     

Microstructure and Properties of Hot Rolled Ti23Al17Nb Alloy Sheets

 Microstructure and tensile properties of the Ti-23Al-17Nb alloy sheets rolling at （α2＋B2＋O）phase field with the various heat treatments were studied. Before rolling the microstructure of B2 phase particles embedded in O phase continuity matrix is acquired. The B2 phases deform more greatly and recrystallize more easily than α2/ O phases during the same rolling step. The (α2＋B2) two-phase equiaxed microstructure is obtain by solution treatment at (α2＋B2) phase field. The B2 phases become the continuity matrix by recrystallization and growing up of B2 grains and the anisotropy caused by rolling disappears. The microstructure obtained by solution treatment has more excellent tensile properties than the microstructure gained by subsequent aging treatment at (O＋B2) phase field because the O phases precipitate as the block structure during aging and the B2 matrix continuity is broken down.     

Effect of V–Nb Composite Microalloying on Microstructure and Properties of Non-Quenched and Tempered Forged Steel

Herein, non-quenched and tempered forging steels containing V and V–Nb are designed, and the mechanical properties and microstructure of two steels are compared and analyzed. The comprehensive mechanical properties of V–Nb containing steel are as follows: the yield strength is 525.1 MPa, the impact energy A_kV is 62.1 J at ambient temperature, and the elongation is 26.1%. It is shown in the results that the addition of Nb element can refine the grain size (17.2 μm), increase the ferrite content (54.1%), and refine the lamellar spacing of pearlite (274 nm). The formation of V (C, N) particles on MnS inclusions can promote fine ferrite nucleation and growth, and Nb element can further promote ferrite nucleation by forming coarser (V, Nb) (C, N) particles. The difference of yield strength and hardness between the two steels is mainly caused by the difference of precipitation strengthening, the precipitation-strengthening increment of V–Nb containing steel is 18.31 MPa higher than that of V containing steel, which is because the coarser-size (V, Nb) (C, N) particles produce stronger precipitation-strengthening effect. But the large-sized MnS inclusions are beneficial to the increase of crack driving force and reduce the plasticity and toughness.     

Unexpected Effect of Nb Addition as a Microalloying Element on Mechanical Properties of δ-TRIP Steels

The concept of microalloying was applied to the δ-TRIP(transformation-induced plasticity)steel to investigate the feasibility of increasing the mechanical properties and understanding the effect of microalloying on the morphology and structure of the steel.A hot rolled δ-TRIP steel with three different contents of Nb(0,0.03,0.07 mass%)was subjected to the microstructural and mechanical examination.The high Al and Si concentration in these steels guaranteed the presence of the considerable δ-ferrite phase in the microstructure after the casting and the subsequent hot rolling.The obtained results showed that Nb dramatically affects the microstructure,the dynamic recovery and recrystallization behavior,as well as the grain shape and thus the stability of austenite after the thermomechanical process of hot rolling.The results also revealed an unexpected effect of Nb on the mechanical properties.The addition of Nb to theδ-TRIP steel led to a significant decrease in the ultimate strength(from 1 144 to 917 MPa)and an increase in ductility(from 24% to 28%).These unconventional results could be explained by the change in the steel microstructure.The work-hardening behaviors of all samples exhibit three stages of the work-hardening rate evolution.At the stage 2,the work-hardening rate of the studied steels increased,being attributed to the TRIP effect and the transformation of austenite to martensite.     

400 MPa级縮微合金化抗震钢的控轧控冷工艺实践

在化学成分合理设计的基础上HRB400E钢(/%:0.21～0.25C,0.40～0.65Si,1.40～1.55Mn,≤0.040P,≤0.040S,0.015～0.025Nb,0.005～0.008N),研究了不同加热温度及控轧控冷温度对力学性能、金相组织和钢筋表面时效锈蚀的影响。提出了最佳的轧制温度参数:加热温度为1140～1170℃、开轧温度为1 040～1 060℃,精轧温度为1000～1030℃,终轧后的冷床温度是870～890℃。结果表明,铌微合金化HRB400E钢屈服强度450-475MPa,其析出物主要为粒径大小为300～600nm的Nb(C,N),分布在网状碳化物上、网状碳化物边缘以及晶界附近的晶粒内部。     

C Si Mn Cr Nb钢双相组织性能的柔性控制

 根据C Si Mn Cr Nb试验钢的双道次变形和分段冷却热模拟试验结果,进行了试验钢控轧控冷试验,分析了工艺参数对试验钢组织和性能的影响,获得了具有不同力学性能的铁素体+马氏体或铁素体+贝氏体双相组织。结果表明,试验钢两段轧制分段冷却后550 ℃卷取获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织,屈服强度415 MPa,抗拉强度710 MPa,伸长率23.0％,屈强比0.59。500 ℃卷取得到铁素体加粒状贝氏体双相组织,与550 ℃卷取相比,屈服强度升高35 MPa,抗拉强度降低45 MPa,伸长率略微降低。     

HTP工艺超低碳贝氏体钢Q620CFD中厚板的开发

研究了超低碳贝氏体钢Q620CFD在HTP工艺条件下轧态、回火态的组织与力学性能;与同级别低Nb钢板进行了变形抗力热模拟对比试验。结果表明,二次开轧温度和轧后回火工艺对该钢的组织、性能和析出物的形态数量有明显影响;采用HTP工艺可以有效降低其控轧生产时的轧制负荷。     

Nb对C Si Mn Cr双相钢相变规律、组织和性能的影响

  根据C Si Mn Cr和C Si Mn Cr Nb实验钢的相变规律,在实验室进行了控轧控冷实验研究,分析了微合金元素Nb对高强度热轧双相钢相变规律、组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明,Nb可显著推迟铁素体和珠光体转变,并显著降低铁素体开始转变温度,但对铁素体终止转变温度和贝氏体转变温度区间基本没有影响。经Nb微合金化后,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度增幅均在100 MPa以上,屈服强度的增幅高于抗拉强度,且在强度大幅度升高的同时,伸长率下降并不明显,表明Nb的细晶强化作用对提高中温卷取热轧双相钢强度级别的效果明显。